共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 171 毫秒
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《沙漠与绿洲气象(新疆气象)》2018,(3)
正一、项目背景及意义天山是中亚干旱区最大的、最重要的山系,西天山是新疆及中亚重要的水源地,掌握该地区较长时间尺度区域降水变化事实,并揭示其可能影响机制对于新疆气候变化和水资源利用至关重要。树木年轮是历史气候环境变化研究的主要代用资料之一。虽然天山树轮气候学研究成果众多,但大量重建序列集中在中国境内。 相似文献
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中亚区域气候与水文变化特征及其对全球气候变化的响应重要而复杂,伊塞克湖流域周边山区分布的天山云杉原始森林为揭示区域过去几百年气候水文变化事实和规律提供了良好的载体。本文利用伊塞克湖周边山区4个点的树木年轮宽度、入湖年径流量以及CRU格点气象资料,基于对树轮宽度指数对区域水文和气候要素响应关系分析,利用区域树轮宽度差值年表重建了伊塞克湖355a来的入湖径流量变化历史,二者线性转换方程的方差解释量为30．2％。重建径流量的丰枯阶段变化与天山北坡的玛纳斯河、乌鲁木齐河相对应。但与天山南坡的阿克苏河流域的径流量的低频变化特征不一致,在1850年前的变化趋势相反。空间相关分析发现伊塞克湖流域重建径流量变化能较好地代表中亚天山北坡以及哈萨克斯坦东南部和新疆北部平原区降水变化。此外,还发现了伊塞克湖径流量与北大西洋长周期年代际震荡（AMO）在年代际尺度的同步变化。 相似文献
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树木生长对气候变化的响应研究不仅能为全球变化背景下森林生态系统的响应提供关键参数，也是树轮气候学研究的基础。本文利用位于新疆西北部萨吾尔山南坡的西伯利亚落叶松树木年轮宽度资料，建立了不同海拔高度的4个树轮宽度年表，采用相关分析和冗余分析法分析了树轮年表特征及其对气候的响应特征。结果表明：（1）不同海拔西伯利亚落叶松树轮宽度年表均具有较高的敏感度和一致性，可能包含较为丰富的气候信息。树轮年表参数有较一致的规律性：平均敏感度、标准差和信噪比随海拔高度降低逐渐增大；反映树轮对环境要素响应滞后效应的一阶自相关系数随海拔高度降低而减小。（2）随着海拔高度的降低，树轮宽度年表与生长季温度（5—9月）的正相关逐渐减弱，直至变为负相关；与反映水分状况的气象要素（降水量、相对湿度和水汽压）由不显著相关变为显著正相关（P<0.01）。萨吾尔山南坡海拔2000~2100m是西伯利亚落叶松树轮宽度对气候响应关系发生转折的关键高度。（3）位于下树线区域西伯利亚落叶松树轮宽度受年降水量（上年7月至当年6月）和当年生长季（5—7月）最高气温共同影响，具备开展区域干旱指数重建的潜力。 相似文献
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秦莉 尚华明 喻树龙 ZHANG He-li JIANG Sheng-xi ZHANG Tong-wen LIU Ke-xiang GOU Xiao-xi 张瑞波 《沙漠与绿洲气象(新疆气象)》2021,15(3):1-9
全球气候变暖和大气CO2浓度(Ca)急剧上升已成为不争的事实,并对森林生态系统有着深远的影响,全面理解森林生态系统对全球变化的响应至关重要。中亚干旱区特有树种雪岭云杉(Picea schrenkiana Fisch. et Mey)树轮稳定碳同位素(δ13C)和水分利用效率(iWUE)对气候变暖和大气CO2浓度急剧上升的响应缺乏研究。本研究利用天山西部伊犁河流域的雪岭云杉树轮样本,使用树木年代学方法和树轮稳定碳同位素技术,建立树轮宽度年表、稳定碳同位素(δ13C)以及内禀水分利用效率(iWUE)序列,分析了树轮δ13C和iWUE的长期变化特征,探讨了树轮δ13C和iWUE对气候的响应规律以及iWUE与树轮宽度的关系。结果表明,主要的气候因子并没有强烈地限制树木径向生长;夏季平均气温对树轮δ13C分馏有重要影响,iWUE的长期变化受到全球Ca增加和升温趋势影响,但直接影响iWUE年际变化的主要因素是饱和水汽压亏缺(VPD)。全球升温和Ca增加导致了iWUE的持续升高,但并没有导致雪岭云杉树木径向生长的明显增加。 相似文献
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利用古松年轮资料重建陕西榆林气候 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为了较可靠的利用树木年轮气候学方法重建过去的气候,本文依据陕北长城沿线两棵稀有的古油松,经过合适取样和精确定年的树木年轮表,首先确立了它们各自生长状况对气候要素的响应函数,进一步明确年轮宽度与气候的关系.接着,选择可被重建的气候因子,并建立包括前期生长状况在内的、经过正交变换的转换函数,达到重建过去降水的目的. 相似文献
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张永 《沙漠与绿洲气象(新疆气象)》2015,9(5):9-15
高分辨率的树木年轮是记录历史时期气候变化的良好生物载体,在古气候研究中被广泛应用。但年轮宽度与气候因子之间有着复杂的联系,这种关系受气候因子之间的相互制衡和因物种而异的树木生长节律的共同影响。在利用树木年轮开展历史时期气候变化的研究中,剔除树木年轮与年龄相关的生长趋势是准确获取气候信号的先决条件。然而,传统的和相对改进的一些树轮标准化方法在拟合并剔除树龄相关的趋势及非气候干扰信息方面仍存在一些问题。本文利用经验模态分解(EMD)方法进行树轮资料的标准化方法研究, 对已获得的树轮生长序列所记录的信息进行分解,得到一系列不同物理意义的本征模态分量,结合多样本信息的对比及生物学特性,深入解读各分量表征的气候变化、环境干扰及缓慢生长趋势项等不同物理意义,进而剔除非气候信息,得到可以准确反映气候变化的代用序列,并将该方法与目前广泛采用的标准化方法进行对比,分析不同方法的利弊所在,为进一步改进树轮标准化方法提供新思路。 相似文献
