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为了解决深部沿空留巷围岩控制难题,选取邢东矿(埋深850 m)1126大采高工作面沿空留巷为研究对象。采用UDEC模拟分析关键块B不同下沉量围岩的响应特征。结果表明:1实体煤帮偏应力峰值和位置与关键块B下沉量呈线性关系增大且向深部转移;2实体煤帮深部变形对关键块B下沉量的响应较弱,愈靠近煤帮表面其敏感性越强,深浅部围岩位移有明显拐点;3顶板下沉量、帮变形量与关键块B下沉量呈正指数关系;4随关键块B下沉,实体煤帮的破坏形式经历了从不稳定三角块滑落→X共轭破坏→双X共轭破坏过程。认为:1巷旁采空区充填可有效限制关键块C下沉对块体B的带动作用;2钢管混凝土支架可适应关键块B的下沉特征,具有较强的抗压缩和弯曲特性;3高性能、高预紧力锚杆可更好地提高锚固体承载和抵御变形能力;4顶桁架锚索可以锚固在关键块B上,锚固基础稳固可靠;帮锚索可以穿越帮潜在滑移面,锚固在位移拐点内的锚固区内,限制帮结构性滑移。基于此提出了巷旁采空区充填+钢管混凝土支架+顶桁架、帮锚索+高强高预紧力锚杆联合控制方案;沿空留巷完成30 d后围岩趋于稳定,顶底板和两帮最大相对移近量分别为613 mm和374 mm,实现了深部大采高沿空留巷围岩的有效控制。 相似文献
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倾斜煤层沿空半煤岩巷由于围岩结构的非对称性和非均质性,受采掘扰动影响,巷道围岩呈现更严重的变形破坏。为揭示不同基本顶断裂形式对倾斜煤层沿空半煤岩巷围岩稳定性的影响规律,采用数值模拟方法针对该类巷道4种基本顶断裂形式下巷道围岩变形特征进行了研究。结果表明:基本顶断裂线位置对该类巷道围岩稳定性的影响程度由小到大依次为:采空区侧、煤柱上方、实体煤侧、巷道上方;基本顶断裂线位于采空区侧时,煤柱轴向、横向应力增速均小于其他情况,垂直位移也最小,煤柱变形在允许范围内,可保持后期对顶板的支承能力,对巷道维护最有利。在此基础上,以贵州某矿1511工作面回风巷为工程背景进行了工业试验,通过理论计算和现场钻孔探测综合分析得出,为避免基本顶断裂线位于煤柱上方靠巷道侧,下一步掘进时煤柱宽度应由3 m改为5 m。掘采期间断面检测结果显示,断面最大收缩率为23.3％,最大非对称变形率为5.2％,巷道整体均匀协调变形,进一步验证了研究成果的可靠性。 相似文献
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镇城底矿工作面的回采巷道一条沿顶板掘进,一条沿底板掘进,相邻两工作面在端头搭接,沿底板掘进的巷道形成巷顶沿空掘巷。通过理论分析、相似模拟、数值模拟及现场实测对巷顶沿空掘巷围岩结构及应力环境进行了研究。得到如下结论：该巷道不受超前和固定支承压力影响,大结构下方的矸石垫层可起到能量和应力耗散的作用,避免了动载和冲击影响,应力低且稳定;岩层移动形成的垮落角对采空区应力大小和分布（尤其采空区边缘）有重要影响;垮落角越小,采空区应力越小,该巷道围岩应力越小,采空区恢复至原岩应力的距离越大;垮落角对岩体塑性区发育方向起控制和导向作用;该巷道围岩应力大幅低于原岩应力,卸压程度大;实测该巷道竖向和横向位移均比非沿空巷道小,即顶底板和两帮应力环境均得到改善。研究对维护具有冲击倾向的高应力巷道具有一定意义。 相似文献
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利用非连续变形分析方法（DDARF）对单节理锚固试件在单轴压缩条件下的变形破坏及裂隙扩展过程进行分析,并以深部厚顶煤综放沿空掘巷--赵楼煤矿11302工作面轨道巷为工程背景,应用DDARF对沿空巷道围岩的变形破坏及控制机制进行研究,同时利用地质力学模型试验及现场试验进行对比验证。重点分析了沿空巷道围岩裂隙演化规律,并定义裂隙率 及裂隙减少率 两个指标对DDARF计算中的沿空巷道裂隙演化规律进行定量分析。研究结果表明：采用DDARF方法对单节理试件在无锚和加锚条件下的单轴压缩试验计算与室内试验结果相吻合;对沿空掘巷过程中巷道围岩变形情况进行DDARF计算,结果显示,围岩变形呈现沿空帮>顶板>实体帮>底板的变化趋势,与模型及现场试验监测数据相符;根据 及 两个指标对计算得到的无锚和加锚沿空巷道围岩裂隙发育情况进行定量分析,结果显示,沿空巷道围岩破坏趋势为 ,与变形趋势相一致;虽然锚固效果明显,但由于Ⅰ区、Ⅱ区本身围岩破碎严重,支护后裂隙率最大的 仍然是裂隙率最小的 的2.13倍,为了维护围岩稳定性,除了进行锚杆（索）非对称支护外,还应对Ⅰ区、Ⅱ区关键部位增加支护措施。DDARF方法关于沿空巷道围岩变形破坏的计算结果与实际工程相近,可有效开展裂隙演化与变形破坏机制研究,分析此类巷道的控制对策。 相似文献
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确定合理的区段煤柱宽度及巷道支护型式和参数,对于提高资源回采率和巷道安全性及实现综放开采高产高效意义重大。以王家岭煤矿20103区段运输平巷为工程背景,采用FLAC3D数值分析了不同煤柱宽度下围岩主应力差、变形及破坏演化规律,认为合理煤柱宽度为6～10 m,并结合实际地质和生产条件确定试验巷道煤柱宽度为8 m。采用理论分析和现场钻孔窥视方法综合确定基本顶断裂线位于距采空区约7 m处,认为由于综放沿空巷道围岩性质结构和应力分布沿巷道中心线呈明显非对称性,将引发煤柱侧顶板严重下沉和肩角部位煤岩体错位、嵌入、台阶下沉等非对称破坏特征,靠煤柱侧顶板及肩角部位是巷道变形破坏的关键部位。在此研究基础上,针对性地提出了以高强锚梁网、不对称锚梁、锚索桁架为主体的综合控制技术,详细阐明了具体支护措施的控制机制,并进行现场应用。工程实践表明,8 m煤柱宽度合理,该支护技术能够保证窄煤柱沿空巷道围岩稳定,并已在王家岭煤矿大面积推广应用,对类似工程条件的支护技术具有一定的理论意义和实用价值。 相似文献
