共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
SHANNON O'LEAR 《The Geographical journal》2007,173(3):207-223
After considering how well Azerbaijan's economy follows the trajectory of a 'resource curse' state, this paper investigates the political dimensions of the resource curse evident in Azerbaijan. Of particular interest is how Azerbaijan appears to establish external and internal political legitimacy. These dimensions of sovereignty are not necessarily balanced or present in equal measure. The paper assesses the recent transition in leadership in Azerbaijan as well as Azerbaijan's interactions with, and assessment by, the international community. Additionally, national survey data provide insights into public concerns, satisfaction with government policy, and views on democracy and freedom of expression. The paper concludes that at present there appears to be sufficient public expectation for future benefits, combined with institutional stability, to stave off widespread political instability for the time being. 相似文献
2.
Elena Trubina 《Urban geography》2019,40(4):387-408
The Olympics literature typically makes cities the predominant unit of analysis and investigates how and why certain cities host the Games. This article examines how the international and national self-seeking bureaucratic elites instrumentalize the Games across several spatial scales, with a host city functioning as a stage on which the multi-scalar actors use the Olympics to increase their legitimacy and to coopt large groups of populations and elites. The article offers the concept of multiscalar Olympics legitimacy necessary for the analysis of the organization of mega-events and their consequences for cities. It asks, how the actors at various geographical scales managed and exploited the Games? Drawing on the theories of legitimacy and mega-events, and data from interviews conducted in Russia between 2009 and 2015, I demonstrate that organizers used cooptation of professionals and nationalist legitimization as the instruments facilitating host city involvement in the Olympics. 相似文献
3.
日本海外旅游业的动态研究及其对我国的启示 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
战后日本由于国民经济的高速发展、国民收入的提高、日元的升值、人们价值观的改变和余暇时间的增加，以及日本政府为减少国际贸易摩擦而采取的推动海外旅游的政策，促进了日本人海外旅游的高速发展。作为今后的旅游发展政策，日本政府除了大力发展国内旅游外，重点是吸引外国游客到日本旅游，并继续鼓励日本人到海外旅游，特别是同各国友好城市之间的相互交流，推进日本的国际化进程。 相似文献
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Responding to China's major environmental challenges, researchers are increasingly exploring dynamics between international non-governmental organisations, the nation-state, and local communities. Much less understood are domestic environmental non-governmental organisations (eNGOs) and their interactions with actors across scales. This paper responds by exploring domestic eNGOs and interactions with institutional actors, including international donors, and with levels of Chinese government. The practices of eNGOs in China are influenced by interactions at various scales. Rather than being directly influenced by international partners and simply constrained by state regulations, Chinese eNGOs are embedded in more complex power relations. These interrelationships are exemplified in the operations of Green Watershed, a domestic eNGO working in Yunnan Province. Green Watershed has extensive interactions with international donors and various levels of government as a result of its national campaign and long-term local projects. Relationships between eNGOs’ international donors and the Chinese government are significant in influencing eNGO practice. NGO–government relations in China are inconsistent and constantly changing owing to the diverse interests and priorities of the various levels of government. The impacts of the local practice of Chinese eNGOs are deeply informed by their relationships both at and beyond the local level. Complex interrelationships make it difficult to achieve bottom-up, participatory resource management in China. 相似文献
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文化软实力视角下的日本观光立国战略 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
摘要：2003年,日本政府制定并实施了观光立国战略。从观光立国的内涵、战略任务和战略目标以及进近年来日本政府采取的政策措施来看,观光立国不仅对日本发展国际旅游业、增加国内就业人数和促进地方经济的发展具有非常重要的作用,而且对塑造日本国家的美好形象、增强日本国民的自信心和幸福感等提升文化软实力方面也发挥了不可替代的重要作用。日本借发展旅游业之机提高国家文化软实力的实践经验,可为我国政府制定国家旅游发展战略提供参考。 相似文献
6.
