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1.
Robert Cullers 《Lithos》1988,21(4):301-314
A series of soil and stream sediments developed during intense weathering on the metaluminous Danburg granite, northeastern Georgia, U.S.A., have been analyzed mineralogically and chemically. The concentrations of Ba, Na, Rb and Cs in the silt and coarser fractions are controlled mainly by feldspars and biotite. Hf is controlled by zircon, and the REE (rare-earth elements) and Th are largely controlled by sphene. Variations in feldspar, sphene and zircon may produce small variations in Eu/Sm and La/Lu ratios. Ferromagnesian minerals control Ta, Fe, Co, Sc and Cr concentrations.
The mineralogical and chemical composition of the Danburg granite is more closely reflected in the silt than in the sand or gravel fractions of stream sediments. In the silt, the contents of Rb, REE, Th, Ta, Fe, Co and Sc and the ratios of La/Sc, Th/Sc, La/Co, Th/Co, Eu/Sm and La/Lu are similar to those in the unweathered granite. In contrast, these element contents or ratios in the sands and gravels are 0.05−3× the concentration in the unweathered granite. Ta and Ba contents are an exception to the above. The Ta and Ba contents of the sands and gravels are similar to those of the granite.
In the kaolinite-halloysite clays, the content of Na is depleted relative to the source. Rb, Cs, Ba, Hf and Ta are depleted or enriched in the clays relative to the source, while the REE, Th, Fe, Co, Sc and Cr are enriched. The Eu/Sm (Eu anomaly size) and La/Lu ratios, and the REE patterns of the clays are similar to those of the source.
Thus, the mineralogy and element contents of a siltstone developed from metaluminous, granitic sources during intense weathering would be expected to be more similar to the source rock than the sandstones and conglomerates. Claystones should contain similar REE patterns and Eu/Sm ratios as the source rock, but such fine-grained sediments might represent much larger areas of source rocks than the more locally derived sandstones or conglomerates. 相似文献
2.
3.
In progressing from a granitoid mylonite to an ultramylonite in the Brevard shear zone in North Carolina, Ca and LOI (H2O) increase, Si, Mg, K, Na, Ba, Sr, Ta, Cs and Th decrease, while changes in Al, Ti, Fe, P, Sc, Rb, REE, Hf, Cr and U are relatively small. A volume loss of 44% is calculated for the Brevard ultramylonite relative to an Al–Ti–Fe isocon. The increase in Ca and LOI is related to a large increase in retrograde epidote and muscovite in the ultramylonite, the decreases in K, Na, Si, Ba and Sr reflect the destruction of feldspars, and the decrease in Mg is related to the destruction of biotite during mylonitization. In an amphibolite facies fault zone separating grey and pink granitic gneisses in the Hope Valley shear zone in New England, compositional similarity suggests the ultramylonite is composed chiefly of the pink gneisses. Utilizing an Al–Ti–Fe isocon for the pink gneisses, Sc, Cr, Hf, Ta, U, Th and M-HREE are relatively unchanged, Si, LOI, K, Mg, Rb, Cs and Ba are enriched, and Ca, Na, P, Sr and LREE are lost during deformation. In contrast to the Brevard mylonite, the Hope Valley mylonite appears to have increased in volume by about 70%, chiefly in response to an introduction of quartz. Chondrite-normalized REE patterns of granitoids from both shear zones are LREE-enriched and have prominent negative Eu anomalies. Although REE increase in abundance in the Brevard ultramylonites (reflecting the volume loss), the shape of the REE pattern remains unchanged. In contrast, REE and especially LREE decrease in abundance with increasing deformation of the Hope Valley gneisses. Mass balance calculations indicate that ≥95% of the REE in the Brevard rocks reside in titanite. In contrast, in the Hope Valley rocks only 15–40% of the REE can be accounted for collectively by titanite, apatite and zircon. Possible sites for the remaining REE are allanite, fluorite or grain boundaries. Loss of LREE from the pink gneisses during deformation may have resulted from decreases in allanite and perhaps apatite or by leaching ofy REE from grain boundaries by fluids moving through the shear zone. Among the element ratios most resistant to change during mylonitization in the Brevard shear zone are La/Yb, Eu/Eu*, Sm/Nd, La/Sc, Th/Sc, Th/Yb, Cr/Th, Th/U and Hf/Ta, whereas the most stable ratios in the Hope Valley shear zone are K/Rb, Rb/Cs, Th/U, Eu/Eu*, Th/Sc, Th/Yb, Sm/Nd, Th/Ta, Hf/Ta and Hf/Yb. However, until more trace element data are available from other shear zones, these ratios should not be used alone to identify protoliths of deformed rocks. 相似文献
4.
