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俞建康 《测绘与空间地理信息》2017,(4)
在铁路等线性工程控制测量中,由于线路跨度大、高差变化大,其所带来的长度形变也就大。本文分析了长度变形的原因,介绍如何确定高程投影面。结合衢宁铁路勘测定界控制测量,对选择不同的中央子午线、高程投影面进行了详细分析,通过长度变形数据对比,建立适合线性工程需要的坐标系。 相似文献
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高斯投影是等角横切椭圆柱投影,具有等角性质,面积与长度均存在一定变形。现选取1∶10 000与1∶2 000比例尺图幅为数据基础,计算椭球梯形面积图幅与高斯投影面面积的差值,分析中央子午线和投影高程面变化所带来的影响。结果表明:图幅距离中央子午线越远其面积变形越大;投影面高程越大,其相对于椭球面面积变形越大,呈线性变化;大比例图幅能较好地控制误差。 相似文献
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路线测量中选择平面坐标系时,地形起伏相对路线长度带来的困难较大,为有效抑制投影边长变形,需要改变坐标投影面。而变动投影面使已有控制点的坐标转换计算变得比较复杂,不仅要计算出新的椭球参数和一切计算常数,而且往往由于计算的方法不统一,产生不同的转换结果,尤其是纵坐标可能会达到亚米级的差异。为了避免出现这些问题,从理论上推导出一套既简便又严密的不同投影面间坐标换算的方法。 相似文献
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在独立坐标系的建立过程中,投影面的选取是一个非常重要的问题。传统的投影面选取方法是选取各个控制点的平均高程面作为投影面,这种做法虽然简单,但是在某些高海拔地区或山区往往由于控制点少且分布不均匀,无法较为准确地计算投影变形来选取投影面。提出了一种基于航天飞机雷达地形测绘任务全球地形起伏数据的可视化选取投影面的方法,可以直观、准确地选取测区投影高程面。与传统方法相比,该方法能够在测区内均匀地选取格网点,克服了传统方法控制点少的缺点,并且利用GMT(generic mapping tools)软件将投影变形按区域直观地呈现出来,实现了投影面选取的可视化。 相似文献
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《International Journal of Digital Earth》2013,6(1):80-87
Abstract Cultures throughout the world are associating with the rivers. People depend upon the rivers and their tributaries for food, water, transport, and many other aspects of their daily lives. Unfortunately, human beings have not calculated the accurate lengths for the great rivers even today. The lengths of the rivers are very different in popular textbooks, magazines, atlases and encyclopedias, etc. To accurately determine the lengths of the principal rivers of the world, the combination of satellite image analysis and field investigations to the source regions is proposed in this paper. The lengths of the Nile, Amazon, Yangtze, Mississippi, Yellow, Ob, Yenisey, Amur, Congo and Mekong, with lengths over or close to 5000 km, were calculated using the proposed method. The results may represent the most reliable and accurate lengths of the principal rivers of the world that are currently achievable. 相似文献
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软科学这一术语是70年代在国外提出的.然而30多年以来,它在国外不仅未得到普遍的承认,而且对软科学的定义也还未能达成大体上一致的共识.而在改革开放后的中国,出于决策科学化和民主化的需要,经过一些领导人的提倡和支持,特别是通过1986年召开的软科学座谈会及1994年召开的全国软科学工作会议,软科学事业得到了蓬勃的发展.据初步统计,截止1998年底全国共有软科学研究机构1224个,研究人员32655人,初步形成了一支较为强大的研究队伍,并取得了数百项覆盖多个领域的研究成果,为支持各级各类的决策发挥了一定的作用. 相似文献
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Tobias Nilsson Benedikt Soja Kyriakos Balidakis Maria Karbon Robert Heinkelmann Zhiguo Deng Harald Schuh 《Journal of Geodesy》2017,91(7):857-866
The very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) Intensive sessions are typically 1-h and single-baseline VLBI sessions, specifically designed to yield low-latency estimates of UT1-UTC. In this work, we investigate what accuracy is obtained from these sessions and how it can be improved. In particular, we study the modeling of the troposphere in the data analysis. The impact of including external information on the zenith wet delays (ZWD) and tropospheric gradients from GPS or numerical weather prediction models is studied. Additionally, we test estimating tropospheric gradients in the data analysis, which is normally not done. To evaluate the results, we compared the UT1-UTC values from the Intensives to those from simultaneous 24-h VLBI session. Furthermore, we calculated length of day (LOD) estimates using the UT1-UTC values from consecutive Intensives and compared these to the LOD estimated by GPS. We find that there is not much benefit in using external ZWD; however, including external information on the gradients improves the agreement with the reference data. If gradients are estimated in the data analysis, and appropriate constraints are applied, the WRMS difference w.r.t. UT1-UTC from 24-h sessions is reduced by 5% and the WRMS difference w.r.t. the LOD from GPS by up to 12%. The best agreement between Intensives and the reference time series is obtained when using both external gradients from GPS and additionally estimating gradients in the data analysis. 相似文献
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In this letter, we are trying to resolve the electromagnetic problem for the movements of the superconducting particles of the protoplanetary cloud in the magnetic field of Saturn. The force of levitation (Meissner-Ochsenfeld phenomenon) is introduced to the field of planetary science for the first time. It is shown from our theoretical analysis that rings of Saturn might have a superconducting origin, and rings might levitate within magnetic equator plane of the planet. 相似文献
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跟踪世界发展动态 致力地球重力场研究 总被引：12，自引：6，他引：12
宁津生 《武汉大学学报(信息科学版)》2001,26(6):471-475
比较系统、扼要地叙述了笔者所在单位40余年来坚持跟踪世界发展动态，致力于地球重力场理论和方法的研究，并从教学和生产需要出发，在地球重力场研究方面所获得的一些有理论意义和实用价值的成果。 相似文献