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1.
利用地下水数值模型MODFLOW和非饱和带水平衡模型对处于半干旱半湿润沙丘地区(Sand Hills)地下水位进行了模拟,并分析了含水层补排水量,河流与地下水补排关系,以及区域水平衡过程。揭示了独特沙丘地形和土壤特性对地下水补排量的影响。模拟结果表明,入渗率大、非饱和带厚的沙丘有利于降水入渗补给,减少了地下水蒸散发损失。加上下覆含水层具有良好的地下水储水空间,是该地区储存丰富的地下水量,以维持河流稳定流量,供给众多湖泊和湿地的原因。该研究对我国地下水资源评价和生态环境脆弱地区水资源保护具有指导意义。 相似文献
2.
目前区域（盆地）地下水流系统模拟研究中,常用的定水头与通量两种上边界条件刻画方法与实际条件存在差距。通过对比两种方法的差异和各自适用条件,采用解析法讨论地下水位的形成控制机制,提出了改进后的变通量上边界数值模型,并以鄂尔多斯盆地北部白垩系地下水流系统为例分析了盆地地下水流系统的形成与影响因素。研究表明,鄂尔多斯盆地北部白垩系水流系统地下水位受地形、补给条件和渗透系数三者共同控制,同时特有的气候、地形和岩性组合通过控制地下水位影响地下水流系统的发育演化。采用变通量上边界法探讨上边界条件改变对盆地水流系统的影响,对深刻认识区域地下水流系统形成演化机制,揭示地下水系统与上边界气候变化、植被生态变化之间的相互作用关系具有一定优势。 相似文献
3.
Lihe Yin Guangcai Hou XiaoSi Su Dong Wang Jiaqiu Dong Yonghong Hao Xiaoyong Wang 《Hydrogeology Journal》2011,19(2):429-443
The characteristics of δD and δ18O in precipitation, groundwater and surface water have been used to understand the groundwater flow system in the Ordos Plateau, north-central China. The slope of the local meteoric water line (LMWL) is smaller than that of the global meteoric water line (GMWL), which signifies secondary evaporation during rainfall. The distribution of stable isotopes of precipitation is influenced by temperature and the amount of precipitation. The lake water is enriched isotopically due to evaporation and its isotopic composition is closely related to the source of recharge and location in the groundwater flow systems. River water is enriched isotopically, indicating that it suffers evaporation. The deep groundwater (more than 150?m) is depleted in heavy isotopes relative to the shallow groundwater (less than 150?m), suggesting that deep groundwater may have been recharged during the late Pleistocene and early Holocene, when the climate was wetter and colder than at present. All groundwater samples plot around the LMWL, implying groundwater is of meteoric origin. Shallow groundwater has undergone evaporation and the average evaporation loss is 53%. There are two recharge mechanisms: preferential flow, and the mixture of evaporated soil moisture and subsequent rain. 相似文献
4.
太行山山前平原地下水补给规律分析:以河北栾城为例 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
采用水均衡法与通量法对太行山山前平原(河北栾城)进行了地下水补给评价,结果表明:近20 a地下水入渗补给量为8～172mm/a(水均衡法),平均值49.3 mm/a,变化幅度大.其中2004年入渗补给量(63mm/a)比采用通量法计算结果(28.2mm/a)大一倍,表明土壤优先流对入渗补给作用显著.年入渗补给量总体上随有效降雨量增加、地下水位下降速率减少、作物实际蒸发蒸腾量减少而增加,但与有效灌溉量和灌溉量之和的相关性不显著.通过长序列地下水位与灌溉量等数据估算得到研究区侧向净补给量为125.2 mm/a,约占地下水总补给量的71.7％(175.4 mm/a),说明地下水主要以侧向补给为主.同时计算了入渗补给与侧向补给地下水的延迟时间,分别为60 a和1个月. 相似文献
5.
Identifying potential sites for artificial groundwater recharge in sub-watershed of River Kanhan,India 总被引：5，自引：3，他引：2
Groundwater is an important decentralized source of drinking water. Being underground, it is relatively less susceptible to
contamination. In addition to domestic needs, it is extensively used for irrigation and industrial purposes. It is therefore
necessary to implement groundwater recharge systems by capturing the rainwater runoff. In the present study, GIS-based hydrological
assessment of watershed has been used to identify the potential sites for locating the groundwater recharge structures. Based
on land use, soil and topography, rainfall runoff modelling was carried out in GIS for a sub-watershed of River Kanhan, in
Nagpur District, Maharashtra State, India. Five potential sites with maximum flow accumulation were delineated using the rational
method for peak runoff estimation. As the groundwater recharge potential also depends on the geological and geomorphological
characteristics of land, analytic hierarchy process (AHP) with expert’s judgement was used for ranking the sites. The criteria
considered in AHP were geological features, i.e. lineament density, depth to bedrock and soil cover; geomorphological features,
i.e. drainage density, slope, landforms and land use/land cover; and water table level fluctuation. The site P5 with maximum
flow accumulation and sandstone rock formation was ranked first. The site P1, where catchment has well-developed drainage
and geological formation shows rock with secondary porosity, was ranked second. 相似文献
6.