Geochemistry and Provenance of Maastrichtian Clastic Rocks in the Dikmendede Formation of Orhaniye in Kazan-Ankara-Turkey Region 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
An integrated petrographic and geochemical study of the sandstones of the Maastrichtian-aged in the Orhaniye (Kazan-Ankara-Turkey) was carried out to obtain more information on their provenance, sedimentological history and tectonic setting. Depending on their matrix and mineralogical content, the Maastrichtian sandstones are identified as lithic arenite/wacke. The Dikmendede sandstones derived from types of provenances, the recycled orogen and recycled transitional. The chemical characteristics of the Dikmendede sandstones, i.e., fairly uniform compositions, high Th/U ratios (>3.0), negative Eu anomalies (Eu/Eu* 0.72–0.99) and Th/Sc ratios (mostly less than 1.0), favor the OUC (old upper continental crust) provenance for the Dikmendede sandstones. The SiO2/Al2O3, Th/Sc (mostly <1.0) and La/Sc (<4.0) ratios are; however, slightly lower than typical OUC, and these ratios may suggest a minor contribution of young arc-derived material. The rare earth element (REE) pattern, and La/Sc versus Th/Co plot suggests that these sediments were mainly derived from felsic source rocks. The Dikmendede sandstones have high Cr (123–294 ppm) and Ni (52–212 ppm) concentrations, Cr/Ni ratio of 1.93, and a medium correlation coefficient between Cr and Ni and corresponding medium to high correlation of both (Cr and Ni, respectively) elements with Co. These relationships indicate a significant contribution of detritus from ophiolitic rocks. As rare earth element data are available for the Dikmendede sandstones, the Eu/Eu* is compared with LaN/YbN. Samples plot in the area of overlapping between continental collision, strike-slip and continental arc basins. The predominantly felsic composition of the Dikmendede sandstones is supported by the REE plots, which show enriched light REE, negative Eu anomaly and flat or uniform heavy REE. The Dikmendede sandstones have compositions similar to those of the average upper continental crust and post-Archean Australian shales. This feature indicates that the sediments were derived mainly from the upper continental crust. The Dikmendede sandstones have chemical index of alteration (CIA) values of 28–49, with an average of 40 indicating a low degree of chemical weathering in the source area. The compositional immaturity of the analyzed sandstone samples is typical of subduction-related environments, and their SiO2/Al2O3 and K2O/Na2O ratios and Co, Sc, Th and Zr contents reflect their oceanic and continental-arc settings. The Dikmendede sandstones were developed as flysch deposits derived from mixed provenance in a collision belt. 相似文献
5.
云南思茅盆地江城上白垩统勐野井组稀土微量元素特征及地质意义 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
沉积盆地中碎屑岩的地球化学成分主要受物源区控制,因此,通过分析碎屑岩的化学成分可以揭示盆地沉积岩的源区构造背景和物源属性。思茅盆地上白垩统勐野井组（K2me）细碎屑岩的稀土元素组成分析结果表明,研究区沉积物具有轻稀土元素富集,较平坦的重稀土元素分布模式,以及中等程度 Eu 负异常的总体特征。根据样品的（Hf-La/Th、La/Sc-Co/Th和REE-La/Yb）图解,特征性微量元素比值（La/Sc、Sc/Th、Cr/Th 和 Co/Th）,并结合岩矿薄片分析,认为勐野井组细碎屑岩具有典型的上陆壳特征,源区母岩以长英质岩石为主。微量元素 Cr/Co 结合岩相古地理的分析显示勐野井组细碎屑沉积物应属于近源沉积。通过与不同构造背景下杂砂岩的稀土元素特征对比及主元素（K2O/Na2O-SiO2/Al2O3和SiO2-K2O/Na2O）判别图解,勐野井组细碎屑岩源区构造背景应属被动大陆边缘环境,这与思茅盆地所处的三江造山带构造背景相符。 相似文献
6.
