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辽西中生代的壳幔过渡带的形成、破坏与改造 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：2
利用火成岩及其携带的捕虏体的岩石学、年代学等研究成果,反演辽西中生代时期的壳幔相互作用,重塑这时期的壳幔边界组成。对应于中生代活跃的壳幔相互作用,辽西义县-北票一带理论上应该存在一个发育的壳幔过渡带。然而现今的各种地球物理研究显示辽西的莫霍面是清晰的间断面,其上、下地震波速变化从6.5～6.7km/s 截然变成8.0～8.1 km/s。壳幔过渡带到那里去了?围绕这一问题,本文依据火山岩及其捕虏晶的研究,探讨了在软流圈底辟体上涌背景下,壳幔过渡带被破坏和改造的原因。最后从演化角度将辽西与张家口和西藏高原的壳-幔边界进行了比较。 相似文献
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总结了应用同位素地球化学填图和化学地球动力学研究东秦岭造山带的初步经验，并以较成功的实例来说明，内容包括：（１）华北和扬子克拉通幔源和壳源岩石化学和Ｎｄ、Ｐｂ同位素组成及壳幔演化差异的确定；（２）南秦岭前寒武纪基底应归属于扬子陆块构造－地球化学省的地球化学论证；（３）关于东秦岭蛇绿岩铅同位素的Ｄｕｐａｌ型特征及其同三江地区（属古特提斯范围）蛇绿岩的相似性的揭示；（４）北秦岭元古宙基底可能为古洋岛型微陆块的地球化学证据；（５）东秦岭新元古代和早古生代洋壳俯冲消减及聚汇带壳－幔再循环的地球化学证据；（６）关于陆－陆碰撞过程中杨子陆块边缘（南秦岭）俯冲于华北陆块边缘（北秦岭）之下，从碰撞型花岗质岩浆源区地球化学研究获得的直接证据。这些初步成果说明同位素填图与化学地球动力学在造山带研究中是具有重要前景的技术途径。 相似文献
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东秦岭造山带岩石圈热结构及断面模型 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
东秦岭岩石圈热结构热状态十分不均匀,沿断面可分成华北地块、北秦岭、南秦岭、扬子地块四大块,南秦岭为“热区”,北秦岭为“冷区”。商丹断裂带具８１．３ｍＷ／ｍ２高热流值,是南北秦岭的分界线,是多期构造运动的活动带,是扬子地块与华北地块的缝合带。加里东期扬子地块向华北地块俯冲碰撞,印支—燕山期俯冲板片由于“去层状化作用”断开下沉,软流圈上侵,岩石圈上地幔变薄。后国华北岩石圈下部插入扬子俯冲板片中形成穿插构造,商丹断裂带成为现今向南倾的走滑断裂带。中上地壳有不同时期的大规模逆冲推覆体,断块向南叠置;下地壳缩短成“漏斗”状下滑,地壳增厚造成东秦岭造山带现今独特复杂的岩石圈五层结构模型。 相似文献
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秦岭洛阳—伊川—十堰—秭归地学断面大陆岩石圈的岩石学模型 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
根据该地学断面Ｖｐ结构模型，造山带中基性火成岩、金伯利岩和花岗岩中的深源包体资料，以及火成岩和变质岩，特别是超高压变质岩和超基性岩的分布和组成所揭示的壳幔深部组成的信息，结合与相对应的岩石实验Ｖｐ数据的对比，建立了秦岭洛阳－伊川－十堰－秭归地学断面及邻区的岩石圈组成的岩石学模型。这一岩石学模型表明，华北与扬子克拉通，南北秦岭造山带与其克拉通的过渡带岩石圈的岩石学模型各不相同。华北克拉通下地壳是以麻粒岩相中酸性片麻岩和紫苏花岗岩为主，同时含有基性麻粒岩，而扬子克拉通的下地壳是以角闪岩相－麻粒岩相酸性片麻岩和ＴＴＧ为主体，广泛存在基性火成岩层。南北秦岭造山带的中下地壳各自继承了扬子和华北克拉通的中下地壳的特点，但已被强烈改造；南北秦岭造山带上地幔组成差异性较大，北秦岭上地幔上部以榴辉岩及榴闪岩为主，而南秦岭以蛇纹石化橄榄岩为主体，各单元１００ｋｍ以下的地幔都是一样的，都是石榴石二辉橄榄岩组成。因此，秦岭造山带是一个具有近３０亿年历史的由不同大陆块体拼合组成的，不具简单的岩石圈分层结构样式。 相似文献
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秦岭造山带的壳幔结构及其形成,演化特征 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
地处华北地块和扬子地块之间的秦岭造山带是一个壳幔结构十分复杂的地带,它的形成、演化也有其漫长而复杂的过程。本文依据近年来在该地带及邻区取得的地球物理资料所显示的多种信息来推断其壳幔结构及其形成、演化的某些特征,并尝试利用反映不同深度范围物质密度分布不均信息的卫星重力资料,探讨其地球动力学等背景。 相似文献
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中国大陆岩石圈壳幔韧性剪切带系统 总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12
众多地震测深剖面的地质构造解析显示,大陆岩石圈存在既有显著差异又有密切联系的两套断裂系统,即以地壳表层脆性剪切带为主的浅层断裂系统和以切割莫霍界面的壳幔韧性剪切带为主的深部断裂系统。根据地震测深速度结构特征,结合深部构造岩石地球化学的综合研究,将切割莫霍界面或壳幔过渡带的壳幔韧性剪切带划分为三类(俯冲带、缝合带和剪切带)五型(大陆岩石圈边缘海沟俯冲带、大陆岩石圈碰撞缝合带、挤压型壳幔韧性剪切带、伸展型壳幔韧性剪切带和走滑型壳幔韧性剪切带)。建立起中国大陆岩石圈构造变形由地壳表层向深部扩展以及由壳幔过渡带向地壳中上部扩展的岩石圈双向扩展模式。壳幔韧性剪切带既是无机成因天然气等深部流体的通道,又是地震活动区的发震构造之一,因此研究大陆岩石圈壳幔韧性剪切带具有重要学术价值和实际意义。 相似文献
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中国南方大陆岩石圈结构分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
中国南方多条大地电磁剖面揭示,研究区内大陆岩石圈具清楚的层圈结构。根据高阻层、高导层间互成层的特点,可分出壳内、壳幔、幔内三组高导层。根据高导层的埋深、变形、组合特点,中国南方可分成华北、扬子、康滇中间、华夏四个微板块,各微板块可进一步分为陆壳板段和过渡壳板段。陆壳板段中各高导层广泛分布,地壳三分性清楚,产状平缓,有统一的结晶基底;过渡壳板段中各高导层常有缺失,倾角较大,常受到错断,没有统一的结晶基底。认为华北微板块与扬子微板块间的结合带具有不对称扇状结构的特点,而扬子微板块与华夏微板块间的结合带具有剪刀式闭合结构的特点。微板块之间的构造活动主要受幔内第一高导层控制,微板块内部的构造活动主要受中地壳高导层控制,也受幔内第一高导层控制;而莫霍面构造主要反映了近期构造阶段的地球动力学特征,它对区域构造控制较差。 相似文献