地下水与河水相互作用的研究进展 总被引：8，自引：3，他引：8
本文从地下水与河水的水流形态和水位动态变化 ,分析了二者的补排关系 ;详细介绍了地形地貌、水文地质、气候和人为因素等对地下水与河水相互作用的影响 ;综述了研究地下水与河水相互作用的研究方法 ,如野外实验和室内实验方法、动态资料分析方法、基流切割方法、水化学方法、地下水动力学方法等 ;评述了研究河流与含水层相互作用的解析模型和数值模型的发展状况。最后 ,指出多种方法的相互验证、数学模型中补排量和边界的处理、地下水与河水交错带的研究、河流与含水层相互作用的生态意义、加强相关学科的交流与合作将是未来的发展方向。 相似文献
7.
Kuroda Keisuke Hayashi Takeshi Do An Thuan Canh Vu Duc Nga Tran Thi Viet Funabiki Ayako Takizawa Satoshi 《Hydrogeology Journal》2017,25(3):727-742
Over-exploited groundwater is expected to remain the predominant source of domestic water in suburban areas of Hanoi, Vietnam. In order to evaluate the effect on groundwater recharge, of decreasing surface-water bodies and land-use change caused by urbanization, the relevant groundwater systems and recharge pathways must be characterized in detail. To this end, water levels and water quality were monitored for 3 years regarding groundwater and adjacent surface-water bodies, at two typical suburban sites in Hanoi. Stable isotope (δ18O, δD of water) analysis and hydrochemical analysis showed that the water from both aquifers and aquitards, including the groundwater obtained from both the monitoring wells and the neighboring household tubewells, was largely derived from evaporation-affected surface-water bodies (e.g., ponds, irrigated farmlands) rather than from rivers. The water-level monitoring results suggested distinct local-scale flow systems for both a Holocene unconfined aquifer (HUA) and Pleistocene confined aquifer (PCA). That is, in the case of the HUA, lateral recharge through the aquifer from neighboring ponds and/or irrigated farmlands appeared to be dominant, rather than recharge by vertical rainwater infiltration. In the case of the PCA, recharge by the above-lying HUA, through areas where the aquitard separating the two aquifers was relatively thin or nonexistent, was suggested. As the decrease in the local surface-water bodies will likely reduce the groundwater recharge, maintaining and enhancing this recharge (through preservation of the surface-water bodies) is considered as essential for the sustainable use of groundwater in the area.
相似文献8.
内蒙古查汗套海滩生态建设区地下水潜水流动系统由上更新统冲积层孔隙潜水流动子系统（Q3al）、中更新统冲积层孔隙潜水流动子系统（Q2al）、基岩孔隙潜水流动子系统、全新统风成砂孔隙潜水流动子系统（Q4eol）以及全新统冲积孔隙潜水流动子系统（Q4al）组成.其中主要开采地下水目的层为Q3al,其他子系统都为Q3al子系统地下水的补给系统之一.Q3al、Q4eol及基岩潜水流动子系统都接受大气降水入渗补给,最终通过Q3al的东侧边界排入黄河.在天然条件下,Q3al子系统在洪峰、凌汛期受黄河水补给,其他时期排泄于黄河. 相似文献
9.
对北京潮白河冲洪积扇分布区30年来降水量、地表径流量、地下水水位和地下水储存量进行了时间序列分析。结果表明: 过去30年中,区域地下水动态发生了明显变化,特点是1998年以来,地下水位和地下水储存量迅速下降与减少。1998年以来,年降水量为以往多年平均值的76％左右。在储存量变化的影响因素中,降水量减少导致的补给量减少约占24％,人类活动,如工农业地下水开采、应急水源地地下水开采和地表水体入渗减少等因素约占76％。由于未来气候变化的不确定性,在南水北调的水进京后仍可能出现连续枯水年,因此,以丰水年降水进行水源涵养存在较大风险。对于已经处于严重超采状况的潮白河冲洪积扇来说,为了满足未来供水的需要,应急水源地从现在起应减少开采量或停采以逐步恢复地下水储存量。 相似文献
10.