The major, trace and rare earth element (REE) contents of metapelite (MPL), metapsammite (MPS) and metamarl (MM) samples from the Cambro-Ordovician Seydi?ehir Formation were analyzed to investigate their provenance and tectonic setting. The MPS, MPL, and MM samples have variable SiO2 concentrations, with average values of 72.36, 55.54, and 20.95 wt%, moderate SiO2/Al2O3 ratios (means of 6.88, 3.23, and 3.80), moderate to high Fe2O3 + MgO contents (means of 5.14, 9.55, 3.56 wt%), and high K2O/Na2O ratios (means of 3.26, 3.64, 2.90), respectively. On average, the chemical index of alteration (CIA) values of the MPS and the MPL are 65.87 and 71.96, respectively, while the chemical index of weathering (CIW) values are 74.54 and 85.09, respectively. These data record an intermediate to high degree of alteration (weathering) of plagioclase to illite/kaolinite in the samples’ provenance. The chondrite-normalized REE patterns of all the sample groups are similar and are characterized by subparallel light rare earth elements (LREE)-enriched, relatively flat heavy rare earth elements (HREE) patterns with pronounced Eu anomalies (mean of 0.69) and moderate fractionation [average (La/Yb)N = 8.7]. Plots of sediments in ternary diagrams of La, Th, Sc and elemental ratios (La/Sc, Th/Sc, Cr/Th, Eu/Eu*, La/Lu, Co/Th, La/Sc and Sc/Th), which are critical for determining provenance, and REE patterns indicate that the metaclastic units of the Seydi?ehir Formation were derived dominantly from felsic to intermediate magmatic rocks and not from a mafic source. The La–Sc–Th and Th–Sc–Zr/10 ternary diagrams of the Seydi?ehir Formation are typical of continental island arc/active continental margin tectonic settings. The geologic location and geochemistry of the Seydi?ehir Formation suggest that it was deposited in an Andean-type retroarc foreland basin during the Late Cambrian–Early Ordovician period. The Neoproterozoic intermediate to felsic magmatic rocks and metaclastic sediments with felsic origins of the Sand?kl?–Afyon Basement Complex (SBC) and their equivalent units, which are thought to be overlain by the younger units in the study area, may be the dominant source rocks for the Seydi?ehir Formation. 相似文献
7.
系统分析了扬子克拉通从中元古代到白垩纪不同时代8个碎屑沉积岩的主量元素和微量元素成分.这8个样品的REE分配模式与全球典型细粒碎屑沉积岩PAAS、NASC、ES及全球平均大陆上地壳一致.志留纪—泥盆纪样品以高w (La) /w (Co)、w (La) /w (Sc)、w (Th) /w (Co)、w (Th) /w (Sc) 比值为特征, 物源上表现出北秦岭的特征, 表明扬子克拉通曾与华北克拉通南缘的北秦岭在志留纪—泥盆纪对接. 相似文献
8.
沉积盆地中碎屑沉积岩的地球化学特征主要受物源区的制约。对北羌塘盆地三叠系康鲁组碎屑沉积岩进行全岩测试,分析表明,样品的成分变异指数(ICV)和化学蚀变指数(CIA)变化不大,反映其源区物质较新鲜,成熟度相对较低,化学风化作用较弱-中等。岩石SiO2含量普遍较高,TFe2O3+MgO含量相对较高,但K2O/Na2O比值变化较大。微量元素标准化蛛网图与后太古代页岩和上地壳相似,且REE配分模式图显示富集LREE,δEu明显负异常以及δCe呈弱负异常。此外,Th/U、La/Sc、Th/Sc、Ba/Sr等微量元素比值以及TiO2-Ni、La/Th-Hf、Co/Th-La/Sc和Th/Sc-La/Sc判别图表明沉积物物源具有浅源、长英质的特征。沉积岩的SiO2-K2O/Na2O、La-Th、La/Y-Sc/Cr双变量图解和La-Th-Sc、Th-Sc-Zr/10、Th-Co-Zr/10三变量图解,以及Th/U、Rb/Sr等比值特征表明北羌塘三叠系康鲁组沉积砂岩的物源区构造背景以大陆岛弧为主,兼有大洋岛弧和被动大陆边缘构造背景特征。 相似文献
9.
