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在简要阐明参考系、参考架及其历史重大进程的基础上,对几种重要的、最新规范的参考系/参考架(质心天球参考系和地心天球参考系、国际天球参考系、国际地球参考系、太阳系动力学参考系等)的定义、实现和特点作了评述和分析,并对最新规范中与参考系、参考架有关的某些新概念的定义和新模式的应用(自2003年开始贯彻),如:天球中介极(CIP)、天球历书原点(CEO)、地球历书原点(TEO)、地球自转角的新定义、岁差-章动新模式的应用,作了阐述和讨论。 相似文献
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本文简述了国际天球参考架的发展历史和现在射电参考架的现状—基准源选择的标准和参考架的稳定性。描述了地面上光学观测在依巴谷参考架的维持和加密的一系列工作。介绍由天体测量卫星GAIA和SIM给出的天球参考架可能逵到的精度。详述了在今后十年中地面天体测量的作用以及正在开展有关天球参考架的研究课题 ,同时也列出了我国正在和即将开展天体测量的几个研究课题 相似文献
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天体测量学是天文学中最古老的分支之一, 它是天文学的基础, 对天体物理学和大地测量学的许多方面至关重要.天体测量学的核心任务之一就是建立一个高精度天文参考系, 以便利用这样的惯性参照系来描述天体的位置和运动、研究银河系的运动学特征及对同一天体在不同波段的对应体进行位置认证和比较.当前的天文参考系是参照银河系外天体(主要是活动星系核)的位置来定义的, 称为国际天球参考系(ICRS).在实测上, 与之相对应的基本星表为国际天球参考架(ICRF), 它由甚长基线干涉测量(VLBI)技术在S/X、K和X/Ka波段的观测资料解算而得, 位置精度达到数十微角秒($\mathrm{\mu as}$)水平.另一方面, Gaia卫星的观测也将在光学波段建立类似精度的光学参考架(Gaia-CRF).ICRF与Gaia-CRF的连接成为天体测量领域需要解决的重大问题之一, 这要求对ICRF与Gaia-CRF参考架特性进行细致深入的分析. 首先, 分析了ICRF的整体特性.VLBI星表的内部符合精度估计值在$\mathrm{10\mu as}$和$\mathrm{40\mu as}$之间, 依赖于射电源的观测次数.这一结果一方面验证了ICRF3星表给出的位置噪声水平, 也说明了VLBI技术在天体测量方面的潜力.利用Gaia的河外源位置为参考, 分析了历代ICRF星表的外部符合精度, 指出ICRF3 X/Ka波段参考架存在约$\mathrm{200\mu as}$的系统误差.最后, 发明了一种评估射电源全天分布均匀性的量化指标并改进了ICRF定义源筛选策略, 结果表明相较于ICRF2而言, 这一方法能将ICRF轴指向稳定性提高2至3倍.这些工作很好地解释并补充了国际上ICRF3工作组的相关结果. 其次, 研究Gaia-CRF的参考架性质.使用了相对于依巴谷参考架的全局旋转和结合银河系动力学分析两种方法来评估Gaia-CRF1的惯性水平, 指出Gaia-CRF1可能存在约$\mathrm{0.3mas\cdot yr^{-1}}$的剩余旋转.对于Gaia-CRF2, 研究了其系统精度与河外源样本极限星等的依赖关系, 发现Gaia-CRF2的整体精度几乎不受星等差的影响.这一结果可作为未来ICRF与Gaia-CRF连接源选择的参考. 活动星系核的光学-射电位置差是影响参考架连接精度的重要因素之一.本文首次将光学-射电位置差研究延伸到K和Ka波段, 并研究其与河外源性质参数的相关性, 发现: 光学-射电位置差与星等的相关性是由于星等差而非真实的物理原因造成的, 因此在前人工作中被忽略的暗源也有可能作为ICRF与Gaia-CRF连接源.此外, 本文提出了一种新的参考架连接方法, 即在Gaia-CRF2框架下重新处理VLBI的历史观测资料.先期结果发现使用Gaia-CRF2来替代ICRF3尚不足以显著提高VLBI产品的精度, 但未来在Gaia-CRF参考架精度进一步提高后, 此方法仍值得进一步检验. 本文的研究, 一方面指出了ICRF与Gaia-CRF参考架中可能存在的种种问题, 另一方面也为将来光学与射电参考架连接提供了第一手的参考资料. 相似文献
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第三代国际天球参考架(the 3rd realization of the International Celestial Reference Frame, ICRF3)于2019年1月1日起,代替其前代参考架第二代国际天球参考架(the 2nd realization of the International Celestial Reference Frame, ICRF2)成为最新的国际天球参考架,与国际天球参考系(the International Celestial Reference System, ICRS)在ICRF2的误差范围内指向一致。ICRF3发表后,在诸多领域中都发挥着至关重要的作用。ICRF3的新特点也给其数据的使用带来了影响。详细介绍ICRF3的基本性质,并对ICRF3的使用方法进行说明,还将ICRF3内部三个波段参考架,以及ICRF3与Gaia-CRF3进行了比较,检验了ICRF3参考架的稳定性,讨论了其中可能存在的系统误差。 相似文献
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本文评述了在建立历表参考架和恒星参考架过程中所面临的问题和困难，回顾了建立河外射电天球参考架的发展历史，并介绍了其目前状况，讨论了河外射电天球参考架在与其他天球参考架连接过程中所遇到的问题及其可能的解决途径。 相似文献
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本文评述了在建立历表参考架和恒星参考架过程中所面临的问题和困难，回顾了建立河外射电天球参考架的发展历史，并介绍了其目前状况，讨论了河外射电天球参考架在与其他天球参考架连接过程中所遇到的问题及其可能的解决途径。 相似文献
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本文分析了１９９２年至１９９５年期间国际地球自转服务（ＩＥＲＳ）天球参考架的指向维持情况，结合１９８８年至１９９２年的指向维持情况指出，该参考架在１９８８年至１９９５年期间历年的指向均存在显著变化，赤经零点和天极的最大年度漂移约为０．４ｍａｓ。至１９９５年，ＩＥＲＳ天球参考架的赤经零点和天极与各自预期位置的偏差不于０．４ｍａｓ。１９９４年和１９９５年的ＩＥＲＳ天球参考架基本上维持了１９９３年的ＩＥＲＳ天球参考指向，但是其实际维持精度约为０．０５ｍａｓ，并非０．００５ｍａｓ。０．００５ｍａｓ的维持精度只是数学上的平均效果，相当一部分基本源在相邻年度的ＩＥＲＳ天球参考架中的坐标差大于０．５ｍａｓ，这说明只有采用恰当的消除局部相对形变的方法，才能将天球参考架的指向真正维持在较高水平。 相似文献
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本文讨论了ＩＥＲＳ的ＲＳＣ８８Ｃ０１实现过程中在有关基本源选取和参考架定向确定等方面存在的问题，分析了它们对ＩＥＲＳ天球参考架的影响，提出了建立和维持高精度天球参考架的几点建议。 相似文献
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天球和地球历书原点 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