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《岩土力学》2017,(3):793-800
针对深井高应力软岩沿空留巷围岩大变形难题,通过现场调研、理论分析和相似模拟试验,分析了围岩特性、支护结构破坏形式及其破坏演化过程,并对围岩破坏机制和围岩控制技术进行了深入系统研究。结果表明:厚层泥岩低强度、软化吸水膨胀及其在强采动高应力状态下碎裂扩容、长期蠕变是围岩大变形的诱因;围岩变形破坏相对于巷道横截面铅垂和水平方向呈明显不对称状态;原有围岩支护系统没有形成一个完整承载结构,使支护体被各个击破,围岩破坏顺序:充填区域顶板破碎→充填体偏心受载压裂片落→巷内顶板急剧倾斜下沉→实体煤帮外鼓片帮,最终导致围岩失稳;提出顶板分区耦合支护和以充填区域顶板为关键纽带的"四位一体"围岩控制技术,该技术能够提高巷道整体稳定性,避免围岩局部破坏造成的支护结构失稳,保障巷道安全畅通。 相似文献
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《岩土力学》2015,(9):2665-2673
考虑到沿空留巷围岩应力环境和结构特点,阐述了沿空留巷不均衡承载特征,将沿空留巷基本顶简化为巷旁支护体及实煤体帮共同承载的力学模型,定义实煤体帮承载与巷旁支护体承载比值为沿空留巷不均衡承载系数,得到了不均衡承载系数的计算公式,并分析了不均衡承载系数的影响因素及其变化规律。研究结果表明:实煤体弹性模量和直接顶损伤变量与不均衡承载系数呈正相关;巷旁支护体弹性模量、直接顶弹性模量、巷道宽度、巷旁支护体宽度和实煤体帮支护强度与不均衡承载系数呈负相关。在此基础上,依据沿空留巷不均衡承载系数的变化规律,设计了柳家庄煤矿4211回风平巷沿空留巷围岩控制方案,并通过数值计算和现场矿压监测的方法,验证了高水材料巷旁充填沿空留巷围岩不均衡承载特征。研究成果已成功应用于大采高沿空留巷。 相似文献
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回采巷道片帮机制及控制技术研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
根据大采高工作面回采巷道帮部围岩的特点,采用断裂损伤理论、弹塑性理论建立了巷帮围岩层裂板结构力学模型,分析了霍州煤电辛置煤矿回采巷道帮部围岩失稳机制,并将注浆锚索支护方式首次应用于巷道帮部围岩的片帮治理。研究表明：回采巷道帮部围岩内部存在大量的裂纹,在高应力的作用下裂纹扩展发育,巷帮围岩演化为层裂板结构,当作用在巷帮围岩上的多重支承压力大于最小临界失稳载荷时即发生片帮;随煤岩体弹性模量、层裂板厚度的增大,层裂板发生失稳时破坏范围扩大;采用注浆锚索支护巷帮时浆液能够填满巷帮围岩深部裂隙,使巷帮围岩成为一个整体,提高了巷帮围岩支护结构的承载能力,控制了巷帮围岩片帮的发生。 相似文献
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为解决国家兰海高速(G75)定西段岷县隧道在建设过程中原支护设计方案出现的软岩大变形问题，通过软岩类型分析、围岩变形力学机制分析，提出针对不同力学机制的力学转化对策，引入在矿山及边坡等岩石领域广泛应用的高预紧力恒阻大变形锚索，提出了“超前支护+长短NPR锚索优化布置主动支护+钢拱架+混凝土喷浆永久支护”的高预应力主被动联合支护技术。通过数值模拟和现场监测效果对比研究，结果表明，现场试验段围岩最大变形量仅为73 mm,恒阻大变形锚索的预紧力均在280～300 kN范围内，可见优化后不同支护技术均对围岩变形起到了控制作用，有效发挥了恒阻让压支护的作用，控制效果明显。 相似文献
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This study investigates the flow and caving characteristics of top coal and roof rock, as well as top coal loss pattern in the fully mechanized top coal caving mining of extra thick coal seams. The two dimensional discrete element numerical simulation software program, particle flow code (PFC), is used for the simulation of top coal caving and the inversion analysis. The original locations, distribution, and migration pattern of caved top coal and lost coal were obtained. The analysis shows that in the initial site of caving, the caved bodies are in the form of arc shaped strips in front of the working face. During the caving, caved bodies of different heights move towards the lower rear of the face at different speeds. The lost coal and caved roof rock are originally located at the interface between coal seam and roof, the lost coal is mainly distributed in the goaf on the floor. Behind the support, the caved top coal bodies originally are arc shaped strips, with the highest