再生水在北京被广泛用于补给河道,2007年底至2017年共有2.3×108 m3再生水补给至潮白河顺义段。其污染物本底值较高（Cl?浓度约62~122 mg/L）,通过河床入渗补给到周边的含水层中,对周边地下水产生一定影响,尤其是浅层地下水。为了定量评价再生水补给河道对周边浅层地下水的影响,基于10年（2007—2017）的地下水监测数据,建立了再生水补给河道周边的地下水水流和溶质运移模型,模拟了受水区浅层地下水的水位和Cl?浓度的变化,分析了浅层地下水水量、Cl?负荷和NO3-N负荷的变化。结果表明,再生水补给河道后的前2年（2007—2009）,河道周边浅层地下水水位迅速抬升了3~4 m,之后在再生水的持续补给下保持稳定。但受深层地下水开采影响,2007—2014年研究区整体浅层地下水的水量仍在下降。2014年底实施地下水压采措施后,浅层地下水水量从2014年底的3.76×108 m3恢复到了2017年底的3.85×108 m3。周边浅层地下水中的Cl?浓度从再生水补给前的5~75 mg/L变化到了补给后的50~130 mg/L,之后保持稳定。浅层地下水水质受再生水影响的范围从2008年底的11.7 km2扩大到2017年的26.7 km2,影响区内的Cl?负荷从2008年底的1.8×103 t增加到2017年底的3.8×103 t,NO3-N负荷从2008年的29.8 t下降到2017年的11.9 t。尽管研究显示影响范围外的浅层地下水质受再生水影响不明显,但潜在的咸化和污染的隐患不容忽视,需要在后续研究中进一步明确。 相似文献
11.
Hydrogeology and sustainable future groundwater abstraction from the Agua Verde aquifer in the Atacama Desert,northern Chile 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Javier Urrutia Jorge Jódar Agustín Medina Christian Herrera Guillermo Chong Harry Urqueta José A. Luque 《Hydrogeology Journal》2018,26(6):1989-2007
The hyper-arid conditions prevailing in Agua Verde aquifer in northern Chile make this system the most important water source for nearby towns and mining industries. Due to the growing demand for water in this region, recharge is investigated along with the impact of intense pumping activity in this aquifer. A conceptual model of the hydrogeological system is developed and implemented into a two-dimensional groundwater-flow numerical model. To assess the impact of climate change and groundwater extraction, several scenarios are simulated considering variations in both aquifer recharge and withdrawals. The estimated average groundwater lateral recharge from Precordillera (pre-mountain range) is about 4,482 m3/day. The scenarios that consider an increase of water withdrawal show a non-sustainable groundwater consumption leading to an over-exploitation of the resource, because the outflows surpasses inflows, causing storage depletion. The greater the depletion, the larger the impact of recharge reduction caused by the considered future climate change. This result indicates that the combined effects of such factors may have a severe impact on groundwater availability as found in other groundwater-dependent regions located in arid environments. Furthermore, the scenarios that consider a reduction of the extraction flow rate show that it may be possible to partially alleviate the damage already caused to the aquifer by the continuous extractions since 1974, and it can partially counteract climate change impacts on future groundwater availability caused by a decrease in precipitation (and so in recharge), if the desalination plant in Taltal increases its capacity. 相似文献
12.
Response of the groundwater system in the Guanzhong Basin (central China) to climate change and human activities 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Wenke Wang Zaiyong Zhang Lei Duan Zhoufeng Wang Yaqian Zhao Qian Zhang Meiling Dai Huizhong Liu Xiaoyan Zheng Yibo Sun 《Hydrogeology Journal》2018,26(5):1429-1441
The Guanzhong Basin in central China features a booming economy and has suffered severe drought, resulting in serious groundwater depletion in the last 30 years. As a major water resource, groundwater plays a significant role in water supply. The combined impact of climate change and intensive human activities has caused a substantial decline in groundwater recharge and groundwater levels, as well as degradation of groundwater quality and associated changes in the ecosystems. Based on observational data, an integrated approach was used to assess the impact of climate change and human activities on the groundwater system and the base flow of the river basin. Methods included: river runoff records and a multivariate statistical analysis of data including historical groundwater levels and climate; hydro-chemical investigation and trend analysis of the historical hydro-chemical data; wavelet analysis of climate data; and the base flow index. The analyses indicate a clear warming trend and a decreasing trend in rainfall since the 1960s, in addition to increased human activities since the 1970s. The reduction of groundwater recharge in the past 30 years has led to a continuous depletion of groundwater levels, complex changes of the hydro-chemical environment, localized salinization, and a strong decline of the base flow to the river. It is expected that the results will contribute to a more comprehensive management plan for groundwater and the related eco-environment in the face of growing pressures from intensive human activities superimposed on climate change in this region. 相似文献
13.