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中国南方大陆岩石圈结构分析 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
中国南方多条大地电磁剖面揭示,研究区内大陆岩石圈具清楚的层圈结构,根据高阻尼,高导层间互成层的特点,可分出壳内,壳幔,幔内三组高层层,根据高导层的埋深,变形,组合特点,中国南方可分成华北,扬子,康滇中间,华夏四个微板块,各微板块可进一步分为陆壳板段和过渡壳板段,陆壳板段中各高导层广泛分,地壳三分性清楚,产状平缓,有统一的结晶基底,过渡壳板段中各高导层有缺失,倾角较大,常受到错断,学有统一的结晶基底,认为华北微板块与扬子微板块间的结合带具有不对称扇状结构的特点,而扬子微板块与华夏数板块间的结合带具有剪刀式闭合结构的特点,微板块之间的构造活动主要受幔内第一高层控制,微板块内部的构造活动 主要受中地壳高层控制也受幔内第一高层层控制,而莫霍面构造主要反映了近期构造阶段的地球动力学特征,它对区域构造控制较差。 相似文献
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中国南方大陆岩石圈结构分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
中国南方多条大地电磁剖面揭示,研究区内大陆岩石圈具清楚的层圈结构。根据高阻层、高导层间互成层的特点,可分出壳内、壳幔、幔内三组高导层。根据高导层的埋深、变形、组合特点,中国南方可分成华北、扬子、康滇中间、华夏四个微板块,各微板块可进一步分为陆壳板段和过渡壳板段。陆壳板段中各高导层广泛分布,地壳三分性清楚,产状平缓,有统一的结晶基底;过渡壳板段中各高导层常有缺失,倾角较大,常受到错断,没有统一的结晶基底。认为华北微板块与扬子微板块间的结合带具有不对称扇状结构的特点,而扬子微板块与华夏微板块间的结合带具有剪刀式闭合结构的特点。微板块之间的构造活动主要受幔内第一高导层控制,微板块内部的构造活动主要受中地壳高导层控制,也受幔内第一高导层控制;而莫霍面构造主要反映了近期构造阶段的地球动力学特征,它对区域构造控制较差。 相似文献
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大连上震旦统地震灾变事件研究 总被引：20，自引：4，他引：16
笔者在大连工作区的上震旦统南关岭组、甘井子组和营城子组碳酸盐岩地层中,识别出以震动液化脉、震动液化角砾岩、碳酸盐岩注积岩等震积岩为代表的古地震灾变事件层（工作区缺失上震旦统顶部的兴民村组震积岩）,这在工作区属首次发现,这一发现进一步提高了辽南震旦系的研究程度,证明了辽南地区晚震旦世存在4个地震活跃期,从而为区域地层对比提供了新的实际材料,新发现的甘井子组白云岩中的地震灾变事件层表现为白云石质的震动液化脉及液化卷曲变形,是对辽南震旦系研究程度的提高和丰富。 相似文献
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2010年青海玉树Ms 7.1级大地震引发了一系列次生地质灾害,其中地震落石是除地震滑坡外沿断裂带及其邻侧最常见的现象。对玉树震区落石的调查发现,该区多处存在非常典型的多期地震落石分布现象,指示该区地震落石的发育与其他古地震现象类似,具有多期性和一定的原地复发性。实地调查表明,该区地震落石分布的主要特征为:多集中发育在活动断裂带附近的陡峭基岩斜坡下方,分布零散,且滚动较远,并常与古地震滑坡相伴生。初步获得的8个地震落石钙膜U系测年结果分布在距今6030±300a BP、4720±210a BP、3530±490~3560±280a BP、2010±160a BP、1090±70a BP、760±20a BP和230±20a BP年龄段,与该区古地震探槽和滑坡反映的地震事件比较吻合,进一步揭示玉树断裂带附近在全新世中晚期发生过多期可导致地表产生地震落石的事件。同时也说明,地震落石及其钙膜测年是特别值得进一步探索的潜在古地震研究方法或途径。 相似文献
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Dextral‐Slip Thrust Faulting and Seismic Events of the Ms 8.0 Wenchuan Earthquake,Longmenshan Mountains,Eastern Margin of the Tibetan Plateau 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Abstract: Dextral-slip thrust movement of the Songpan-Garzê terrain over the Sichuan block caused the Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake of May 12, 2008 and offset the Central Longmenshan Fault (CLF) along a distance of ~250 km. Displacement along the CLF changes from Yingxiu to Qingchuan. The total oblique slip of up to 7.6 m in Yingxiu near the epicenter of the earthquake, decreases northeastward to 5.3 m, 6.6 m, 4.4 m, 2.5 m and 1.1 m in Hongkou, Beichuan, Pingtong, Nanba and Qingchuan, respectively. This offset apparently occurred during a sequence of four reported seismic events, EQ1–EQ4, which were identified by seismic inversion of the source mechanism. These events occurred in rapid succession as the fault break propagated northeastward during the earthquake. Variations in the plunge of slickensides along the CLF appear to match these events. The Mw 7.5 EQ1 event occurred during the first 0–10 s along the Yingxiu-Hongkou section of the CLF and is characterized by 1.7 m vertical slip and vertical slickensides. The Mw 8.0 EQ2 event, which occurred during the next 