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1.
Reza Rafiee Abdolrassoul Salman Mahiny Nematolah Khorasani 《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》2009
Green spaces play important functions in urban environments. Reducing air pollution, providing shade and habitat for arboreal birds, producing oxygen, providing shelter against winds, recreational and aesthetic qualities and architectural applications are the main functions of urban green spaces. With the rapid change of urban area in Mashad city during the past decades, green spaces have been fragmented and dispersed causing impairment and dysfunction of these important urban elements. The objective of this study was to detect changes in extent and pattern of green areas of Mashad city and to analyze the results in terms of landscape ecology principles and functioning of the green spaces. In this research, we classified a Landsat TM and an IRS LISS-III image belonging to the years 1987 and 2006, respectively. We then used a post-classification comparison to determine the changes in green space areas of Mashad city during the 19 years covered by the images. Then, we applied landscape ecology calculations to derive metrics that quantified pattern of the changes in the green areas. The results showed that during 19 years from 1987, a significant decrease had occurred in the extent of urban green spaces with a concomitant fragmentation resulting in downgrading and destruction of the functions and services these areas provide. We conclude that the general quality of life in the central parts of the city has been diminished. We also state that a combination of remote sensing image classification, landscape metrics assessment and vegetation indices can provide a tool for assessing life quality and its trend for urban areas. 相似文献
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景观格局是研究景观功能和动态的基础。景观指数分析在土地利用/土地覆盖、生态系统服务、森林监控、城市蔓生以及生物多样性等方面应用广泛。现有许多景观指数之间存在不同程度的相关性,不仅导致信息冗余,还将影响结果解译的清晰性和准确性。同时,已有研究主要针对栅格数据,针对矢量数据的景观指数分析研究较少。为解决上述问题,以广州市土地利用景观格局为例,在矢量数据格式下计算了44个常用的景观指数,并运用相关分析和因子分析相结合的多元统计分析法,提取了6个核心景观指数,这些指数描述了广州市土地利用景观格局的6个维度:景观破碎度、平均斑块面积、平均形状复杂度、空间分散度、形状复杂度差异和土地类型的相似性。 相似文献
4.
由于传统二维景观格局指数未考虑地形特征对景观格局指数的影响,为进一步研究地形结构对景观格局指数的影响,以重庆主城区为研究对象,利用ENVI5.2、ArcGIS10.5、Fragstats4.2平台,对重庆主城区不同城市化阶段的Landsat影像数据进行土地利用变化和三维景观格局分析。结果表明,2008-2018年研究区土地利用面积发生了较大变化,表现为林地和建设用地增加,耕地减少,湖泊与河流面积变化不大;景观格局变化主要表现为景观受人类干扰较强,随着城镇规划越来越合理,景观破碎度减少,景观异质性降低。通过对比二维景观格局指数发现,三维景观格局指数更能反映研究区的景观格局。 相似文献
5.
以淮南煤矿区泥河小流域1987、1994、2000、2006、2009、2013、2017年7期多源遥感影像为数据源,结合纹理和光谱特征,利用支持向量机（SVM）对遥感影像进行分类,在此基础上分析了煤炭开采对泥河小流域近30年土地利用和景观格局变化的影响。结果表明：煤炭开采影响下流域的土地利用变化最显著的特征是耕地和建设用地的相互转变及耕地向塌陷水体的转变,30年间塌陷水体和建设用地分别增加了2 281.05、14 741.73 hm2,耕地减少了15 044.67 hm2。采煤驱动下,流域景观格局变化特征体现在以2006年为转折点,前期呈现破碎化、不规则化、异质化和低连通性变化的特征,之后呈现连续化、规则化、均衡化及高连通性变化的特征。建设用地、耕地和塌陷水体经历了不断破碎化到景观逐渐完善的过程;耕地、建设用地和自然水体斑块形状较为复杂;耕地优势性逐渐减弱,最大斑块指数由79.706 0降为38.745 5,塌陷水体和建设用地的优势性增强。 相似文献
6.