国际天球参考系的使用、观测精度的提高和方法的改善要求采用与地球轨道运动无关的运动赤道上的起算点，Guinot提出的非旋转原点可作为这样一种选择。非旋转原点依赖于天球参考极。IAU决定从2003年起采用天球中间极作为天球参考极。非旋转原点在天球参考系的使用，可给出在天球中间极赤道上的天球历书原点，非旋转原点在地球参考系的使用，可给出在天球中间极赤道上的地球历书原点。回顾了非旋转原点的概念、以历书原点为参考的天球参考系和地球参考系的坐标变换，经出了在微角秒精度下天球参考极的坐标和历书原点的位置，讨论了采用历书原点对测定UT1的影响，指出当岁差章动模型、天极补偿、分点改正得到改善时，基于历书原点的UT1定义不需要更改，从而保证了UT1的连续。 相似文献
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According to the decision of the International Astronomical Union (IAU), since 1998 the International Celestial Reference System has been realized by the ICRF catalogue of extragalactic radio source positions obtained from VLBI observations. Over the past years, the accuracy of the ICRF catalogue data has been increased only through an increase in the number and quality of observations and an improvement in the methods of their processing. Both the first ICRF version and the new ICRF2 version adopted by the IAU in 2009 are based on the catalogues obtained at the same VLBI data processing center. However, the experience of classical astrometry shows that a significant increase in the accuracy of the International Celestial Reference Frame can be achieved by creating combined catalogues, such as the fundamental catalogues of star positions. The same approach was applied to improve the ICRF catalogue. Even the first experience of such a combined solution has shown its high efficiency. Here, a new combined catalogue of radio source positions PUL(2013)C02 is presented. Mainly classical methods based on the expansion of the systematic differences between the input catalogues into series of orthogonal functions with additional improvements have been applied for its creation. Comparison of the combined catalogue obtained with the ICRF2 catalogue has shown that the latter is most likely not devoid of systematic errors at a level of 15–20 μas. 相似文献
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Ladislav Husar 《Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy》2013,115(1):81-89
The article analyzes the precession–nutation variations in right ascension of stars after the introduction Celestial Intermediate Origin (CIO) as a new origin of the right ascensions. It points out that changes in right ascension depend not only on the motion of the origin, but also on the changes of the pole and hour circles, depending on the position of stars. This explains the apparent paradox that, for certain groups of stars, despite the almost complete elimination of the precession and nutation motion of the CIO on the equator, the magnitude of the variations in right ascension related to the CIO can exceed the magnitude of the classic variations referred to the equinox. 相似文献
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Raymonde Barthalot 《Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy》1990,50(2):197-198
Book review
Relativity in astrometry, Celestial mechanics and geodesySoffel, M. H.: 1989, Springer Verlag, DM 98. (Hardcover) (ISBN 3-540-18906-8) 相似文献15.
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V. Bak&#;&#; E. Budding A. Erdem H. Bak&#;&#; O. Demircan P. Hadrava 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2006,370(4):1935-1945
New spectroscopy of the classical Algol system δ Lib, combined with high-quality optical and infrared photometry, provides the basis for a good understanding of the close binary system's main parameters. Detailed analysis of the photometry reveals the significant role of a third light source, pointing to the existence of a companion to the eclipsing system of mass ∼1 M⊙ .