J. Tyler Faith David R. Braun Benjamin Davies Larisa R. G. DeSantis Matthew J. Douglass Irene Esteban Vincent Hare Naomi E. Levin Julie Luyt Robyn Pickering Mitchell J. Power Judith Sealy Deano Stynder 《第四纪科学杂志》2020,35(8):1007-1020
The Pleistocene ungulate communities from the western coastal plains of South Africa's Cape Floristic Region (CFR) are diverse and dominated by grazers, in contrast to the region's Holocene and historical faunas, which are relatively species-poor and dominated by small-bodied browsers and mixed feeders. An expansion of grassy habitats is clearly implied by the Pleistocene faunas, but the presence of ruminant grazers that cannot survive the summer dry season typical of the region today suggests other important paleoecological changes. Here we use dental ecometrics to explore the paleoecological implications of the region's Pleistocene faunas. We show that the dental traits (hypsodonty and occlusal topography) of the ungulates that occurred historically in the CFR track annual and summer aridity, and we use these relationships to reconstruct past aridity. Our results indicate that the Pleistocene faunas signal paleoenvironments that were on average less arid than today, including during the summer, consistent with other lines of evidence that suggest a higher water table and expansion of well-watered habitats. Greater water availability can be explained by lower temperature and reduced evapotranspiration during cooler phases of the Pleistocene, probably coupled with enhanced groundwater recharge due to increased winter precipitation. 相似文献
14.
Groundwater recharge/discharge in semi-arid regions interpreted from isotope and chloride concentrations in north White Nile Rift, Sudan 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Osman A. E. Abdalla 《Hydrogeology Journal》2009,17(3):679-692
Deuterium, oxygen-18 and chloride were analyzed for 84 samples from deep and shallow wells, precipitation and the river White Nile to investigate groundwater recharge/discharge relations in the semi-arid central Sudan. Spatial and vertical variation in isotopic signature and chloride concentration in the groundwater show similar patterns and indicate local recharge and evaporative discharge. Progressive decrease in isotopic composition along the regional groundwater flow path demonstrates aquifer continuity down the NW–SE recharge-discharge path. Isotope-heavy recharged water progressively mixes with lighter older groundwater formed during cooler and humid conditions in the late Pleistocene. However, evaporative fractionation in the flow path’s final reach in the southeast re-enriches the isotopic composition and suggests evaporative loss of groundwater as the plausible discharge mechanism. Chloride concentration increases down the gradient from the recharge area and reaches its peak in the discharge zones indicating: lack of recharge from direct infiltration down the gradient, evaporation and prolonged rock/water interaction. Head differences and increased isotopic concentration in the vicinity of the White Nile suggest recharge from the river from subsurface flow. Reduced chloride content and relatively heavier isotopic composition in the deep groundwater beneath the wadi of Khor Abu Habil indicate recharge from the streambed into the deep aquifer. 相似文献
15.
Sergey Grinevskiy Elena Filimonova Victor Sporyshev Vsevolod Samartsev Sergey Pozdniakov 《Hydrogeology Journal》2018,26(8):2753-2767
Groundwater pumping and changes in climate-induced recharge lead to lower groundwater levels and significant changes in the water balance of a catchment. Water previously discharged as evapotranspiration can become a source of pumpage. Neglecting this effect leads to overestimated streamflow depletion. A small river basin (Sudogda River Basin, Russia) with a boreal climate and with long-term records of groundwater head and streamflow rate (showing that the measured stream depletion is less than the pumping rate) was investigated. The role of evapotranspiration in the water balance was analyzed by a hydrogeological model using MODFLOW-2005 with the STR package; the annual variation in recharge was obtained with the codes Surfbal and HYDRUS. The Sudogda River Basin was classified according to landscape and unsaturated-zone texture classes, and for each classified zone, the unsaturated-zone flow simulation was used to calculate the annual recharge dynamics for the observation period. Calibration of the regional flow model was conducted using flow and head observations jointly for two steady-state flow conditions—natural (before pumping started) and stressed (pumping). The simulations showed that pumped water originates from three sources: intercepted baseflow (75% of the annual total pumping rate), the capture of groundwater evapotranspiration discharge plus increased groundwater recharge (17%), and induced stream infiltration (8%). Additionally, multi-year precipitation records were analyzed to detect any long-term recharge and pumping water-budget changes. The results showed that increasing groundwater recharge by natural precipitation leads to (1) decreased intercepted baseflow and induced streamflow infiltration and (2) increased intercepted evapotranspiration discharge, thereby reducing stream depletion. 相似文献
16.