China possesses over 110 international rivers and lakes, among which 41 are major ones and 15 are of great importance. With
the highest concentration of international rivers, the northeast, northwest and southwest regions of China enjoy abundant
transboundary resources and pose complicated ecological security issues. Following the 1950s, relevant studies on international
rivers fall into three periods: 1) the planned economy period of the 1950s–1980s when border development and basic research
were scant; 2) the reform and opening-up period from 1980 to the end of 20th century. Along with the drive of economic globalization
and regional cooperation, development of international rivers was thriving, which filled blanks in the research and narrowed
gaps with international standards. Relevant studies also provided national and local governments with important scientific
grounds for making decisions; 3) since the start of the 21st century, China has integrated its international river studies
across sectors and across international borders. Now both government and scientific institutions pay great attention to transboundary
environmental issues. 相似文献
7.
以1959年《南极条约》为核心的南极条约体系为缔约国确立了非军事化、南极环境保护、南极海洋生物资源养护等宽泛的国际法义务。随着南极条约体系的不断发展,南极人类活动的形式也从早期单一的政府组织的科学考察活动,朝着南极旅游、南极渔业以及南极生物资源勘探等多元化的商业活动方向发展。南极条约体系主要通过国际法层面的视察机制,以及敦促缔约国采取必要的国内立法或其他适当措施的形式具体实施和执行其所确立的原则与规则。不过因视察机制缺乏必要的救济措施、属人管辖限制而造成的对非缔约国执法真空,以及因地理位置遥远、气候环境严酷而导致的法律执行不能等问题依然困扰整个南极机制。面对挑战,南极条约体系应通过强化国际执法合作、完善南极视察机制以及加强公民极地教育等综合执法手段加以积极应对。 相似文献
8.
新中国成立后的民族识别与恢复是中国民族认同研究的宏观背景,以往研究多强调国家建构的外部视角,较少从民族身份赋予的合理性和正统性背后,结合外部与内部的双重视角深入挖掘各相关主体如何参与到民族身份建构的过程。文章采用实地观察、深度访谈、文献法等对务川龙潭仡佬族进行研究,发现地方政府以民族学家梳理的“濮―僚―仡佬”的族源承袭为理论依据,又以文字文本为依据发掘了濮、僚、仡佬与朱砂的关系,切合当下龙潭原住民与朱砂的生产生活,并以之建构其“仡佬族”身份。研究结果显示：“朱砂”的地方性参与了民族身份建构,且在旅游背景下地方再造的过程中,政府通过对“朱砂”的文本、祭祀、景观恢复与再造进行了对“仡佬族”身份的二次建构与强化,反映了地方政府主体对朱砂的地方性视角;但如何更好地进行地方再现,对地方文化的发展将有何影响,如何唤起族群真实的情感,官员、宗族精英、普通民众等不同的地方主体何以凝聚,值得进一步关注和思考。 相似文献
9.
中国国际河流研究进展 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
1IntroductionThe increasing momentum of economic globalization and regional geopolitical cooperation no longer stand as the major drivers of a new world order. Resource and environmental diplomacy are now regarded as new elements establishing future international patterns. Transboundary resources and environmental issues in international river basins have attracted increasing global concern and professional attention. The impact of such issues penetrates into national security, international e… 相似文献
10.
《Urban geography》2013,34(5):411-450
Kyoto is well known as a historical city in Japan long associated with culture, shrines, temples, and craft industries, and more recently with high technology and innovation. It is also the only Japanese city to boast a privately operated research park in its central district. Thanks to local businesses initiatives, the Kyoto Research Park (KRP) is home to a new generation of high-tech ventures, with nearly half of its 240 tenant companies coming from the new media and information technology sectors. In this article, I trace the history of the KRP and set it against recent programs of the national government to enhance Japan's regional and local innovation systems. The distinctive entrepreneurial milieu in Kyoto is also assessed, together with the programs of the Kyoto city government, local universities, and high-tech enterprises. Information was collected through field research conducted in 2005. The effectiveness of the Kyoto Research Park is judged through it ability to form linkages with sources of innovation at the local, national, and international levels, hence the results illustrate the utility of the "local buzz/global pipeline" approach to knowledge creation and innovation within regional clusters. However, in the case of the KRP, this approach has to be placed within broader policy changes in Japan, leading to new approaches to local economic development. 相似文献
11.
