共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
基于WRF模式,采用4层嵌套方案,选取3种积云参数化方案和7种微物理方案组成21种组合,对清江流域2016—2018年6—10月6次典型降雨事件进行数值预报,结合CMORPH卫星-地面自动站-雷达三源融合降水产品,采用TS评分和FSS评分,分析不同分辨率和云微物理方案的降雨预报效果;基于较优组合方案的WRF模式与WRF-Hydro水文模式耦合进行径流模拟,分析WRF模式在水文模拟中的应用效果。结果表明:3 km和1 km分辨率对降雨中心位置及强度预报的差别不大,对降雨落区都有较好的预报能力;在积云参数化方案中,KF方案和BMJ方案的降雨预报效果优于GF方案;在微物理方案中,WSM3、WSM5、WSM6、Thompson方案的预报结果与融合数据有较好的一致性;基于较优组合方案BMJ_WSM3,将WRF模式与WRF-Hydro模式耦合,耦合模式能较好地模拟洪水过程,径流模拟相关系数都在0.67以上,且NSE最高可达0.79。 相似文献
2.
WRF模式中微物理和积云参数化方案的对比试验 总被引：10，自引：3，他引：7
为了研究微物理参数化方案对珠江三角洲(简称珠三角)降水模拟的影响,利用WRF中尺度数值预报模式,在3 km模式分辨率下,在微物理方案为WSM6方案条件下,选用KF、BMJ、GD以及G3等四种积云参数化方案对2010年5月14日广东珠三角地区的一次暴雨过程进行了模拟试验。结果显示,KF方案对于降水带和降水量的模拟与实况较为一致。在积云参数化方案为KF条件下,分别选用Kessler、Lin et al、WSM 3、WSM5、Ferrier(New eta)和WSM6等6种微物理方案再次对这次暴雨过程进行模拟试验,模拟结果的对比分析表明:选用Lin et al微物理方案时,模式较好地模拟出了强降水雨带的位置和降水强度;而其他5种参数方案的模拟效果均不好,降水量明显偏小,雨带位置偏差较大;同时对低空急流、K指数和上升速度等物理量分析可知,Lin et al方案能较好地模拟出降水实况。 相似文献
3.
A comparative study has been conducted to investigate the skill of four convection parameterization schemes, namely the Anthes–Kuo (AK), the Betts–Miller (BM), the Kain–Fritsch (KF), and the Grell (GR) schemes in the numerical simulation of an extreme precipitation episode over eastern Peninsular Malaysia using the Pennsylvania State University—National Center for Atmospheric Research Center (PSU-NCAR) Fifth Generation Mesoscale Model (MM5). The event is a commonly occurring westward propagating tropical depression weather system during a boreal winter resulting from an interaction between a cold surge and the quasi-stationary Borneo vortex. The model setup and other physical parameterizations are identical in all experiments and hence any difference in the simulation performance could be associated with the cumulus parameterization scheme used. From the predicted rainfall and structure of the storm, it is clear that the BM scheme has an edge over the other schemes. The rainfall intensity and spatial distribution were reasonably well simulated compared to observations. The BM scheme was also better in resolving the horizontal and vertical structures of the storm. Most of the rainfall simulated by the BM simulation was of the convective type. The failure of other schemes (AK, GR and KF) in simulating the event may be attributed to the trigger function, closure assumption, and precipitation scheme. On the other hand, the appropriateness of the BM scheme for this episode may not be generalized for other episodes or convective environments. 相似文献
4.
MM5模式中不同对流参数化方案的比较试验 总被引：58，自引：2，他引：58
应用MM5中尺度模式, 在60、20和10 km模式分辨率下, 分别选用4种不同对流参数化方案 (KUO方案、GRELL方案、KAIN-FRITSCH方案和BETTS-MILLER方案, 以下简称KU、GR、KF和BM方案) 对1996年8月3~4日石家庄暴雨过程进行数值模拟试验.模拟结果的对比分析及其与观测的比较表明:主要雨带位置对参数化方案并不是十分敏感, 但随分辨率提高, 雨带分布特征的模拟更接近实况; 当分辨率提高到10 km时, 虚假的降水中心也明显增加; 模拟的暴雨中心强度随分辨率的提高而增强并随参数化方案的不同有所变化, 但均比实况偏弱.分析还发现, MM5模式的GR、KF及BM方案的次网格降水对总降水的贡献率随分辨率的提高而减小, 而KU方案的情况则呈现出不合理的缓慢增加态势.虽然4种方案下模拟的水平环流特征有较好的一致性, 但模拟的云物理特征和垂直运动特征还是存在一定差别的, 这种差别对定点、定量降水和天空状况、地面气温、湿度等要素的准确预报都会产生影响.因此, 在预报和模拟中应考虑预报和研究对象的特点来选择对流参数化方案. 相似文献
5.