10–42 s along the Yingxiu-Yanziyan section of the CLF, is marked by major dextral-slip with minor thrust and slickensides plunging 25°–35° southwestward. The Mw 7.5 EQ3 event occurred during the following 42–60 s and resulted in dextral-slip and slickensides plunging 10° southwestward in Beichuan and plunging 73° southwestward in Hongkou. The Mw 7.7 EQ4 event, which occurred during the final 60–95 s along the Beichuan-Qingchuan section of the CLF, is characterized by nearly equal values of dextral and vertical slips with slickensides plunging 45°–50° southwestward. These seismic events match and evidently controlled the concentrations of landslide dams caused by the Wenchuan earthquake in Longmenshan Mountains. 相似文献
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Patrick J.BAROSH 《《地质学报》英文版》2009,83(4)
Dextral-slip thrust movement of the Songpan-Garze terrain over the Sichuan block caused the Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake of May 12, 2008 and offset the Central Longmenshan Fault (CLF) along a distance of-250 km. Displacement along the CLF changes from Yingxiu to Qingchuan. The total oblique slip of up to 7.6 m in Yingxiu near the epicenter of the earthquake, decreases northeastward to 5.3 m, 6.6 m, 4.4 m, 2.5 m and 1.1 m in Hongkou, Beichuan, Pingtong, Nanba and Qingchuan, respectively. This offset apparently occurred during a sequence of four reported seismic events, EQ1-EQ4, which were identified by seismic inversion of the source mechanism. These events occurred in rapid succession as the fault break propagated northeastward during the earthquake. Variations in the plunge of slickensides along the CLF appear to match these events. The Mw 7.5 EQ1 event occurred during the first 0-10 s along the Yingxiu-Hongkou section of the CLF and is characterized by 1.7 m vertical slip and vertical slickensides. The Mw 8.0 EQ2 event, which occurred during the next 10-42 s along the Yingxiu-Yanziyan section of the CLF, is marked by major dextral-slip with minor thrust and slickensides plunging 25°-35° southwestward. The Mw 7.5 EQ3 event occurred during the following 42-60 s and resulted in dextral-slip and slickensides plunging 10° southwestward in Beichuan and plunging 73° southwestward in Hongkou. The Mw 7.7 EQ4 event, which occurred during the final 60-95 s along the Beichuan-Qingchuan section of the CLF, is characterized by nearly equal values of dextral and vertical slips with slickensides plunging 45°-50° southwestward. These seismic events match and evidently controlled the concentrations of landslide dams caused by the Wenchuan earthquake in Longmenshan Mountains. 相似文献