“ 中欧班列”陆路运输腹地范围测算与枢纽识别 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
自“一带一路”战略实施以来,中国各地政府大力推进中欧国际班列运输,试图改变传统的对外贸易运输体系,强化提升新欧亚大陆桥运输作用。然而,设施联通、运输价格、货源及复杂的地缘政治环境等问题仍然是制约中欧班列发展的重要因素。为此,本文在分析“中欧班列”运营现状及存在问题基础上,提出实现其高频率常态运营的“轴-辐”运输组织模式。通过构建高、中、低三种运价方案,利用距离—经济成本分析法划分“中欧班列”主要出境口岸的经济腹地范围;并综合考虑各城市的铁路技术指标、集疏运能力和货源—成本等因素,从全国尺度识别出“中欧班列”组织的枢纽城市。 相似文献
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14.
J. Henry Owusu 《The Professional geographer》1998,50(4):418-436
Since the early 1980s, most Sub-Saharan African countries have resorted to structural adjustment programs to reform their ailing economies. Adjustment, however, may provide a convenient means for governments of the adjusting economies and international capital to meet their current economic and political interests, usually by sacrificing the physical environment, with huge environmental costs for the adjusting country. This paper uses Ghana's forestry sector, which has been characterized by a dramatic increase in woodexports since adjustment, to demonstrate a direct link between adjustment and environmental destruction. Ghana's dramatic increase in wood exports, involving a rapid and extensive deforestation, results from the government's need to meet its increasing external debt service obligations, and is exacerbated by the series of massive local currency devaluation required under adjustment “to get prices right.” The systematic reduction in government revenue from devaluation to amortize the increasing debts, keeps the government and indebted wood processing firms on a treadmill of export-based extraction/deforestation. 相似文献
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Policy narratives, landholder engagement, and oil palm expansion on the Malaysian and Indonesian frontiers 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Over recent decades a structural transformation has affected agriculture in the frontier areas of Malaysian Borneo and Outer Island Indonesia with the rapid conversion of agricultural lands, fallows, and formerly forested areas into oil palm. These frontiers have similar positions in the international political economy of oil palm and have complementary resource endowments. In both cases, state planners face the common challenges of finding a disciplined labour force, delivering land for estate development, maintaining local legitimacy, and dealing with local contestation. Yet there are significant differences in systems of governance and policy frameworks regarding land, shifting capacity of state actors to facilitate the transformation of these agrarian frontiers, and changing degrees of local, national and international contestation. Considering the generic and the specific elements at play in each case, this paper argues that analogous policy narratives have shaped the ways in which landholders have been engaged in the process of oil palm expansion in Malaysia and Indonesia. In both cases, with the shift from state-led to neoliberal governance approaches to agricultural development, the 'frontier' has been created and transformed through policy narratives that facilitate the conversion of whole landscapes into oil palm. This has been achieved by obscuring indigenous forms of agriculture and land tenure, while creating reserves of available 'state' or 'idle' customary land, and counterpoising smallholder 'marginality' and 'backwardness' to the modernity of contemporary estate agriculture. 相似文献
17.