In this study, the improved high-resolution regional climate model of the China National Climate Center （RegCM_NCC） is used to examine the sensitivity of the simulated circulation and rainfall during the South China Sea summer monsoon （SCSSM） period during 1998 in an effort to compare to other cumulus param- eterization schemes. The investigation has indicated that the model is capable of simulating the seasonal march of the SCSSM and that the results were very sensitive to the choice of cumulus parameterization schemes. It seems that the Kuo cumulus parameterization scheme simulates the process of the SCSSM onset reasonably well, which can reproduce the onset timing and dramatic changes before and after the onset, especially the upper- and lower-level wind-fields. However, there are still some discrepancies between the simulations and observations. For example, the model can not completely simulate the intensity of the rainfall or the location of the western Pacific subtropical high as well as the feature of the rapid northward propagation of seasonal rain belt. 相似文献
6.
In this paper, a 5-level spectral AGCM is used to examine the sensitivity of simulated East Asian summer monsoon circulation
and rainfall to cumulus parameterization schemes. From the simulated results of East Asian monsoon circulations and rainfalls
during the summers of 1987 and 1995, it is shown that the Kuo’s convective parameterization scheme is more suitable for the
numerical simulation of East Asian summer monsoon rainfall and circulation. This may be due to that the cumulus in the rainfall
system is not strong in the East Asian monsoon region.
This paper is supported by the National Key Progranmme “96-908”. 相似文献
7.
高分辨率模式中积云参数化方案对模拟台风“凡亚比”的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在高水平分辨率模式(3～6 km)中,对于是否应该再使用积云参数化方案,仍存在着争论.为此,利用WRF模式,在5 km水平分辨率下,研究了不同云降水方案对一次台风过程模拟的影响,并对影响原因进行了初步探索.结果表明,即使在5 km高水平分辨率下,使用积云参数化方案仍能有效改善对台风路径的模拟,同时,成熟的混合冰相微物理方案对模拟台风路径也非常重要;对台风强度模拟,对积云参数化方案的选择较为敏感和复杂;在48 h预报时效内,只使用微物理方案模拟的降水较好,使用积云参数化方案容易产生较多的虚假降水,但能改善第3天24 h累积降水模拟.这些研究结果为利用高水平分辨率模式模拟台风和改进积云参数化方案提供一定借鉴. 相似文献
8.
东亚夏季风降水和环流数值模拟对不同对流参数化方案的敏感性 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：4
A 5-level spectral AGCM (ImPKU-5LAGCM) is used to examine the sensitivity of the simulated results of the summer monsoon rainfall and circulation in East Asia to different cumulus parameterization schemes in the climatological-mean case and in the cases of weak and strong Asian summer monsoons,respectively. The results simulated with the Arakawa-Schubert＇s(hereafter A-S＇s), Kuo＇s and Manabe＇s cumulus parameterization schemes show that these simulated distributions of the summer monsoon rainfall and circulation in East Asia depend strongly on the cumulus parameterization schemes either in the climatological-mean case or in the cases of weak and strong Asian summer monsoons. From the simulated results, it might be shown that the Kuo scheme appears to be more suitable for the simulation of the summer monsoon rainfall and circulation in East Asia than the A-S scheme or the Manabe scheme, although the A-S scheme is somewhat better in the simulations of the tropical rainfall. This might be due to that the Kuo＇s cumulus parameterization scheme is able to reflect well the characteristics of rainfall cloud system in the East Asian summer monsoon region, where the rainfall system used to be a mixing of cumulus and stratus. 相似文献
9.
S. Das A. K. Mitra G. R. Iyengar S. Mohandas 《Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics》2001,78(3-4):227-244
Summary
The global spectral model of NCMRWF at T80 horizontal resolution and 18 vertical levels has been integrated for the summer
season (July) using different cumulus parameterization schemes namely, the Simplified Arakawa-Schubert scheme (SAS), the Relaxed
Arakawa-Schubert Scheme (RAS), and the Kuo-type cumulus parameterization scheme (KUO). The results have been compared with
mean analysis of the operational NCMRWF model (ANA) and other available observations.