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A network of 10 OBS operating in continuous recording mode was deployed in June 2003 in the Galicia passive Margin, surrounding the sinking zone of the ‘Prestige’ oil tanker. The OBSs recorded very different signals, including air-gun shots, seismic events, whale vocalizations or noise associated to ships, as well as two sets of atypical seismic signals that are the object of this contribution and can be described as harmonic tremors and short-duration events. Harmonic tremors appear in most sites as intense monochromatic signals lasting for up to 4 h, with coherent polarization and a wide range of amplitudes. Even if they may be recorded at different sites within a time interval, their envelopes are not correlated, suggesting a source origin at the vicinity of each receiver. A time periodicity close to 6 h is observed, suggesting a correlation with the tidal variation. Most OBSs show also a large number of impulsive events of short-duration, between 1 and 2 s, a very regular decrease of amplitude in the signal coda and characteristic frequency spectrum with one or two narrow peaks. As for the tremors, those events are detected only in individual sites, suggesting very local source zones. We favor the interpretation of both seismic features as coming from the resonance of fluid-filled cracks induced by impulsive pressure transients, in agreement with the theoretical model of Chouet [Chouet, B. 1988. Resonance of a fluid-driven crack: radiation properties and implications for the source of long-period events and harmonic tremor. J. Geophys. Res., 93, 4375–4400.]. The observed harmonic tremors would be the result of sustained pressure fluctuations, probably related to the stress variations induced by the tidal change of the oceanic load, while the short duration events are interpreted as the impulse response to the tremor-generating system. 相似文献
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地震偏移技术研究进展 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
以实现空间正确归位为目的的地震偏移技术方法业已历经了长足发展。三维叠前深度偏移成为人们理论研究的热点,然而在综合考虑偏移策略,算法、参数和速度等决定剖面质量因素之后,不难发现理论与实际应用上的巨大差距,近期地震偏移技术的研究进展迅速三维深度偏移和适用于复杂介质情况的综合方法将有望成为今后的发展方向。 相似文献
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地震沉积学是地震地层学和层序地层学的延续发展。最近10多年来,地震沉积学研究受到人们的高度重视,在地震沉积学理论、陆相碎屑沉积砂体、海相沉积砂体、碳酸盐岩和混积岩刻画、地震成岩相预测、砂体精细表征和开发地质应用、地球物理新方法新技术、RGB(Red-Green-Blue)地震属性融合、储集层预测技术以及三维可视化技术雕刻地质体等10个方面取得了长足进展。未来地震沉积学应该关注地震地貌学理论模型、地震岩性学新方法、勘探地震沉积学、开发地震沉积学、地球物理反演新方法和人工智能技术等方面的研究,不断完善地震沉积学理论方法,拓展地震沉积学在油气勘探开发等领域的应用,助力油气勘探开发提高经济效益。 相似文献
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The seismic sedimentology is a continuous development of seismic stratigraphy and sequence stratigraphy,and has been paid much attention in recent ten years,especially in its principle,continental and marine classic sedimentary sandbodies,carbonate and mixed deposits,prediction of seismic diagenetic facies,fine characterization of sandbodies,new geophysical methods and techniques,RGB fusion of seismic attributes,and 3D visualization carving geobodies,etc. The future development of seismic sedimentology should concentrate on seismic geomorphological model,new method of seismic lithology,seismic sedimentology for exploration and exploitation, geophysical inversion methods,and artificial intelligent technology,etc. The gradually improvement of theory and methods in seismic sedimentology as well as the extended application of seismic sedimentology in hydrocarbon exploration and exploitation will increase its economic efficiency. 相似文献