Rapid urbanization threatens urban green spaces and vegetation, demonstrated by a decrease in connectivity and higher levels of fragmentation. Understanding historic spatial and temporal patterns of such fragmentation is important for habitat and biological conservation, ecosystem management and urban planning. Despite their potential value, Local Indicators of Spatial Autocorrelation (LISA) measures have not been sufficiently exploited in monitoring the spatial and temporal variability in clustering and fragmentation of vegetation patterns in urban areas. LISA statistics are an important structural measure that indicates the presence of outliers, zones of similarity (hot spots) and of dissimilarity (cold spots) at proximate locations, hence they could be used to explicitly capture spatial patterns that are clustered, dispersed or random. In this study, we applied landscape metrics, LISA indices to analyse the temporal variability in clustering and fragmentation patterns of vegetation patches in Harare metropolitan city, Zimbabwe using Landsat series data for 1994, 2001 and 2017. Analysis of landscape metrics showed an increase in the fragmentation of vegetation patches between 1994–2017 as shown by the decrease in mean patch size, an increase in number of patches, edge density and shape complexity of vegetation patches. The study further demonstrates the utility of LISA indices in identifying key hot spot and cold spots. Comparatively, the highly vegetated northern parts of the city were characterised by significantly high positive spatial autocorrelation (p < 0.05) of vegetation patches. Conversely, more dispersed vegetation patches were found in the highly and densely urbanized western, eastern and southern parts of the city. This suggest that with increasing vegetation fragmentation, small and isolated vegetation patches do not spatially cluster but are dispersed geographically. The findings of the study underline the potential of LISA measures as a valuable spatially explicit method for the assessment of spatial clustering and fragmentation of urban vegetation patterns. 相似文献
7.
Since there is an increasing demand for integrating landscape ecology and urban planning theories to study complex urban ecosystems and establish rational and ecological urban planning, we introduced a new concept-urban functional landscapes which can be reclassified based on detailed land use data to fulfill the various urban functions, such as residential, commercial, industrial, and infrastructure purposes. In this paper, urban functional landscapes were defined based on urban land use data produced from Pleiades images, and then landscape metrics and population density were combined to identify the urban functional zones along an urban–rural gradient. The features of urban functional landscape patterns and population density were also analyzed, and their relationship has been explored. The results showed that the pattern of urban functional landscapes and population density in the urban functional zones (Urban center, Urban peripheral area, Landscape barrier, Satellite city and Far-suburb) along the urban–rural gradient in Xiamen doesn't totally conform to the classical theories in spatial and social aspects. Urban functional landscapes is potential of acting as bridges between the landscape ecology and urban planning theories, providing scientific support for rational urban landscape planning and urban land use policy making. 相似文献
8.
Assessment of forest fragmentation in the conservation priority Dudhwa landscape,India using FRAGSTATS computed class level metrics 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The Dudhwa landscape, a priority conservation area representing Terai ecosystem (woodland-grassland-wetland complex) has witnessed
a sea change in past 150 years or so on account of long history of forest management, changes in land use, and rapid economic
development. We assessed fragmentation in two constituent protected areas (Dudhwa National Park-DNP and Katerniaghat Wildlife
Sanctuary-KAT) of the landscape due to forest management activities (clear cutting, development of rail and road network,
and plantations) and compared the magnitude among them using select metrics at the forest class level. We applied FRAGSTATS
spatial pattern analysis software (ver.3.3) on different forest classes deciphered by land use/ cover maps generated using
IRS P6 LISS IV digital data. Study amply revealed that the forests in DNP are less fragmented and of better habitat quality
than forests of KAT. The set of seven metrics (patch density, mean patch size, edge density, mean shape index, mean core area,
mean nearest neighbour, and interspersion and juxtaposition index) at the class level quantified in the present study are
simple and proved useful for quantifying complex spatial processes and can be used as an effective means of monitoring in
Dudhwa landscape. 相似文献
9.
Cong Xie Leiguang Wang Xing Fang Wenzhi Liao 《International Journal of Digital Earth》2018,11(11):1085-1102
China has experienced unprecedented urbanization in the past decades, resulting in dramatic changes in the physical, limnological, and hydrological characteristics of lakes in urban landscapes. However, the spatiotemporal dynamics in distribution and abundance of urban lakes in China remain poorly understood. Here, we characterized the spatiotemporal change patterns of urban lakes in China’s major cities between 1990 and 2015 using remote-sensing data and landscape metrics. The results showed that the urban lake landscape patterns have experienced drastic changes over the past 25 years. The total surface area of the urban lakes has decreased by 17,620.02?ha, a decrease of 24.22%, with a significant increase in the landscape fragmentation and a reduction in shape complexity. We defined three lake-shrinkage types and found that vanishment was the most common lake-shrinkage pattern, followed by edge-shrinkage and tunneling in terms of lake area. Moreover, we also found that urban sprawl was the dominant driver of the lake shrinkage, accounting for 67.89% of the total area loss, and the transition from lakes to cropland was also an important factor (19.86%). This study has potential for providing critical baseline information for government decision-making in lake resources management and urban landscape design. 相似文献
10.