《Gondwana Research》2010,17(3-4):687-696
Geochemistry of the Sub-Himalayan foreland basin Siwalik sediments has been used for interpreting the nature of the source rocks. This study has shown that the compositional changes are a function of stratigraphic height, demonstrated by the upward increase of P2O5, Na2O, CaO, MgO and SiO2 content from Lower to the Upper Siwalik rocks. On the other hand, K2O, Fe2O3, TiO2 and Al2O3 show decrease with the increasing stratigraphic height. These trends are a clear reflection of time-controlled changes in the source lithology. Ratios such as Eu/Eu*, (La/Lu)cn, La/Sc, Th/Sc, La/Co, and Cr/Th suggest a prominent felsic source area for the Siwalik sediments. Chondrite-normalized REE pattern with LREE enrichment and moderately flat HREE pattern with sharp negative Eu anomaly are attributed to a felsic source. Contrary to the existing belief, this study has ruled out any contribution from the mafic sources and highlighted the compositional similarities of Siwalik sediments with the crustal proxies like PAAS, NASC and UCC. The geochemical data point to a significant role played by the Precambrian and early Paleozoic granitic rocks of the Himalayan tectogene in shaping the composition of the foreland sediments. The variable CIA values and marked depletion in Na, Mg and Ca exhibited by the Lower, Middle and Upper Siwalik sediments reflect variable climatic zones and variations in the rate of tectonic uplift of the source area. Our results demonstrate that in the Lower Siwalik and part of the Middle Siwalik, Higher Himalayan Crystalline sequence (HHCS) was the primary source area with minor contributions by the meta-sedimentary succession of the Lesser Himalaya. Later, during the deposition of the upper part of the Middle Siwalik and Upper Siwalik, the source terrain switched positions. These two prominent source terrains supplied sediments in steadily changing proportion through time. 相似文献
10.
A. V. Maslov 《Geochemistry International》2007,45(4):327-344
The paper summarizes data on the geochemistry of metaterrigenous rocks from 26 reference Archean territories: the Pilbara and Yilgarn blocks; Isua and Akilia complexes; Wittwatersrand, Swaziland, Pongola, and Yellowknife supergroups; Khapchanskaya and Gimol’skaya groups; Kan, Sharyzhalgai, Chupa, Slyudyanka, and Onot complexes; etc. The general sets of data points and the calculated median values of the concentrations of trace elements and their ratios are compared to those of Archean and post-Archean shales. In Ce/Cr-Co/Hf, Eu/Eu*-GdN/YbN, Ce/Cr-Th/Sc, Th/Sc-Sc, Th-La, La/Sm-Sc/Th, Yb-GdN/YbN, Th/Sc-Cr, Ni-Cr, and some other diagrams, the fields in which the most data points of Archean metaterrigenous rocks group are outlined. The results of this research indicate that there are no values of geochemical parameters that are inherent only in Archean or only in post-Archean fine-grained terrigenous rocks. Within 80–85% confidence levels, most individual compositions of Archean metaterrigenous rocks are characterized by the following geochemical parameters: (1) Th/Sc < 0.6–0.7, (2) Ce/Cr < 0.6, and (3) Eu/Eu* > 0.70–0.75. If the median values are used, these ranges can be further constrained to (i) Th/Sc < 0.55, (ii) Ce/Cr < 0.4, (iii) Cr/Th > 25, and (iv) Th < 12 ppm. Compared to PAAS, Archean metaterrigenous rocks are characterized by higher median concentrations of Cr and Ni and the Eu/Eu*, Sc/Th, Cr/Th, and Co/Hf ratios, whereas the Nb, La, Ce, Yb, Hf, Th, and U concentrations and the La/Sm and Ce/Cr ratios of PAAS are, conversely, lower. The median values of the LaN/YbN ratios of reference Archean terranes can be either higher or lower than in PAAS, likely depending on the proportions of various rock types in the sources of the terrigenous material. The medians of the GdN/YbN ratios of ～60% of the reference Archean metaterrigenous terranes in our databank are slightly higher than the GdN/YbN ratios of PAAS. The median values of the LaN/SmN ratios of Archean terrigenous rocks are mostly slightly lower than the typical PAAS ratios. 相似文献
11.