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分析新疆地区现已取得的树轮水文学研究成果,选取基于树轮宽度重建的阿尔泰山、天山、昆仑山和塔里木河流域等区域共14条河流径流量序列,对各序列的水文历史变化特征进行对比和讨论,并对进一步开展新疆地区树轮水文学研究提出了建议和展望。研究结果表明:(1)水分是各流域树木径向生长的主要限制因子,且树木径向生长与河流径流量之间普遍存在正相关关系。(2)对新疆5个区域的河流径流量重建序列进行相关分析,发现阿尔泰山区域重建序列间的相关性较高,天山北坡次之,天山南坡最低。阿尔泰山与天山北坡径流量重建序列间亦存在较好的相关性。(3)14条河流径流量重建序列经31 a滑动平均处理后,结果显示同一区域内河流径流量序列丰枯变化的一致性相对较好。(4)5个区域内部径流量重建序列存在相同的极值年份,且重建序列的部分极值年份与历史记录的气候水文灾害相吻合。(5)新疆地区径流量重建序列的周期变化在高频上较为一致,均存在2～7 a的短周期,其径流量变化可能受到海陆大尺度气候振荡的影响。 相似文献
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为了解天山和阿尔泰山长期气候变化特征，利用基于树轮资料的25条历史气候序列，集成重建了天山和阿尔泰山近150 a的年降水量和夏季气温变化情况。结果显示：20世纪上半叶是天山区域极端气候年份频现时期，而阿尔泰山极端气候年份在20世纪上下半叶分布数量相当且在19世纪下半叶相对较少。两个山系极端低值气候年份的一致性更好,且与部分历史记录吻合。天山在过去150 a内大致经历了5个偏干时期和5个偏湿时期，以及3个偏冷时期和3个偏暖时期；阿尔泰山则经历了5个偏干时期和6个偏湿时期，以及4个偏冷时期和4个偏暖时期。此外，除均存在2～6 a左右的变化周期外，天山年降水量重建序列存在27～30 a和38～39 a的变化周期，夏季平均气温重建序列存在10.5 a、53.5 a和63.7 a的变化周期；阿尔泰山夏季均温存在12.6 a的变化周期。分析表明，ENSO对天山和阿尔泰山年降水量有显著影响，而太阳黑子数与阿尔泰山夏季气温呈滞后负相关关系。 相似文献
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Matthew W. Salzer Andrew G. Bunn Nicholas E. Graham Malcolm K. Hughes 《Climate Dynamics》2014,42(5-6):1517-1526
The instrumental temperature record is of insufficient length to fully express the natural variability of past temperature. High elevation tree-ring widths from Great Basin bristlecone pine (Pinus longaeva) are a particularly useful proxy to infer temperatures prior to the instrumental record in that the tree-rings are annually dated and extend for millennia. From ring-width measurements integrated with past treeline elevation data we infer decadal- to millennial-scale temperature variability over the past 4,500 years for the Great Basin, USA. We find that twentieth century treeline advances are greater than in at least 4,000 years. There is also evidence for substantial volcanic forcing of climate in the preindustrial record and considerable covariation between high elevation tree-ring widths and temperature estimates from an atmosphere–ocean general circulation model over much of the last millennium. A long-term temperature decline of ~?1.1 °C since the mid-Holocene underlies substantial volcanic forcing of climate in the preindustrial record. 相似文献