Results indicate that, while the global distributions of basic fields such as the wind, temperature and moisture are fairly
well simulated by all the three schemes, there are many differences seen in the simulation of the typical features of the
Indian summer monsoon. The strength of the Low Level Westerly Jet (LLWJ), the Cross Equatorial Flow (CEF), and the Tropical
Easterly Jet (TEJ) are better simulated by RAS and SAS as compared to ANA than the KUO scheme. RAS and SAS produce strong
rising motion owing to strong intensity of convection produced by these two schemes. This in turn produces stronger Hadley
cell by RAS and SAS than compared to the KUO scheme. Simulation of the 200 mb velocity potential and divergent wind by RAS
and SAS produced two prominent centers, one in the Bay of Bengal and another in the Western Pacific, which correspond to the
intense latent heating by cumulus convection during the active monsoon phase. The velocity potential and divergent winds were
weaker in KUO, than compared to RAS and SAS.
The simulation of OLR is improved by RAS as compared to observations. The cold bias produced by KUO at 200 mb is reduced by
RAS and is substantially improved by SAS. Study of observed and simulated rainfall indicated that RAS and SAS produced better
distribution of precipitation over the Western Ghat Mountains and the Arakan coast, where deep cumulus convection is produced
due to orographic forcing of the warm moist air. The KUO scheme underestimated the rainfall over these two regions, but produced
slightly better distribution of rainfall over the northwest and central India, where the intensity of convection is relatively
weaker.
Evaluation of overall dynamics, thermal structure and rainfall indicates that in general, SAS is able to provide relatively
better results compared to other two schemes.
Received October 3, 2000/Revised December 5, 2000 相似文献
10.
In this study, the improved high-resolution regional climate model of the China National Climate Center (RegCM_NCC) is used to examine the sensitivity of the simulated circulation and rainfall during the South China Sea summer monsoon (SCSSM) period during 1998 in an effort to compare to other cumulus parameterization schemes. The investigation has indicated that the model is capable of simulating the seasonal march of the SCSSM and that the results were very sensitive to the choice of cumulus parameterization schemes. It seems that the Kuo cumulus parameterization scheme simulates the process of the SCSSM onset reasonably well, which can reproduce the onset timing and dramatic changes before and after the onset, especially the upper- and lower-level wind-fields. However, there are still some discrepancies between the simulations and observations. For example, the model can not completely simulate the intensity of the rainfall or the location of the western Pacific subtropical high as well as the feature of the rapid northward propagation of seasonal rain belt. 相似文献
11.
修正的质量通量积云对流方案及其模拟试验研究Ⅰ:方案介绍及对1991年洪涝过程的模拟 总被引：6，自引：3，他引：6
文中在综合比较各类积云对流参数化方案优缺点的基础上 ,主要参考陈伯民等修正的ECMWF质量通量积云参数化方案 ,对其进行简化和修改 ,发展了一个质量通量积云对流参数化方案 ,文中表示为 MFS(Mass Flux Scheme)。MFS是一种综合型的方案 ,既考虑了大尺度水汽辐合的重要性 ,又考虑了积云中的上升运动、下沉运动、环境中的补偿下沉运动 ,以及卷入、卷出和蒸发等 ,用总体云模式来描述积云与环境的相互作用 ,同时考虑了深对流和浅对流。将 MFS植入 NCAR区域气候模式 Reg CM2中 ,对 1 991年 5～ 7月江淮地区特大降水过程的夏季风气候特征和变化进行了模拟 ,并与 NCAR Reg CM2选用 Kuo方案 ,在同样初、边值条件和其它物理过程选择下的模拟结果进行了对比分析。分析结果表明 ,植入 MFS后的模式能够模拟这次极端的降水气候事件。在某些方面 ,如地表气温 ,降水的模拟上 ,植入 MFS后的模式的模拟结果要比原模式的结果更合理 相似文献
12.
利用高分辨率的区域气候模式 (RegCM_NCC) 对南海夏季风爆发进行模拟研究。研究表明:该模式对积云对流参数化方案的选择十分敏感, 其中以Kuo积云参数化方案为最好, 可以比较成功地模拟出南海夏季风的爆发时间、爆发前后高、低层风场的剧烈变化以及季风与季风雨带的向北推进。然而该方案对于雨量和副热带高压位置的模拟, 与观测相比尚存在一定的偏差, 主要表现为副热带高压位置模拟偏北、偏东; 南海地区的降水量模拟偏少、降水范围偏小。此外, 采用4种参数化方案 (Kuo, Grell, MFS, Betts-Miller) 集成的结果在某种程度上要优于单个方案的结果, 这种改善主要体现在对南海地区季风爆发后降水的模拟上。 相似文献
13.