Geochemistry of the Sub-Himalayan foreland basin Siwalik sediments has been used for interpreting the nature of the source rocks. This study has shown that the compositional changes are a function of stratigraphic height, demonstrated by the upward increase of P2O5, Na2O, CaO, MgO and SiO2 content from Lower to the Upper Siwalik rocks. On the other hand, K2O, Fe2O3, TiO2 and Al2O3 show decrease with the increasing stratigraphic height. These trends are a clear reflection of time-controlled changes in the source lithology. Ratios such as Eu/Eu*, (La/Lu)cn, La/Sc, Th/Sc, La/Co, and Cr/Th suggest a prominent felsic source area for the Siwalik sediments. Chondrite-normalized REE pattern with LREE enrichment and moderately flat HREE pattern with sharp negative Eu anomaly are attributed to a felsic source. Contrary to the existing belief, this study has ruled out any contribution from the mafic sources and highlighted the compositional similarities of Siwalik sediments with the crustal proxies like PAAS, NASC and UCC. The geochemical data point to a significant role played by the Precambrian and early Paleozoic granitic rocks of the Himalayan tectogene in shaping the composition of the foreland sediments. The variable CIA values and marked depletion in Na, Mg and Ca exhibited by the Lower, Middle and Upper Siwalik sediments reflect variable climatic zones and variations in the rate of tectonic uplift of the source area. Our results demonstrate that in the Lower Siwalik and part of the Middle Siwalik, Higher Himalayan Crystalline sequence (HHCS) was the primary source area with minor contributions by the meta-sedimentary succession of the Lesser Himalaya. Later, during the deposition of the upper part of the Middle Siwalik and Upper Siwalik, the source terrain switched positions. These two prominent source terrains supplied sediments in steadily changing proportion through time. 相似文献
12.
Implications of elemental concentrations for provenance, redox conditions, and metamorphic studies of shales and limestones near Pueblo, CO, USA 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Robert L Cullers 《Chemical Geology》2002,191(4):305-327
Major element and some trace element compositions (including the REE) of shales, carbonate-rich shales, and limestones of Late Cretaceous age have been analyzed at two outcrops near Pueblo, CO. Elemental ratios that are characteristic of the provenance of terrigenous debris that are the least variable with changing percent acid insoluble residue vs. percent calcite are Th/Cr, La/Co, (La/Lu)cn, and Eu/Eu*. The Ce/Ce*, La/Sc, and La/Cr ratios, however, are only constant when greater than 30% of a sample is composed of acid insoluble residue. At less than 30% acid insoluble residue, these elemental ratios increase markedly. The Th/Co and Th/Sc ratios are fairly constant from nearly 0% to about 60% acid-insoluble residue. Above 60% residue, these ratios increase due to the high concentration of Th in the Graneros to Hartland shales at Everhart Ranch. The average of the Th/Co, Th/Sc, Th/Cr, La/Co, La/Sc, and La/Cr ratios are similar to those of the MCS (mid-continent shales) and PAAS (Post-Archean Australian shales). Thus, these carbonate-rich to carbonate poor rocks analyzed in this study contain terrigenous debris that has been derived from granitoids similar to those that supplied debris to the MCS and PAAS. The Ce/Ce* ratios are lower and the Mn* (Mn*=log[(Mnsample/Mnshales)/(Fesample/Feshales)]) values are more positive in the more calcite-rich Bridge Creek and Ft. Hays limestones than in the other units, suggesting that they formed in an oxidizing environment. The Ce/Ce* are the highest and the Mn* values are the most negative in the Graneros to Hartland shales, suggesting that they formed under more reducing conditions.The elemental concentration of one sample relative to that of another sample over a few meters distance usually vary in small amounts (e.g., medians of the ratios of the same elements between adjacent samples ranges from 1.06 to 1.70). However, the ratio of elemental concentrations between adjacent samples can sometimes be quite large. The least variation of elemental ratios between adjacent samples often occurs within the more carbonate-poor shales; the greatest variation occurs within the limestones. Thus, trying to decipher local movement of elements due to metamorphism in similar carbonate shale-limestone sequences should be done cautiously since local elemental variation due to sedimentary processes can be large. 相似文献
13.