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Our ability to accurately predict the response of forests in eastern North America to future climatic change is limited by our knowledge of how different tree species respond to climate. When the climatic response of eastern hemlock is modeled across its range, we find that the assumed climatic response used in simulation models is not sufficient to explain how this species is presently responding to climate. This is also the case for red spruce growing in the northern Appalachian Mountains. Consequently, simulations of future change to forests that include eastern hemlock and red spruce may need to be improved. We suspect that similar findings will be made when other tree species are studied in detail using tree-ring analysis. If so, our present understanding of how individual tree species respond to climate may not be adequate for accurately predicting future changes to these forests. Tree-ring analysis can increase our understanding of how climate affects tree growth in eastern North America and, hence, provide the knowledge necessary to produce more accurate predictions. 相似文献
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本文计算和分析了天山中部昌吉地区6个云杉年表和该地区5个站生长季（5—9月）温度、降水的简单相关和多元相关。介绍了分析两组变量之间关系的典型相关方法、计算步骤、计算结果及其检验。指出干旱、半干旱的昌吉地区，树木轮宽指数（地点平均年表）与生长季温度为负相关，与降水正相关，而且该指数与降水的关系比与温度的关系更显著。后延一年的年轮指数与温度、降水的关系比年轮指数与温度、降水的同时相关显著得多。这为由树木年轮重建气候提供了依据。 相似文献
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Summary Estimates of spring precipitation for the inner Alpine dry valley of the upper Inn (Tyrol, Austria) are made back to A.D.
1724 using a ring width chronology of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) as predictor. A highly significant agreement in year-to-year ring width changes exists between several chronologies along
the dry valley. The dendroclimatic model used for climate reconstruction is a simple linear transfer function that estimates
April–June precipitation from current tree-ring width. All verification statistics commonly used in dendroclimatological research
are significant ( p < 0.01) and indicate that the reconstructed time series provides valuable information on past spring precipitation variability.
Reconstructed spring rainfall deficiencies and surpluses ≥ 20% compared to the long-term mean in 1819, 1832, 1834, 1865, 1885,
and in 1780, 1782, 1821, 1853, 1910, respectively, are also documented by local historical records. Furthermore, a comparison
is made with an independent climate reconstruction based on historical weather indices valid for the northern side of the
Swiss Alps. A fairly good agreement is found between both spring rainfall reconstructions at low frequency intervals during
1755–1862 and 1919–1981. This preliminary study shows that tree-rings can be used to reconstruct spring rainfall variability
for inner Alpine dry valleys.
