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1.
An Evaluation of Four Different Wavelet Decomposition Procedures for Spatial Feature Discrimination in Urban Areas 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Texture or spatial arrangement of neighborhood objects and features plays an important role in the human visual system for pattern recognition and image classification. The traditional spectral–based image processing techniques have proven inadequate for urban land use and land cover mapping from images acquired by the current generation of fine–resolution satellites. This is because of the high frequency spatial arrangements or complex nature of urban features. There is a need for an effective algorithm to digitally classify urban land use and land cover categories using high–resolution image data. Recent studies using wavelet transforms for texture analysis have generally reported better accuracy. Based on a high–resolution ATLAS image, this study illustrates four different wavelet decomposition procedures – the standard, horizontal, vertical, and diagonal decompositions – for urban land use and land cover feature extraction with the use of 33×33 pixel samples. The standard decomposition approach was found to be the most efficient approach in urban texture analysis and classification. For comparison purposes and to better evaluate the accuracy of wavelet approaches in image classification, spatial autocorrelation techniques (Moran's I and Geary's C ) and the spatial co–occurrence matrix method were also examined. The results suggest that the wavelet transform approach is superior to all other approaches. 相似文献
2.
The characteristics of very high resolution (VHR) satellite data are encouraging development agencies to investigate its use in monitoring and evaluation programmes. VHR data pose challenges for land use classification of heterogeneous rural landscapes as it is not possible to develop generalised and transferable land use classification definitions and algorithms. We present an operational framework for classifying VHR satellite data in heterogeneous rural landscapes using an object-based and random forest classifier. The framework overcomes the challenges of classifying VHR data in anthropogenic landscapes. It does this by using an image stack of RGB-NIR, Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and textural bands in a two-phase object-based classification. The framework can be applied to data acquired by different sensors, with different view and illumination geometries, at different times of the year. Even with these complex input data the framework can produce classification results that are comparable across time. Here we describe the framework and present an example of its application using data from QuickBird (2 images) and GeoEye (1 image) sensors. 相似文献
3.
物体空间关系指的是物体在欧氏空间中的邻近关系,根据图像中包含物体的邻近关系解决图像匹配的问题。本文首先基于对比机制训练物体块特征提取网络,构建物体块深度特征,该特征可以有效匹配不同图像中的相同物体块;其次,基于已有的先验图像数据推理表达图像中物体的空间邻近关系,构建场景物体空间邻近图;进而基于该空间邻近图计算场景图像对的空间邻近度,完成图像空间关系匹配。试验表明不匹配图像间的空间邻近度一般为0,而匹配图像间的空间邻近度一般大于0,本文空间关系匹配涉及多个物体间的相互关系,具有更强的稳健性,其匹配效果明显优于对比试验中的其他方法,可以高效稳定地完成图像匹配任务。 相似文献
4.
Manuel A. Aguilar Abderrahim Nemmaoui Fernando J. Aguilar Rongjun Qin 《地理信息系统科学与遥感》2019,56(1):109-129
Digital surface models (DSMs) extracted from very high resolution (VHR) satellite stereo images are becoming more and more important in a wide range of geoscience applications. The number of software packages available for generating DSMs has been increasing rapidly. The main goal of this work is to explore the capabilities of VHR satellite stereo pairs for DSMs generation over different land-cover objects such as agricultural plastic greenhouses, bare soil and urban areas by using two software packages: (i) OrthoEngine (PCI), based on a hierarchical subpixel mean normalized cross correlation matching method, and (ii) RPC Stereo Processor (RSP), with a modified hierarchical semi-global matching method. Two VHR satellite stereo pairs from WorldView-2 (WV2) and WorldView-3 (WV3) were used to extract the DSMs. A quality assessment on these DSMs on both vertical accuracy and completeness was carried out by considering the following factors: (i) type of sensor (i.e., WV2 or WV3), (ii) software package (i.e., PCI or RSP) and (iii) type of land-cover objects (plastic greenhouses, bare soil and urban areas). A highly accurate light detection and ranging (LiDAR) derived DSM was used as the ground truth for validation. By comparing both software packages, we concluded that regarding DSM completeness, RSP produced significantly (p < 0.05) better scores than PCI for all the sensors and type of land-cover objects. The percentage improvement in completeness by using RSP instead of PCI was approximately 2%, 18% and 26% for bare soil, greenhouses and urban areas respectively. Concerning the vertical accuracy in root mean square error (RMSE), the only factor clearly significant (p < 0.05) was the land cover. Overall, WV3 DSM showed slightly better (not significant) vertical accuracy values than WV2. Finally, both software packages achieved similar vertical accuracy for the different land-cover objects and tested sensors. 相似文献
5.