Geochemical signature of provenance in sand-size material in soils and stream sediments near the Tobacco Root batholith, Montana, U.S.A. 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Trace-element geochemistry of sandstones are being used to determine provenance. We have conducted preliminary and limited experiments to determine to what extent daughter sands retain the geochemical signature of parent rocks. Six sets of first-order stream sediments, soils from adjacent slopes, and a variety of parent rocks were collected from southwestern Montana, U.S.A. Sampling in a low-relief area ensured that climate and residence time of soils on slopes could be eliminated as variables. Sand-size fractions of stream sediments and soils, and the corresponding parent rocks (granodiorite, quartz monzonite, granite gneiss, biotite-tonalite gneiss and amphibolite) were analyzed for most major elements and selected trace elements. Petrologic modal analysis of the parent rocks and the 0.25–0.50-mm fraction of each sand was done to monitor major mineralogic control, if any, on chemical compositions of the samples.
Our data show that the abundances of the Si and Al in sediments do not discriminate provenance. Abundances of Ca, Mg, Fe and Ti may broadly distinguish between sands derived from metamorphic and igneous source rocks, at least in the area studied. Differences in abundances of the Ba and Th, and the ratio of La/Lu between granitic, tonalitic and amphibolitic parent rocks are preserved in the daughter sediments that we studied. However, the size of the Eu anomaly in the REE patterns of different daughter sediments is not diagnostic of parent rocks. Abundances of Co and Sc distinguish between sediments derived from felsic and mafic rocks. A better provenance discrimination is obtained if the ratios La/Sc, Th/Sc, La/Co, Ba/Sc and Ba/Co are used.
Petrologic modal data show that mineral contents and chemical compositions of parent rocks are compatible with each other. The chemical composition of the sands may be roughly correlated to the petrological modal data but the abundances of some minor and trace elements of sediments cannot be inferred from modal mineralogy. This is expected because these elements may concentrate in accessory minerals and/or may weather out into aqueous or clay mineral fractions; it is also compatible with conclusions of previous studies that some of these elements do not reside in sand-size fractions of siliciclastic sediments. 相似文献
14.
为探讨塔里木盆地西北缘柯坪地区上石炭统索格当他乌组沉积环境、物源属性和构造背景,在野外地质调查的基础上,对柯坪地区乌什南剖面上石炭统索格当他乌组细碎屑岩进行了系统的地球化学样品采集与测试分析。通过氧化还原敏感元素组合及微量元素特征比值对比,发现研究区索格当他乌组细碎屑岩形成于弱还原环境。再利用Hf-La/Th、La/Sc-Co/Th和REE-La/Yb判别图解、微量元素特征比值(La/Sc、Sc/Th、Cr/Th及Co/Th),并结合岩石矿物薄片分析,认为索格当他乌组细碎屑岩与上地壳特征相似,母岩以长英质岩石为主,混有部分花岗岩和安山岩。对比不同构造背景下杂砂岩的稀土、微量元素特征,并结合碎屑岩La-Th-Sc、Th-Sc-Zr/10、Th-Co-Zr/10三角图解,认为研究区上石炭统索格当他乌组细碎屑岩源岩具有大陆岛弧、活动大陆边缘、被动大陆边缘多重构造背景。 相似文献
15.
《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2018,350(3):119-129
This paper is focused on the morphological, mineralogical, and geochemical features of alluvial sediments from the Neoproterozoic Pan-African belt to explore rutile. The fine-grained sediments, which contain a large proportion of rutile, are made up of quartz, rutile, zircon, brookite, tourmaline, andalusite, and kyanite. The high SiO2 and TiO2 contents highlight the predominance of silica minerals in the alluvia from the humid tropical zone. La/Sc, La/Co, Th/Sc and Zr/Cr ratios reflect the contribution of felsic and mafic sources. The highest Ti contents, which occur at the outlet of the Lobo watershed, indicate the resistance of rutile. The REE distribution could be linked to the heavy mineral sorting. The low (La/Yb)N ratios and high Zr contents are attributed to the high proportion of zircon. Chondrite-normalized REE patterns indicate high felsic sources, which are the regional rocks. Ultimately, the Yaoundé Group constitutes a favorable potential target for further rutile exploration. 相似文献
16.