points located at the midline of the caving opening. The strips are more curved near the goaf than those near the support. During top coal caving, the strips successively cave, with the adjacent outer strip replacing the caved one. The variations of top coal loss and waste rock ratio with time reflect the different phases of top coal caving. In order to improve coal recovery and limit the amount of caved roof rock, the waste rock ratio should be controlled below 10 %. When the waste rock ratio reaches this value, the caving opening should be closed. This paper provides theoretical bases for the improvement of top coal recovery in the fully mechanized top coal caving mining of extra thick coal seams. 相似文献
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Health impacts of coal and coal use: possible solutions 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Robert B. Finkelman William Orem Vincent Castranova Calin A. Tatu Harvey E. Belkin Baoshan Zheng Harry E. Lerch Susan V. Maharaj Anne L. Bates 《International Journal of Coal Geology》2002,50(1-4)
Coal will be a dominant energy source in both developed and developing countries for at least the first half of the 21st century. Environmental problems associated with coal, before mining, during mining, in storage, during combustion, and postcombustion waste products are well known and are being addressed by ongoing research. The connection between potential environmental problems with human health is a fairly new field and requires the cooperation of both the geoscience and medical disciplines. Three research programs that illustrate this collaboration are described and used to present a range of human health problems that are potentially caused by coal. Domestic combustion of coal in China has, in some cases, severely affected human health. Both on a local and regional scale, human health has been adversely affected by coals containing arsenic, fluorine, selenium, and possibly, mercury. Balkan endemic nephropathy (BEN), an irreversible kidney disease of unknown origin, has been related to the proximity of Pliocene lignite deposits. The working hypothesis is that groundwater is leaching toxic organic compounds as it passes through the lignites and that these organics are then ingested by the local population contributing to this health problem. Human disease associated with coal mining mainly results from inhalation of particulate matter during the mining process. The disease is Coal Worker's Pneumoconiosis characterized by coal dust-induced lesions in the gas exchange regions of the lung; the coal worker's “black lung disease”. 相似文献