《地理信息系统科学与遥感》2013,50(5):687-710
This study examines best image fusion approaches for generating pansharpened very high resolution (VHR) multispectral images to be utilized for monitoring coastal barrier island development. Selected fusion techniques assessed in this research come from the three categories of spectral substitution (e.g., Brovey transform and multiplicative merging), arithmetic merging (e.g., modified intensity-hue-saturation and principal component analysis), and spatial domain (e.g., high-pass filter, and subtractive resolution merge). The image fusion methods selected for this study were capable of producing pansharpened VHR images with more than three bands. Comparisons of fusion techniques were applied to images from three satellite sensors: United States commercial satellites IKONOS and QuickBird, and the Korean KOMPSAT II. Pansharpened VHR multispectral images were assessed by spectral and spatial quality measurements. Results satisfying both spectral and spatial quality revealed optimum pansharpened techniques necessary for regular coastal mapping of barrier islands. These techniques may also be used to assess the quality of recently available VHR imagery acquired by numerous international, government, and commercial VHR satellite programs. 相似文献
6.
In human cognition, both visual features (i.e., spectrum, geometry and texture) and relational contexts (i.e. spatial relations) are used to interpret very-high-resolution (VHR) images. However, most existing classification methods only consider visual features, thus classification performances are susceptible to the confusion of visual features and the complexity of geographic objects in VHR images. On the contrary, relational contexts between geographic objects are some kinds of spatial knowledge, thus they can help to correct initial classification errors in a classification post-processing. This study presents the models for formalizing relational contexts, including relative relations (like alongness, betweeness, among, and surrounding), direction relation (azimuth) and their combination. The formalized relational contexts were further used to define locally contextual regions to identify those objects that should be reclassified in a post-classification process and to improve the results of an initial classification. The experimental results demonstrate that the relational contexts can significantly improve the accuracies of buildings, water, trees, roads, other surfaces and shadows. The relational contexts as well as their combinations can be regarded as a contribution to post-processing classification techniques in GEOBIA framework, and help to recognize image objects that cannot be distinguished in an initial classification. 相似文献
7.
Soe Win Myint 《国际地球制图》2013,28(4):29-40
Abstract Attempts to analyze urban features and to classify land use and land cover directly from high‐resolution satellite data with traditional computer classification techniques have proven to be inefficient for two primary reasons. First, urban landscapes are composed of complex features. Second, traditional classifiers employ spectral information based on single pixel value and ignore a great amount of spatial information. Texture plays an important role in image segmentation and object recognition, as well as in interpretation of images in a variety of applications. This study analyzes urban texture features in multi‐spectral image data. Recent developments in the very powerful mathematical theory of wavelet transforms have received overwhelming attention by image analysts. An evaluation of the ability of wavelet transform in urban feature extraction and classification was performed in this study, with six types of urban land cover features classified. The preliminary results of this research indicate that the accuracy of texture analysis in classifying urban features in fine resolution image data could be significantly improved with the use of wavelet transform approach. 相似文献
8.
高空间、高时间分辨率的遥感影像对地表与大气环境的实时精细监测具有重要作用,但单一卫星传感器获取的遥感影像存在空间与时间分辨率相互制约的问题,时空融合技术发展成为了低成本、高效生成满足不同应用需求的高时空分辨率遥感影像的有效手段。近年来,国内外学者提出了大量的时空融合算法,但对于复杂的地物类型变化的空间细节修复仍存在挑战,融合影像精度有待提高。对此,本文提出增强型空间像元分解时空遥感影像融合算法(EUSTFM),采用变化检测识别并修复地物类型改变的像元,使空间像元分解过程可同时在已知时相与未知时相进行,以生成空间细节信息准确的中间分辨率影像对,用于最终的邻域相似像元计算,实现了对季节性变化(如植被自然生长)、有形变(如城市土地扩张)及无形变的地物类型变化(如农作物的成熟与收割)等复杂地表变化的一致性预测,提高了融合精度。实验采用两对Landsat-MODIS遥感影像数据集,对比STARFM与FSDAF两种广泛应用的时空融合算法,测试了该算法的影像融合效果。结果表明,本文提出的EUSTFM能够同时实现对季节性变化及复杂的地物类型变化的稳定预测,可生成具有更高精度的融合影像,将有效推动时空影像融合的实际遥感应用。 相似文献
9.