Received December 18, 2000 Revised May 28, 2001 相似文献
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Rudolf Brázdil Petr Dobrovolný Jürg Luterbacher Anders Moberg Christian Pfister Dennis Wheeler Eduardo Zorita 《Climatic change》2010,101(1-2):7-40
Temperature reconstructions from Europe for the past 500 years based on documentary and instrumental data are analysed. First, the basic documentary data sources, including information about climate and weather-related extremes, are described. Then, the standard palaeoclimatological reconstruction method adopted here is discussed with a particular application to temperature reconstructions from documentary-based proxy data. The focus is on two new reconstructions; January–April mean temperatures for Stockholm (1502–2008), based on a combination of data for the sailing season in the Stockholm harbour and instrumental temperature measurements, and monthly Central European temperature (CEuT) series (1500–2007) based on documentary-derived temperature indices of the Czech Republic, Germany and Switzerland combined with instrumental records from the same countries. The two series, both of which are individually discussed in greater detail in subsequent papers in this special edition, are here compared and analysed using running correlations and wavelet analysis. While the Stockholm series shows a pronounced low-frequency component, the CEuT series indicates much weaker low-frequency variations. Both series are analysed with respect to three different long-period reconstructions of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and are compared with other European temperature reconstructions based on tree-rings, wine-harvest data and various climate multiproxies. Correlation coefficients between individual proxy-based series show weaker correlations compared to the instrumental data. There are also indications of temporally varying temperature cross-correlations between different areas of Europe. The two temperature reconstructions have also been compared to geographically corresponding temperature output from simulations with global and regional climate models for the past few centuries. The findings are twofold: on the one hand, the analysis reinforces the hypothesis that the index-data based CEuT reconstruction may not appropriately reflect the centennial scale variations. On the other hand, it is possible that climate models may underestimate regional decadal variability. By way of a conclusion, the results are discussed from a broader point of view and attention is drawn to some new challenges for future investigations in the historical climatology in Europe. 相似文献
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在天山北坡不同区域间隔海拔高度100 m左右采集5个树轮梯度年表,分析树木径向生长沿海拔高度变化的规律。结果发现:在树轮年表特征中,平均轮宽、树龄和敏感度等存在海拔梯度变化,平均轮宽和敏感度随海拔升高而降低,而平均树龄则与海拔高度呈正相关。高海拔采样点在同一区域和不同区域间一致性最好,低海拔采样点次之,而森林中部最差,东部和中部低海拔区域采样点的一致性要好于西部,坡向、坡度等小生境的差异也是影响树轮生长垂直变化规律的重要因素。存在同时影响不同海拔高度树轮生长的环境要素,西部和中部高海拔树木对该要素的响应更显著,在更为干旱的天山北坡中部和东部,对树木径向生长的影响较大的环境因子要多于西部伊犁地区。 相似文献
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通过对新疆天山北坡三屯河流域2个采点的云杉树轮宽度标准化年表与小渠子和大西沟气象站月降水相关普查分析发现,区域森林中下部林缘年表与小渠子气象站上年7月至当年6月的降水呈显著正相关,其相关系数为0.694（p〈0.000 1）,且具有明确的树木生理学意义。利用区域森林中下部林缘年表序列可较好地重建小渠子气象站146 a来上年7月至当年6月降水量。对天山北坡三屯河流域过去146 a降水变化特征分析表明：天山北坡三屯河流域降水大体经历了6个偏干阶段和6个偏湿阶段,具有2、4、7、14、26 a的变化准周期,1942年和1945年分别是三屯河流域甚至天山山区较大范围内过去146 a的降水最大年份和最小年份,降水的长期变化与天山山区变化趋势有很大的相似性。 相似文献
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Octavi Planells Emilia Gutiérrez Gerhard Helle Gerhard H. Schleser 《Climatic change》2009,97(1-2):229-252
This dendroclimatological research is based on two close pine forests (Pinus sylvestris and Pinus uncinata) located at the Northern Iberian System (Spain), and three tree-ring variables (ring widths, δ 13C and δ 18O). The climate-tree growth system was assessed at local and regional scales using three climate datasets. Calibration of tree-ring records with climate showed a diversity of information recorded in the different variables, such as a general response to temperature and precipitation of current growing period, and an important contribution of previous year conditions understood as the use of food reserves. The analysis of the stability of climate-tree growth relationships throughout the twentieth century showed a shift of those climatic variables to which trees responded and results suggested an enhancement of reserve use on current tree growth. The results obtained in this research made clear a physiological adaptation of trees to changing climate. The results provided hints that the recent warming coupled to slight precipitation decay are forcing growth of studied trees to a higher stress status and to a higher climate-growth synchronisation. These instabilities also have implications on future dendroclimatic reconstructions performed with trees growing under changing environments. 相似文献