Sustainable groundwater management requires knowledge of recharge. Recharge is also an important parameter in groundwater flow and transport models. Spatial variation in recharge due to distributed land-us.e, soil texture, topography, groundwater level, and hydrometeorological conditions should be accounted for in recharge estimation. However, conventional point-estimates of recharge are not easily extrapolated or regionalized. In this study, a spatially distributed water balance model WetSpass was used to simulate long-term average recharge using land-use, soil texture, topography, and hydrometeorological parameters in Dire Dawa, a semiarid region of Ethiopia. WetSpass is a physically based methodology for estimation of the long-term average spatial distribution of surface runoff, actual evapotranspiration, and groundwater recharge. The long-term temporal and spatial average annual rainfall of 626 mm was distributed as: surface runoff of 126 mm (20%), evapotranspiration of 468 mm (75%), and recharge of 28 mm (5%). This recharge corresponds to 817 l/s for the 920.12 km2 study area, which is less than the often-assumed 1,000 l/s recharge for the Dire Dawa groundwater catchment. 相似文献
17.
18.
Groundwater mounds and hinge lines are important features related to the interaction of groundwater and lakes. In contrast
to the transient formation of groundwater mounds, numerical simulations indicate that permanent groundwater mounds form between
closely spaced lakes as the natural consequence of adding two net sinks to a groundwater flow system. The location of the
groundwater mound and the position of the hinge lines between the two lakes are intimately related. As the position of the
mound changes there is a corresponding shift in the position of the hinge line. This results in a change in the ratio of groundwater
inflow to outflow (Qi/Qo) for the lake. The response of the lake is an increase or decrease in the lake level. Our simulations indicate that the movement
of the hinge line in a natural system is a consequence of the dynamic interrelationships between recharge, the slope of the
water table upgradient and downgradient of the lake, and the loss of water from the lake by evaporation. The extent of the
seasonal movement of the hinge line will vary from one year to the next depending on local changes in the magnitude of the
hydrologic variables.
Electronic Publication 相似文献
19.
A strong geochemical gradient was observed in the thick overburden aquifer of the Asa drainage basin. Different types of
groundwater occur at different (downslope) locations and groundwater table depths. The following sequence was noticed with
increasing distance downslope or with increasing groundwater table depth:
1. Ca–Mg–HCO3 water at about 390-m groundwater table elevations or upslope locations.
2. Ca–Mg–HCO3–Cl water at middle-slope locations or groundwater table elevations of about 350 m above sea level;
3. Ca–Mg–SO4–Cl water at downslope locations or groundwater table elevations of about 300 m above sea level.
In this basin, changes in the type of water are expected at about every 40–50 m depth from the surface. Statistical analysis
via the determination of the correlation coefficient (r) and regression analysis shows that about 80–99% of the variation in groundwater chemistry is accounted for by the topography,
using the model presented in this paper. The rate of change in the sequence will depend on the permeability of the aquifer,
which determines the rate of groundwater flow and the residence time, and the nature of recharge.
Received: 4 February 1997 · Accepted: 22 July 1997 相似文献
20.
Tianming Huang Zhonghe Pang Jilai Liu Jinzhu Ma John Gates 《Hydrogeology Journal》2017,25(7):2049-2065
Assessing groundwater recharge characteristics (recharge rate, history, mechanisms (piston and preferential flow)) and groundwater age in arid and semi-arid environments remains a difficult but important research frontier. Such assessments are particularly important when the unsaturated zone (UZ) is thick and the recharge rate is limited. This study combined evaluations of the thick UZ with those of the saturated zone and used multiple tracers, such as Cl, NO3, Br, 2H, 18O, 13C, 3H and 14C, to study groundwater recharge characteristics in an integrated loess tableland in the Loess Plateau, China, where precipitation infiltration is the only recharge source for shallow groundwater. The results indicate that diffuse recharge beneath crops, as the main land use of the study area, is 55–71 mm yr?1 based on the chloride mass balance of soil profiles. The length of time required for annual precipitation to reach the water table is 160–400 yrs. The groundwater is all pre-modern water and paleowater, with corrected 14C age ranging from 136 to 23,412 yrs. Most of the water that eventually becomes recharge originally infiltrated in July–September. The Cl and NO3 contents in the upper UZ are considerably higher than those in the deep UZ and shallow groundwater because of recent human activities. The shallow groundwater has not been in hydraulic equilibrium with present near-surface boundary conditions. The homogeneous material of the UZ and relatively old groundwater age imply that piston flow is the dominant recharge mechanism for the shallow groundwater in the tableland. 相似文献