With so many sports becoming increasingly popular,sports have come to play an important role in promoting the process of globalization and formatting the world city network(WCN).Previous studies have constructed the WCN based on the distribution of international sport federations (ISFs) and the sites of international sport events (ISEs),but there is still a lack of systematic research on the intercity connections caused by ISEs.Taking three most recent Olympic Games as cases,this paper explores intercity connections and WCN based on ISEs.The results show that (1) the Olympic WCN has city nodes around the world except in Antarctica,and the number and activity values of the cities in host countries may increase intensively during the Olympic Games.(2) A hierarchical city system with four tiers (global central cities,specialized central cities,national central cities and specialized cities) is formed by the intercity connections caused by the Olympic Games.(3) The WCN based on the Olympic Games,is made up of many subnetworks,while many differences occur due to the diverse decisions made by the Organizing Committee for the Olympic Games (OCOG),host cities or even host countries in the events associated with sponsorship activity and publicity activity.This study not only broadens the relevant fields of sports culture-oriented WCN re-search but also explores the instability of the WCN,which makes it an effective reference for WCN research based on ISEs. 相似文献
18.
鄱阳湖自然保护区网络体系建设的探索与尝试 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
鄱阳湖是国际重要湿地,是中国最大的淡水湖,也是亚洲最大的水禽越冬地,是白鹤、东方白鹳、鸿雁和小天鹅等珍稀水禽全球最主要的越冬地之一。为保护好鄱阳湖湿地生态系统,保护好鄱阳湖珍稀水禽及其栖息地,江西省人民政府先后在鄱阳湖建立了15个自然保护区(国家级2个、省级2个,其余为县级),这15个自然保护区构成了原有的自然保护区网络体系。由于县级保护区保护管理功能的缺失,使得原有的自然保护区体系发挥的作用十分有限,因此需要尝试建立新的自然保护区网络体系。新的鄱阳湖自然保护区网络体系由鄱阳湖国家级自然保护区的11个保护管理(监测)站和南矶湿地国家级自然保护区的保护管理站共同组成,同时还包括鄱阳湖区越冬候鸟和湿地联合保护委员会、护鸟员和信息员队伍以及奖励机制。目前,新的网络体系存在新建保护监测站职能不明确和人员不足等问题,一定程度上制约了保护管理功能的发挥。为更好地发挥鄱阳湖自然保护区网络体系的作用,加强鄱阳湖自然保护区网络体系的建设十分必要,建议国家和地方政府给予更多的政策和资金支持。 相似文献
19.
Progress of economic geography in China’s mainland since 2000 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Economic geography in China’s mainland has developed in a different way from that in many other countries. On the one hand, it has been increasingly active in participating in academic dialogues and knowledge development led by Anglophone countries; on the other hand, it takes practice-based and policy-oriented research, i.e. satisfying the demands from the Chinese government and society, as the linchpin of research. Since there has been a lot of literature reviewing the development of economic geography in the country before the new millennium, this paper will make a comprehensive analysis of the discipline in 2000–2015, based on a bibliometric survey and research projects done by Chinese economic geographers. The analysis indicates that (1) economic geography research in China’s mainland is unevenly distributed but concentrated in several leading institutions; (2) traditional research fields like human-nature system, regional disparity, industrial location and transportation geography remain dominant while new topics such as globalization, multinational corporations and foreign direct investments, information and communication technology, producer services, climate change and carbon emission emerge as important research areas; (3) Chinese economic geography is featured by policy-oriented research funded by government agencies, having considerable impacts on regional policy making in China, both national and regional. To conclude, the paper argues that the development of economic geography in China’s mainland needs to follow a dual track in the future, i.e. producing knowledge for the international academic community and undertaking policy-oriented research to enhance its role as a major consulting body for national, regional and local development. 相似文献
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ABSTRACT. Twenty‐five million Americans play golf on the nation's 16,000 courses each year. These golf courses constitute a significant national landscape feature. Since 1878, when the game arrived in the United States, golf has filtered down the urban, economic, and social hierarchies to become accepted by and accessible to most Americans. During the ensuing thirteen decades the number, location, and layout of the nation's golf courses have responded to many of the same driving forces that impacted the nation, including decentralization, growth of the middle class, war, economic depression, suburbanization, and the increasing role of the federal government. Four epochs of golf‐course growth and diffusion show the growing acceptance of the sport and depict where courses were most likely to be constructed as a result of the prevailing forces of each epoch. 相似文献