华北克拉通南缘古-中元古代构造-沉积演化的俯冲说、裂解说之争由来已久,兵马沟组作为熊耳群形成后的第一套碎
屑沉积岩层,对解释上述过程有重要意义。该文通过对豫西伊川地区的兵马沟组泥质岩微量及稀土元素的地球化学特征分析,
探讨了其沉积环境、物源,进而揭示了其发育的大地构造背景。结果表明：（1）兵马沟组泥质岩稀土元素含量高,球粒陨石标准
化后轻重稀土分异明显,δEu负异常,δCe异常不明显,富集Rb、Th、La、Ce、Nd、Zr、Hf 等,较上地壳平均值富集Sc、V、Cr、Co、Ni、
Rb;（2）Ceanom指数、V/V + Ni反映了泥质岩沉积时的还原环境,Sr/Ba、B/Ga表明其为由陆相至海相的过渡型沉积;（3）Cr/Zr、Th/U
等元素比值关系反应其物源无深部物质加入,La/Yb-Ce、Co/Th-La/Sc图解表明物源为中酸性火山岩及少量稳定陆壳物质;
（4）Th-Sc-Zr/10、Th-Co-Zr/10图解表明其物源主要来自大陆岛弧。综合上述分析结果,结合区域地质信息,可以得出中元古界
兵马沟组形成于大陆岛弧弧后盆地,熊耳群分布区为中元古代俯冲成因的大陆岛弧区。 相似文献
17.
分析了华北克拉通新太古代—三叠纪 16个碎屑沉积岩组合样品。与Taylor和McLennan等提出的太古宙—元古宙界线前后沉积岩及上地壳化学组成变化不同 ,新太古代五台群沉积岩具明显负Eu异常 ,相容元素含量很低 ,不相容元素含量较高 ,与典型后太古宙沉积物组成类似。而古元古代沉积岩比五台群显示出异常高的Eu/Eu 值 ,w(Sc) /w(Th) ,w(Cr) /w (Th)比值。青白口纪、寒武纪、石炭纪和二叠纪沉积岩显示正常的后太古宙沉积岩特征。三叠纪沉积岩的Eu/Eu 值 ,w (Sc) /w (Th) ,w(Cr) /w(Th)比值再次显著升高 ,推测与华北和扬子克拉通最终的陆陆碰撞作用有关。因此 ,太古宙—元古宙界线并不一致对应于上地壳演化程度迅速增高。大陆上地壳并非总是向着分异程度提高的方向演化 ,而是部分时期可出现演化程度降低的异常现象。 相似文献
18.
Major and trace elements including rare earth elements (REEs) chemistry of the metapelitic rocks of Bulfat Complex (Iraqi Zagros Suture Zone) indicate their enrichment in large-ion Lithophile, light rare earth (LREE) elements, and relative depletion of high field strength and heavy rare earth (HREE) elements. The linear correlation coefficients between TiO2, K2O, and Al2O3 and total REE reveal that phyllosilicates (e.g., mica) and accessory minerals mainly Ti-bearing phases (e.g., ilmenite) are likely the dominant hosts for REEs. Chondrite-normalized REE patterns typical of continental margin settings with significant enrichment of LREE, prominent negative Eu anomalies, and nearly flat HREE are positively correlated with post-Archean Australian shale (PAAS) and upper continental crust (UCC) patterns. Additionally, their consistent elemental La/Sc, Th/Sc, La/Co, Th/Co, Cr/Th, and Eu/Eu* values suggest that sediments may have been originally derived from an old post-Archean upper continental crust composed chiefly of granitic component. It seems most likely that the felsic source rocks were originated by a process of intra-crustal differentiation such as partial melting and/or fractional crystallization involving fractionation of Ca-plagioclase. The geochemical evidences particularly REEs evaluation show that deposition of clasts occurred in an active continental margin setting during lower–upper Cretaceous period contemporaneous with the igneous activities. It is evident therefore that the clasts source is from the north–northeast side, i.e., from the active margin of Iranian microcontinent (Sanandaj–Sirjan Zone). 相似文献
19.