With the availability of very high resolution multispectral imagery, it is possible to identify small features in urban environment. Because of the multiscale feature and diverse composition of land cover types found within the urban environment, the production of accurate urban land cover maps from high resolution satellite imagery is a difficult task. This paper demonstrates the potential of 8 bands capability of World View 2 satellite for better automated feature extraction and discrimination studies. Multiresolution segmentation and object based classification techniques were then applied for discrimination of urban and vegetation features in a part of Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India. The study demonstrates that scale, colour, shape, compactness and smoothness have a significant influence on the quality of image objects achieved, which in turn governs the classified result. The object oriented analysis is a valid approach for analyzing high spatial and spectral resolution images. World View 2 imagery with its rich spatial and spectral information content has very high potential for discrimination of the less varied varieties of vegetation. 相似文献
10.
基于多尺度影像分割的面向对象城市土地覆被分类研究——以马来西亚吉隆坡市城市中心区为例 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
城市受人类活动影响比较大,结构组成比较复杂,对该区域进行分类研究存在一些问题。甚高分辨率遥感影像,以其丰富的细节信息为城市土地覆被分类研究提供了可能。本文结合使用甚高分辨率QuickBird遥感影像和激光扫描LIDAR数据,论述了利用多尺度、多变量影像分割的面向对象的分类技术对马来西亚基隆坡市城市中心区的土地覆被分类研究。针对特定地物选择合适的影像分割特征和分割尺度、按照合理的提取顺序逐步进行城市土地覆被信息提取。在建筑物的提取过程中构建了归一化数字表面模型nDSM,使用成员函数将建筑物信息提取出来。精度评价结果表明,利用该方法得到了理想的城市土地覆被分类结果,其分类总精度从常规面向对象分类方法的83.04%上升到88.52%,其中建筑物生产精度从60.27%增加到93.91%。 相似文献
11.
高光谱影像的引导滤波多尺度特征提取 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了解决高光谱遥感影像分类中单一尺度特征无法有效表达地物类间差异和区分地物边界的不足,提高影像分类精度和改善分类目视解译效果,提出了采用引导滤波提取多尺度的空间特征的方法。首先,利用主成分分析对高光谱影像进行降维,移除噪声并突出主要特征;然后,将第1主成分作为引导影像,将包含信息量最多的若干主成分分别作为输入影像,应用依次增加的滤波半径分别进行引导滤波处理提取多个尺度的特征,获得影像不同尺度的结构信息;最后,将多尺度特征输入分类器中进行影像监督分类。采用仿真数据和帕维亚大学(Pavia University)、帕维亚城区(Pavia Centre)等3幅高光谱实验数据,提取了基于引导滤波的多尺度特征、多尺度形态特征和多尺度纹理特征,输入到支持向量机、随机森林和K近邻分类器中,进行了实验。实验结果表明:采用支持向量机分类Pavia University数据,相对于采用多尺度形态特征的分类结果,引导滤波特征的总体精度提高了6.5%;Pavia Centre和Salinas两幅影像最高分类精度均由引导滤波特征实现,分别达到98.51%和98.39%。实验证实基于引导滤波提取的多尺度特征能有效地描述地物结构,进而获得更高的分类精度和改善目视解译效果。 相似文献
12.
面向对象的高分辨率遥感影像土地覆盖信息提取 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
利用高分辨率影象提取土地覆盖信息的关键技术在于如何利用丰富的纹理信息来弥补光谱信息的不足。面向对象的图像分类技术改变了传统的面向像素的分类技术:(1)用来解译图像的信息并不在单个像元中,而是在图像对象和其相互关系中;采用多分辨率对象分割方法生成图像对象,提高了分类信息的信噪比;基于对象的分类技术不同于纯粹的光谱信息分类,图像对象还包含了许多的可用于分类的一些其他特征:形状、纹理、相互关系、上下关系等信息。面向对象的土地覆盖分类结果与传统分类方法相比,其特征提取算子更加地适合于几何信息和结构信息丰富的高分辨率图像的自动识别分类。 相似文献
13.