Sensitivity of regional climate simulations of the summer 1998 extreme rainfall to convective parameterization schemes 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
In this paper, a comparison study of three cumulus parameterization schemes (CPSs), Kain-Fritsch2 (KF2), Grell (GR) and Anthes-Kuo (AK), is carried out using the Pennsylvania State University-National Center for Atmospheric Research mesoscale model (i.e., MM5). The performances of three CPSs are examined in simulations of the long-term heavy Meiyu-frontal rainfall events over the middle to lower reaches of the Yangtze River Basin (YRB-ML) during the summer of 1998. The initial and lateral boundary atmosphere conditions are taken from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/Department of Energy Reanalysis-2 (R-2) data. The experiment with KF2 scheme (EX_KF2) reproduces reasonably well the major rainfall events, especially the heavy rainfall over YRB-ML during the later stage, and the middle and lower troposphere circulation patterns. In contrast, the experiments with both GR and AK schemes (EX_GR and EX_AK) only simulate the heavy rainfall during the first Meiyu rainy phase with weak intensity, and almost miss the rainfall along YRB-ML during the second phase. The analyses show that the location of 500?hPa western Pacific subtropical high during the first rainy phase, the northward advance during the transition period and the retreat during the second rainy phase, observed from the R-2 data, are successfully captured by EX_KF2, compared to the poor performance of EX_GR and EX_AK. A reasonable proportion of the subgrid-scale rainfall and smaller biases of temperature and moisture from lower to middle troposphere in EX_KF2 decide its good rainfall simulations, in contrast with the absolutely high proportions and the cold and dry biases caused by the decreased vertically convective transportation and the weak southwesterly wind in EX_GR and EX_AK. Overall, the three CPSs show substantial intersimulation differences in rainfall as well as in three-dimensional atmospheric structures, and KF2 shows superior performances. The results suggest that the realistic subgrid-scale CPS is still highly required for the high-resolution regional climate models to simulate the heavy rainfall events. 相似文献
14.
针对2012年7月21—22日北京特大暴雨过程,比较WRF V3.5.1版本中KF、BMJ、GD、SAS四种积云对流参数化方案对降水的模拟效果,研究对流激发在时空分布上的特征以及预报降水量的影响因子。结果表明,KF方案整体效果较好,BMJ方案夸大了强降水区的范围和强度,GD和SAS方案模拟效果较差。各方案在初始对流激发的状态和时间上存在差异,使得演变过程显著不同。总体上,KF方案很好地模拟了对流的触发,在发生强降水时段,上升运动强,水汽条件充足。同时,KF和BMJ方案模拟的深对流区域降水效率高,SAS方案基本均为层云区域,无法模拟出强降水中心。 相似文献
15.
16.
不同降水方案对"03.7"一次暴雨过程模拟的影响 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
观测和数值模拟研究已经表明,潜热释放对中国东部夏季梅雨锋系统及其锋面降水的维持和发展发挥着非常重要的作用.然而,目前对于梅雨锋降水模拟中各种降水方案的相互协调和系统评估方面的工作仍不多见,为了增进对梅雨锋暴雨模拟中降水过程的认识,作者针对2003年7月4～5日一次梅雨锋暴雨过程,构造了四组试验,利用MM5模式考察了两种分辨率(36 km、12 km),各种隐/显式方案搭配下,对所生成的雨带、雨量和降水类型的配置进行了仔细的研究,得到了一些有意义的结论,为今后更好地使用模式、利用数值模式来认识中尺度降水过程中的气象问题打下基础.主要结论包括:模拟总降水的水平分布和强度,以及显式降水和隐式降水的划分对积云参数化方案的选择非常敏感.但对特定积云参数化方案而言,降水的模拟对36 km、12 km水平分辨率不敏感(除Betts-Miller方案外);在中尺度网格分辨率10～50 km范围内,不同积云参数化方案对梅雨锋降水分布和降水量模拟的影响比不同显式方案带来的变化大得多. 相似文献
17.