Babu K 《Journal of Earth System Science》2017,126(3):45
The Trichinopoly Group (later redesignated as Garudamangalam) has unconformable relationship with underlying Uttatur Group and is divided into lower Kulakanattam Formation and upper Anaipadi Formation. These calcareous sandstones are analysed major, trace and rare earth elements (REEs) to find out CIA, CIW, provenance and tectonic setting. The silica content of fossiliferous calcareous sandstone show wide variation ranging from 12.93 to 42.56%. Alumina content ranged from 3.49 to 8.47%. Higher values of Fe2O3 (2.29–22.02%) and low MgO content (0.75–2.44%) are observed in the Garudamangalam Formation. CaO (23.53–45.90) is high in these sandstones due to the presence of calcite as cementing material. Major element geochemistry of clastic rocks (Al2O3 vs. Na2O) plot and trace elemental ratio (Th/U) reveal the moderate to intense weathering of the source rocks. The Cr/Zr ratio of clastic rocks reveal with an average of 1.74 suggesting of felsic provenance. In clastic rocks, high ratios of \(\sum \)LREE/\(\sum \)HREE, La/Sc, Th/Sc, Th/Co, La/Co and low ratios of Cr/Zr, and positive Eu anomaly ranges from (Eu/Eu* = 1.87–5.30) reveal felsic nature of the source rocks. 相似文献
20.
The mineralogical and geochemical characteristics of the Upper Triassic Baluti shale from the Northern Thrust Zone (Sararu section) and High Folded Zone (Sarki section) Kurdistan Region, Iraq, have been investigated to constrain their paleoweathering, provenance, tectonic setting, and depositional redox conditions. The clay mineral assemblages are dominated by kaolinite, illite, mixed layers illite/smectite at Sararu section, and illite > smectite with traces of kaolinite at Sarki. Illite, to be noted, is within the zone of diagenesis. The non-clay minerals are dominated by calcite with minor amounts of quartz and muscovite in Sararu shale; and are dominated by dolomite with amounts of calcite and quartz in Sarki shale. Baluti shale is classified as Al-rich based on major and minor elements. The chemical index of alteration (CIA) is significantly higher in the Sararu than the Sarki shales, suggesting more intense weathering of the Sararu than the Sarki shales. The index of compositional variability (ICV) of the Sararu shale is less than 1 (suggesting it is compositionally mature and was deposited in a tectonically quiescent setting). More than 1 for Sarki shales (suggest it is less mature and deposited in a tectonically active setting). Most shale of the Baluti plot parallel and along the A-K line in A-CN-K plots suggest intense chemical weathering (high CIA) without any clear-cut evidence of K-metasomatism. Clay mineral data, Al enrichment, CIA values, and A-CN-K plot suggest that the source area experienced high degree of chemical weathering under warm and humid conditions, especially in Sararu. Elemental ratios critical of provenance (La/Sc, Th/Sc, Th/Cr, Th/Co, Ce/Ce*PN, Eu/Eu*PN, and Eu/Eu*CN) shows slight difference between the Sararu and Sarki shales; and the ratios are similar to fine fractions derived from the weathering of mostly felsic rocks. The Eu/Eu* CN, Th/Sc, and low K2O/Al2O3 ratios of most shales suggest weathering from mostly a granodiorite source rather than a granite source, consistent with a source from old upper continental crust. Discrimination diagrams based on major and trace element content point to a role of the felsic-intermediate sources for the deposition of Baluti Formation, and probably mixed with mafic source rocks at Sararu section. The chondrite-normalized rare earth elements (REE) patterns are similar to those of PAAS, with light REE enrichment, a negative Eu anomaly, and almost flat heavy REE pattern similar to those of a source rock with felsic components. The source of sediments for the Baluti Formation was likely the Rutba Uplift and/or the plutonic-metamorphic complexes of the Arabian Shield located to the southwest of the basin; whereas the Sararu shale was affected by the mafic rocks of the Bitlis-Avroman-Bisitoun Ridge to the northeast of Arabian Plate. The tectonic discrimination diagrams, as well as critical trace and REE characteristic parameters imply rift and active setting for the depositional basin of the shale of Baluti Formation. The geochemical parameters such as U/Th, V/Cr, V/Sc, and Cu/Zn ratios indicate that these shales were deposited under oxic environment and also show that Sarki shale was deposited under more oxic environment than Sararu. 相似文献