高分辨率遥感影像土地利用变化检测方法研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
提出一种利用高分辨率遥感影像进行土地利用变化检测的方法。以土地利用图为辅助数据,通过土地利用图和遥感影像的配准套合,获取影像像斑;同时,对遥感影像进行基于像素的监督分类,获取概略的类别图;再根据像斑内像素的类别编码完成子像斑的划分。以子像斑为影像分析的基本单位提取特征,以相关系数为相似性测度衡量不同时期子像斑的特征相似性,用ROC曲线(接受者操作特性曲线)代替经验选取的方法自动获取变化阈值,确定像斑是否发生变化。以武汉市区局部QuickBird 2002年和2005年多光谱影像、相同地区2002年1∶10 000土地利用图为实验数据进行了算法的实验,结果显示绝大部分的变化区域都可以被提取出来,实验方法可行。 相似文献
14.
Land cover mapping forms a reference base for resource managers in their decision-making processes to guide rural/urban growth and management of natural resources. The aim of this study was to map land cover dynamics within the Upper Shire River catchment, Malawi. The article promotes innovation of automated land cover mapping based on remote sensing information to generate data products that are both appropriate to, and usable within different scientific applications in developing countries such as Malawi. To determine land cover dynamics, 1989 and 2002 Landsat images were used. Image bands were combined in transformations and indices with physical meaning; together with spatial data, to enhance classification accuracy. A maximum likelihood classification for each image was computed for identification of land cover variables. The results showed that the combination of spatial and digital data enhanced classification accuracy and the ability to categorise land cover features, which are relatively inhomogeneous. 相似文献
15.
利用雷达干涉数据进行城市不透水层百分比估算 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
人工不透水层是城市地区的重要特征.作为城市生态环境的关键指数,不透水层百分比(Impervious Surfaces Percentage, ISP)常用于城市水文过程模拟、水质面源污染及城市专题制图等研究中.本文利用ERS-1/2 重复轨道雷达干涉数据,采用分类与回归树(CART)算法探究了雷达遥感在城市ISP估算中的可行性和潜力,并与SPOT5 HRG光学遥感图像的估算结果进行了分析比较.香港九龙港岛实验区的初步研究结果表明,雷达干涉数据在城市不透水层研究中具有一定的应用潜力,特别是裸土和稀疏植被的ISP估算结果要好于光学遥感,这主要得益于雷达干涉数据(特别是长时间相干图像)在人工建筑物和裸土或稀疏植被之间具有很强的区分能力,另外,雷达干涉数据和光学遥感数据间的融合能够提高ISP估算精度. 相似文献
16.
以三江平原具有典型湿地特征的建三江区为例,首先采用不同时间段归一化植被指数（NDVI）差值的变化监测人类活动改变的土地利用变化程度,然后结合遥感图像多尺度分割法,分析湿地系统的8种类型空间干扰格局,计算干扰度（PD）、干扰邻近度（PDD）及二者的相关性。结果表明：研究区土地利用类型变化对多尺度干扰格局的分布有明显影响,耕地、草地和沼泽地总干扰率较高,变化频繁;水域、林地和沼泽在干扰类型C1、C2中分布较广,但干扰值低,面积小;耕地分别占干扰类型C7、C8的74.38%和61.76%,干扰值高且面积大,说明耕地是建三江区湿地系统的主要干扰源。干扰邻近度说明干扰在一定尺度上发生,当干扰度PD＆lt;0.4或PD＆gt;0.7,且干扰邻近度PDD＆gt;PD时,干扰对周边土地类型必定产生影响。本研究为湿地生态系统脆弱性和恢复力的评价提供有效的生态特征指标。 相似文献
17.