不同云微物理方案对上海特大暴雨模拟影响的分析 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
利用中尺度数值预报模式WRF3.5,采用36、12和4 km三重嵌套,在积云参数化方案为BMJ条件下,选用WSM5、WSM6和Lin三种云微物理参数化方案,对发生在上海地区的两次典型特大暴雨（简称“0913”和“0825”）进行模拟试验和对比分析,探讨不同云微物理参数化方案对上海暴雨模拟的影响。结果表明:三种方案总体上都较好地模拟出两次特大暴雨过程,但在降水落区、降水中心、降水强度等方面仍存在差异。再利用地面自动站、观测站的实测雨量以及自动站与CMORPH降水产品融合的逐时降水量网格数据,结合K指数、相对湿度、垂直速度和涡度散度等物理诊断量,从降水落区、降水中心和降水强度等方面对三种云微物理参数化方案的模拟结果进行对比分析。此外,通过对三种方案主要参数的比较以及三种方案模拟的冰、雪、霰粒子混合比的垂直廓线对相应的模拟结果进行解释。结果显示:WSM5微物理方案能更好地模拟出强降水的范围,其模拟的降水量较实测偏大;WSM6方案模拟的降水落区略有偏移,降水量偏小;Lin方案模拟的降水落区偏移较大。 相似文献
18.
19.
Comparison of seasonal and intraseasonal variation of tropical climate in NCAR CCM2 GCM with two different cumulus schemes 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
K. Rajendran Ravi S. Nanjundiah J. Srinivasan 《Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics》2002,79(1-2):57-86
Summary
The seasonal and intraseasonal variation of tropical climate in National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) Community
Climate Model Version 2 (CCM2) General Circulation Model (GCM) has been examined using two different cumulus parameterization
schemes, the moist convective adjustment scheme of Manabe et al. (1965) and the mass-flux scheme of Hack (1994). Ten-year
simulations have been undertaken with each of these schemes with SST prescribed according to the monthly mean climatology.
The seasonal mean rainfall in the tropics simulated by the moist convective adjustment scheme (MCA) scheme was found to be
more realistic than the mass-flux (Hack) scheme. The more realistic simulation by the MCA scheme was found to be on account
of the fact that the mean moist static energy of the lower troposphere in the MCA scheme was closer to the observations than
in the Hack scheme. In both the schemes, the precipitation in the tropics increases montonically with precipitable water vapour
when the precipitable water vapour is above 40 mm. This is consistent with relationship between precipitation and precipitable
water in the observations. The Hack scheme tends to simulate lower precipitation (for a given amount of precipitable water)
when compared to observations.
The MCA scheme simulates the eastward migration of convective systems along the equator quite well, although the speed of
propagation is somewhat low. The poleward migration of convective systems in the Indian region is more realistically simulated
by the MCA scheme than the Hack scheme. This is because the latitudinal gradient of the mean moist static energy in the MCA
scheme is more realistic than in the Hack scheme. Over most of the tropics, simulation by the MCA scheme is more realistic
on both seasonal and intraseasonal timescales.
Received November 1, 2000 Revised June 20, 2001 相似文献
20.
MODIFIED MASS FLUX CUMULUS CONVECTIVE PARAMETERIZATION SCHEME AND ITS SIMULATION EXPERIMENT—PART Ⅰ:MASS FLUX SCHEME AND ITS SIMULATION OF THE 1991 FLOOD EVENT* 
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下载免费PDF全文 Based on the existing cumulus convective parameterization schemes,a mass flux scheme (MFS) for cumulus convective parameterization has been successfully developed by reference to the work of Chen et al. (1996).The MFS is a comprehensive scheme.In MFS,not only the importance of the large-scale moisture convergence is taken into account,but also it includes the cumulus updrafts and downdrafts,cumulus-induced subsidence in the environmental air.entrainment,detrainment and evaporation.The interaction between the cumulus and the environment is described by using a one-dimensional bulk model.At the same time the scheme includes the penetrative and shallow convections.The MFS has been successfully incorporated into the regional climate model RegCM2 developed by NCAR.The new model has been applied to simulate summer monsoon characteristics and their variations of heavy rainfall process in the Changjiang-Huaihe River Basins for three months from May to July 1991.The results show that the new model can successfully simulate this rainfall prolonged process.By comparising the model outputs of RegCM2.using the Kuo scheme and the MFS.it is found that the MFS is better in simulating the surface temperature,rainfall position and amount,and rainfall duration. 相似文献