基于空间连续数据的小流域景观格局破碎化研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
基于空间连续数据，采用局部空间关联指标（LISA）——局部Moran指数（Local Moran Index, LMI），通过探测小流域内景观均质性和异质性的变化情况来反映景观格局破碎化的变化过程。作为一种空间明确的景观格局研究方法，LMI能够发现流域景观格局变化过程中的热点地区，并分析其与流域土地利用变化之间的联系，明确了土地利用变化是引起小流域景观格局变化的最主要的驱动因素。研究表明，基于空间连续数据的局部空间关联指标方法可以作为传统景观格局变化研究方法的有益补充。 相似文献
11.
Landscape patterns in a region have different sizes, shapes and spatial arrangements, which contribute to the spatial heterogeneity of the landscape and are linked to the distinct behavior of thermal environments. There is a lack of research generating landscape metrics from discretized percent impervious surface area data (ISA), which can be used as an indicator of urban spatial structure and level of development, and quantitatively characterizing the spatial patterns of landscapes and land surface temperatures (LST). In this study, linear spectral mixture analysis (LSMA) is used to derive sub-pixel ISA. Continuous fractional cover thresholds are used to discretize percent ISA into different categories related to urban land cover patterns. Landscape metrics are calculated based on different ISA categories and used to quantify urban landscape patterns and LST configurations. The characteristics of LST and percent ISA are quantified by landscape metrics such as indices of patch density, aggregation, connectedness, shape and shape complexity. The urban thermal intensity is also analyzed based on percent ISA. The results indicate that landscape metrics are sensitive to the variation of pixel values of fractional ISA, and the integration of LST, LSMA. Landscape metrics provide a quantitative method for describing the spatial distribution and seasonal variation in urban thermal patterns in response to associated urban land cover patterns. 相似文献
12.
Chongming Island in China is currently undergoing a rapid urbanization and an increasing environmental pressure due to its fast-paced social economic development. Owing to natural silts deposit phenomenon as well as artificial land reclamation practices, the Island is also experiencing an expansion phenomenon. The synergy between these natural and artificial phenomena results in a rapidly changing landscape on Chongming Island. Consequently, the tools and methods for a rapid and cost-effective detection and assessment of related issues are urgently needed to ensure a harmonious and sustainable development of the Island. We herein investigate the urban growth and the landscape pattern change in relation to the Island’s expansion phenomenon and the associated complexity of land use/cover change. Our investigation is based on a time series of Landsat satellite images spanning the past 34 years. The methodological approach adopted in the present study combines vegetation indices, images textural features and social statistics data in an object-oriented classification framework. With Chongming Island expanding by an annual rate of 0.9% between 1979 and 2013, we found that the proportion of vegetation area to the total area decreased from 71 to 45%, whereas the proportion of built-up area to the total area increased from 5 to 19.9%. The urban area expanded about six times from 1979 to 2013, and during the same period, the Island’s population did not change significantly. The urban spatial expansion of Chongming Island caused distinct expansion intensity index for each intervals, and significant fragmentation and diversity in the landscape pattern between 1979 and 2013. It was also found that the rapid urbanization process took place at the expense of landscape pattern changes at any time within the study period. This is a strong indication that besides the natural geographic element, economic development and policy orientation were the dominant driving factors. If the current rate of urban expansion is to be maintained and the vegetation cover is to keep decreasing at an annual rate of 0.1% (period 1979–2013), their combined effects would profoundly alter the ecological environment in the long term. These findings provide a basic objective and scientific information for knowledgeable decision-making and policy formulation regarding regional planning and management to ensure harmonious transition of Chongming towards ecologically oriented development. 相似文献
13.