The mixed pixel problem affects the extraction of land cover information from remotely sensed images. Super-resolution mapping (SRM) can produce land cover maps with a finer spatial resolution than the remotely sensed images, and reduce the mixed pixel problem to some extent. Traditional SRMs solely adopt a single coarse-resolution image as input. Uncertainty always exists in resultant fine-resolution land cover maps, due to the lack of information about detailed land cover spatial patterns. The development of remote sensing technology has enabled the storage of a great amount of fine spatial resolution remotely sensed images. These data can provide fine-resolution land cover spatial information and are promising in reducing the SRM uncertainty. This paper presents a spatial–temporal Hopfield neural network (STHNN) based SRM, by employing both a current coarse-resolution image and a previous fine-resolution land cover map as input. STHNN considers the spatial information, as well as the temporal information of sub-pixel pairs by distinguishing the unchanged, decreased and increased land cover fractions in each coarse-resolution pixel, and uses different rules in labeling these sub-pixels. The proposed STHNN method was tested using synthetic images with different class fraction errors and real Landsat images, by comparing with pixel-based classification method and several popular SRM methods including pixel-swapping algorithm, Hopfield neural network based method and sub-pixel land cover change mapping method. Results show that STHNN outperforms pixel-based classification method, pixel-swapping algorithm and Hopfield neural network based model in most cases. The weight parameters of different STHNN spatial constraints, temporal constraints and fraction constraint have important functions in the STHNN performance. The heterogeneity degree of the previous map and the fraction images errors affect the STHNN accuracy, and can be served as guidances of selecting the optimal STHNN weight parameters. 相似文献
18.
Resolution vs. image quality in pre-tsunami imagery used for tsunami impact models in Aceh,Indonesia
Land cover roughness coefficients (LCRs) have been used in multivariate spatial models to test the mitigation potential of coastal vegetation to reduce impacts of the 2004 tsunami in Aceh, Indonesia. Previously, a Landsat 2002 satellite imagery was employed to derive land cover maps, which were then combined with vegetation characteristics, i.e., stand height, stem diameter and planting density to obtain LCRs. The present study tested LCRs extracted from 2003 and 2004 Landsat (30 m) images as well as a combination of 2003 and 2004 higher spatial resolution SPOT (10 m) imagery, while keeping the previous vegetation characteristics. Transects along the coast were used to extract land cover, whenever availability and visibility allowed. These new LCRs applied in previously developed tsunami impact models on wave outreach, casualties and damages confirmed previous findings regarding distance to the shoreline as a main factor reducing tsunami impacts. Nevertheless, the models using the new LCRs did not perform better than the original one. Particularly casualties models using 2002 LCRs performed better (δAIC > 2) than the more recent Landsat and SPOT counterparts. Cloud cover at image acquisition for Landsat and low area coverage for SPOT images decreased statistical predictive power (fewer observations). Due to the large spatial heterogeneity of tsunami characteristics as well as topographic and land-use features, it was more important to cover a larger area. Nevertheless, if more land cover classes would be referenced and high resolution imagery with low cloud cover would be available, the full benefits of higher spatial resolution imagery used to extract more precise land use roughness coefficients could be exploited. 相似文献
19.
Obtaining reliable measures of tree canopy height across large areas is a central element of forest inventory and carbon accounting. Recent years have seen an increased emphasis on the use of active sensors like Radar and airborne LiDAR (light detection and scanning) systems to estimate various 3D characteristics of canopy and crown structure that can be used as predictors of biomass. However, airborne LiDAR data are expensive to acquire, and not often readily available across large remote landscapes. In this study, we evaluated the potential of stereo imagery from commercially available Very High Resolution (VHR) satellites as an alternative for estimating canopy height variables in Australian tropical savannas, using a semi-global dense matching (SGM) image-based technique. We assessed and compared the completeness and vertical accuracy of extracted canopy height models (CHMs) from GeoEye 1 and WorldView 1 VHR satellite stereo pairs and summarised the factors influencing image matching effectiveness and quality.Our results showed that stereo dense matching using the SGM technique severely underestimates tree presence and canopy height. The highest tree detection rates were achieved by using the near-infrared (NIR) band of GE1 (8–9%). WV1-GE1 cross-satellite (mixed) models did not improve the quality of extracted canopy heights. We consider these poor detection rates and height retrievals to result from: i) the clumping crown structure of the dominant Eucalyptus spp.; ii) their vertically oriented leaves (affecting the bidirectional reflectance distribution function); iii) image band radiometry and iv) wind induced crown movement affecting stereo-pair point matching. Our detailed analyses suggest that current commercially available VHR satellite data (0.5 m resolution) are not well suited to estimating canopy height variables, and therefore above ground biomass (AGB), in Eucalyptus dominated north Australian tropical savanna woodlands. 相似文献