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江苏省煤炭资源利用及找煤前景 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
分析了苏南、徐州、丰沛煤田的煤炭资源利用现状和开发前景。对煤田预测成果进行了分析，评述、提出中大科技找煤力度，有希望取得较好的成果。 相似文献
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Three sets of pyrolysis experiments were performed on extracted coal (Ro% 0.39), coal (initial bitumen 13.5 mg/g coal) and bitumen enriched coal (total bitumen 80.9 mg/g coal) at two heating rates of 2 °C/h and 20 °C/h in confined systems (gold capsules). For all three experiments, the yields of bitumen, Σn-C8+, aromatic components and ΣC2–5 at first increase and then decrease with increasing EASY%Ro and reach the highest values within the EASY%Ro ranges of 0.67–1.08, 1.07–1.19, 1.46–1.79 and 1.46–1.68, respectively. In contrast, C1/ΣC1–5 ratio at first decreases and then increases with EASY%Ro and reaches a minimum value in EASY%Ro range of 0.86–1.08, closely corresponding to the maximum values of the yields of bitumen and Σn-C8+. Methane yields increase consistently with EASY%Ro. Nearly half of the maximum yield of methane from kerogen was generated at EASY%Ro > 2.2. The differences in methane yields among the three experiments at the same thermal stress are relatively minor at EASY%Ro < 2.2, but are greater with thermal stress at EASY%Ro > 2.2. This demonstrates that the kerogen always retained relatively more hydrogen and hydrocarbon generative potential at the postmature stage of bitumen rich coal than the extracted coal or coal.The maximum yield of ethane is 20–25% higher in the bitumen rich coal experiment than the extracted coal or coal, while the maximum yields of C3, C4 and C5 in the former are double to triple those in the latter. This result demonstrates that the added bitumen in bitumen rich coal substantially increased the generation of these wet gases. However, the averaged values of activation energies (with the same frequency factors) for both the generation and cracking of individual wet gases are similar and do not show consistent trends among the three experiments. For all three experiments, activation energies for the generation and cracking of wet gases are significantly lower than those in previously published oil pyrolysis experiments with same frequency factors (Pan et al., 2012; Organic Geochemistry 45, 29–47). Methane δ13C values at the maximum temperature or EASY%Ro are close to those of initial wet gases, especially C3, implying that the major part of methane shared a common initial precursor with wet gases, i.e., free and bound liquid alkanes. 相似文献