We review the methodology of applying high-accuracy positional information, available from the Hipparcos Intermediate Astrometric Data archive, to stars that may have such companions. Analysis of the astrometry of δ Lib also points to a third star similar to the one already identified by Worek from radial-velocity data, although with slightly revised parameters. O–C data do not contradict this, but their general precision (while confirming the close pair's Algol status) fails to allow a decision on the third orbit parameters: Worek's or revised ones. Taking the photometry, spectroscopy and astrometry together, however, the existence of a third star of comparable mass to the Sun, as a relatively close companion to the eclipsing binary (∼4 au), is confirmed. 相似文献
We review the methodology of applying high-accuracy positional information, available from the Hipparcos Intermediate Astrometric Data archive, to stars that may have such companions. Analysis of the astrometry of δ Lib also points to a third star similar to the one already identified by Worek from radial-velocity data, although with slightly revised parameters. O–C data do not contradict this, but their general precision (while confirming the close pair's Algol status) fails to allow a decision on the third orbit parameters: Worek's or revised ones. Taking the photometry, spectroscopy and astrometry together, however, the existence of a third star of comparable mass to the Sun, as a relatively close companion to the eclipsing binary (∼4 au), is confirmed. 相似文献
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Yoshio Kubo 《Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy》2011,110(2):143-168
Under perturbations from outer bodies, the Earth experiences changes of its angular momentum axis, figure axis and rotational
axis. In the theory of the rigid Earth, in addition to the precession and nutation of the angular momentum axis given by the
Poisson terms, both the figure axis and the rotational axis suffer forced deviation from the angular momentum axis. This deviation
is expressed by the so-called Oppolzer terms describing separation of the averaged figure axis, called CIP (Celestial Intermediate
Pole) or CEP (Celestial Ephemeris Pole), and the mathematically defined rotational axis, from the angular momentum axis. The
CIP is the rotational axis in a frame subject to both precession and nutation, while the mathematical rotational axis is that
in the inertial (non-rotating) frame. We investigate, kinematically, the origin of the separation between these two axes—both
for the rigid Earth and an elastic Earth. In the case of an elastic Earth perturbed by the same outer bodies, there appear
further deviations of the figure and rotational axes from the angular momentum axis. These deviations, though similar to the
Oppolzer terms in the rigid Earth, are produced by quite a different physical mechanism. Analysing this mechanism, we derive
an expression for the Oppolzer-like terms in an elastic Earth. From this expression we demonstrate that, under a certain approximation
(in neglect of the motion of the perturbing outer bodies), the sum of the direct and convective perturbations of the spin
axis coincides with the direct perturbation of the figure axis. This equality, which is approximate, gets violated when the
motion of the outer bodies is taken into account. 相似文献
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S. Debarbat 《Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy》1980,22(1):35-55
The Danjon astrolabe, first designed for the determination of time and latitude, has been used successfully for the improvement of star catalogues. From the very beginning of the sixities, it has also been used for planetary observations. From that time, systematic campaigns have been performed in various observatories and all major planets have been observed.The accuracy is of the same order of magnitude as that obtained with other instruments working in the field of positional astronomy. In this case, the instrument can contribute, by means of, meridian circles and astrographs to increase the available amount of observations for the purposes of celestial mechanics.Such observations for theories and ephemerides, issued from their improvements, would be of interest, the errors of the present ones being of the order-in some cases-of one arc-second, determined at the precision of a tenth of this value.Several improvements of the astrolabe have been taken into account such as the one which allows observations at different zenith distances. The length of arcs of trajectory for planets will increase and, with an adequate plate, it is now possible to observe the Sun. All the improvements, including a photoelectric device, will contribute to increasing the capability and the accuracy of the astrolabe, which is of interest in the field of planetary observations.Such a contribution, as well as those from the other classical instruments, will serve as a reference for the new technics such as radioastrometry, interferometry and space astrometry. This review paper must be considered as the contribution of the astrolabe to the various fields in which astrometry has to work at the present time.
Presented at the Symposium Star Catalogues, Positional Astronomy and Celestial Mechanics, held in honor of Paul Herget at the U.S. Naval Observatory, Washington, November 30, 1978. 相似文献
Presented at the Symposium Star Catalogues, Positional Astronomy and Celestial Mechanics, held in honor of Paul Herget at the U.S. Naval Observatory, Washington, November 30, 1978. 相似文献
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P. K. Seidelmann 《Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy》1996,66(1):97-106
The introduction of the extragalactic reference frame and the availability of the Hipparcos and Tycho catalogs will have major impacts on changing the accuracy levels of astrometry in the future.There is a need for accurate densification of the reference frames down to at least 20th magnitude, Also accurate space motions and distances will be required. The ground based observations must be supplemented by space missions. In addition to traditional positional astrometry, the scientific applications of planetary detection, distance scales, multiple star systems, mass detections, solar system motions and geodesy will be advanced by the new accuracies. 相似文献