Sadhana Jain Divyani Kohli Ram Mohan Rao Wietske Bijker 《Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing》2011,39(2):203-212
In recent years, there has been lot of emphasis on the study of urban land use/ land cover changes to discover the growth
pattern due to rapid urbanisation. This study presents spatial metrics and gradient analysis approach for quantifying and
capturing changes in urban landscape using LISS III imagery of 1999, 2001 and 2004 of Gurgaon, India. A combination of spatial
metrics i.e. percentage of landscape, mean patch size, number of patches, landscape shape index and largest patch index, available
in Fragstats ver. 3.3, have been used to quantify the patterns of urban growth in different directions in terms of size, shape
and complexity of development. The local built-up areas were quantified by the “moving window” technique. A gradient analysis
has been carried out through sampling from a reference point to 8 km in 16 directions with a window size of 500 mts. Results
of this study demonstrate the potential of spatial metrics and gradient modelling to quantify the impact of regional factors
on the growth pattern of Gurgaon city. 相似文献
14.
Application of landscape ecology and remote sensing for assessment,monitoring and conservation of biodiversity 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
J. S. Singh P. S. Roy M. S. R. Murthy C. S. Jha 《Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing》2010,38(3):365-385
Landscape ecology, inter alia, addresses the question as to how altered landscape patterns affect the distribution, persistence, and abundance of a species.
Landscape ecology plays an important role in integrating the different scales of biodiversity from habitat patch to biome
level. Satellite remote sensing technology with multi-sensor capabilities offers multi-scale information on landscape composition
and configuration. Advances in geospatial analytical tools and spatial statistics have improved the capability to quantify
spatial heterogeneity. Globally, landscape level characterization of biodiversity has become an important discipline of science.
Considering the vast extent, heterogeneity, and ecological and economic importance of forest landscapes, significant efforts
have been made in India during the past decade to strengthen landscape level biodiversity characterization. The generic frame
work of studies comprises preparation of national databases providing information on composition and configuration of different
landscapes using multi-scale remote sensing techniques, understanding the landscape patterns using geospatial models to elicit
disturbance and diversity patterns and application of this information for bioprospecting and conservation purposes. Studies
on hierarchical linkage of multi-scale information to study the processes of change, landscape function, dynamics of habitat
fragmentation, invasion, development of network of conservation areas based on the understanding of multi-species responses
to landscape mosaics, macro-ecological studies to understand environment and species richness, habitat and species transitions
and losses, landscape level solutions to adaptation and mitigation strategies to climate change are a few of the future challenges.
The paper presents the current experiences and, analyses in conjunction with international scenario and identifies future
challenges of Indian landscape level biodiversity studies. 相似文献
15.
Sudhir Kumar Singh Szilárd Szabó George P. Petropoulos Manika Gupta Tanvir Islam 《国际地球制图》2017,32(2):113-127
Analysis of Earth observation (EO) data, often combined with geographical information systems (GIS), allows monitoring of land cover dynamics over different ecosystems, including protected or conservation sites. The aim of this study is to use contemporary technologies such as EO and GIS in synergy with fragmentation analysis, to quantify the changes in the landscape of the Rajaji National Park (RNP) during the period of 19 years (1990–2009). Several statistics such as principal component analysis (PCA) and spatial metrics are used to understand the results. PCA analysis has produced two principal components (PC) and explained 84.1% of the total variance, first component (PC1) accounted for the 57.8% of the total variance while the second component (PC2) has accounted for the 26.3% of the total variance calculated from the core area metrics, distance metrics and shape metrics. Our results suggested that notable changes happened in the RNP landscape, evidencing the requirement of taking appropriate measures to conserve this natural ecosystem. 相似文献
16.
Changes in landscape composition and configuration patterns of Sancaktepe Municipal District in the Asian side of Istanbul Metropolitan City of Turkey were analysed using landscape metrics. Class-level and landscape-level metrics were calculated from the land cover/land use data using Patch Analyst, an extension in the Arc View GIS. The land cover/land use data were derived from classified satellite images of Landsat Thematic Mapper of 2002 and 2009 for Sancaktepe District. There was evidence of increase in agglomeration process of built-up patches as indicated by the increases in mean patch size, decrease in total edge and number of patches between 2002 and 2009. The urban expansion pattern experienced overall was not fragmented but concentrated due to infilling around existing patches. Changes in Area-Weighted Mean Shape Index and Area-Weighted Patch Fractal Dimension Index indicated that the physical shapes within built-up, forest and bareland areas were relatively complex and irregular. A conclusion is made in this study that spatial metrics are useful tools to describe the urban landscape composition and configuration in its various aspects and certain decisions whether to approve a specific development in urban planning could, for example, be based on some measures of urban growth form or pattern in terms of uniformity and irregularity, attributable to the dynamic processes of agglomeration and fragmentation of land cover/land use patches caused by urban expansion. 相似文献
17.
The effects of hydrologic cycle change (caused by human activity and global climate change) on ecosystems attract the increasing attention around the world. As a result of impounding of the Three Gorges Dam (TGD), climate change and sand mining, the dry season of Poyang Lake and Dongting Lake (China’s two largest freshwater lakes) came early after the TGD impoundment. It was the primary cause of the increasing need for sluice/dam construction to store water in the Lakes and attracted increasing attention. In this paper, we compared the landscape pattern between three hydrologic years with early dry season (EY) and three normal hydrologic years (NY) of each lake by remote sensing technology, to reveal the effect of early dry season on landscape pattern. The results showed that early dry season caused expanding of Phalaris to mudflat zone in Poyang Lake, while caused expanding of Carex to Phalaris zone and expanding of Phalaris to mudflat zone in Dongting Lake. In landscape level, there was no significant difference in landscape grain size, landscape grain shape, habitat connectivity and landscape diversity between EY and NY in the two lakes. While in habitat class level, there were significant changes in area of mudflat and Phalaris and grain size of mudflat in Poyang Lake, and in area of Carex, grain size of Phalaris and grain shape of Carex and Phalaris in Dongting Lake. These changes will impact migrating birds of East Asian and migratory fishes of Yangtze River. 相似文献
18.
Andrey N. Petrov 《国际地球制图》2013,28(3):223-240
This study focuses on the spatiotemporal dynamics of agricultural lands and differences in rapidly developing urban and declining rural counties in Iowa, USA between 1984 and 2000. The study presents an analysis of land-cover maps derived from Landsat TM and ETM+ satellite imagery and different landscape metrics using FRAGSTATS and IDRISI software. The study provides evidence of both loss of croplands and change in fragmentation between 1984 and 2000. Fragmentation in agriculture-dominated areas increased with the development of urban centres and diversification of land uses. Fragmentation of landscapes, including agricultural land, was found to be higher in the urbanized counties, but was stable or even declined over time in these counties. In contrast, in the context of remote rural areas, agricultural landscapes experienced rapid increase in fragmentation and farmland loss. The urban–rural gradient analysis used in this study showed that the highest fragmentation occurred on the city edges. These findings suggest that farmland fragmentation is a complex process associated with socio-economic trends at regional and local scales. In addition, socio-economic determinants of landscape fragmentation differ between areas with diverging development trajectories. Intensive cropland fragmentation in remote agricultural regions, detected by this research, should be further studied and its possible effects on both agricultural productivity and biodiversity should be carefully considered. 相似文献
19.
道路网元胞的组成及其配置构成了特定的网络景观,受启发于元胞和景观格局中斑块的相似性,借鉴景观格局分析中的景观指数分析法,提出了一种城市道路网元胞模式分析的新方法——网络景观指数分析法。该方法基于道路类型生成不同类别的元胞,计算网络景观指数,并通过相关分析与因子分析挖掘主要因子,进而解释主要因子及代表指数在道路网模式分析中的含义。应用该方法计算了中国34个城市街道网络的24个指标,发现了4个主要因子:元胞的空间分布与多样性、元胞最大尺寸与延展性差异、元胞平均延展性和元胞平均尺寸与形状复杂度。反映到道路网中,描述了道路的集聚与分散特征、道路类型的多样性、道路网的规则程度等特征。 相似文献
20.
《International Journal of Digital Earth》2013,6(6):563-579
The purpose of this study is to produce an analysis of the urban expansion in the case of a mountain resort in the Romanian Carpathians through the integration of different cartographic and ancillary material in the remote sensing imagery processing. The spatial pattern analysis of the changes underwent by the urban landscape was based on multi-temporal information sources, covering 28 years, which highlighted the major turning points in landscape evolution, meaning industrial development under the communist production planning and residential expansion in recent years. To fully exploit the combination of satellite image processing in IDRISI, the manual image classification and database interrogation in ArcGis, we used a uniform grid, representing a set of vector data for each year available from the Landsat image archive. The image comparison was completed by using appropriate quantitative techniques. In conclusion the urban landscape evolution was linked to the socio-economic context. At a historic scale the main phenomenon identified is the concentration of mass tourism facilities, located in contiguity to a protected area, a situation reflected in the constant fragmentation of surfaces covered with vegetation at the urban fringe. In the digital earth science, the interplay between mountain ecosystems and human activities encompasses a key role in the management of viable mountain landscapes. 相似文献