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1.
安妮  蒋玺  钱焕  陈文奇  宁凡  陈华  秦能旭  周涌 《地质论评》2023,69(2):2023020028-2023020028
贵州涟江惠水段级次清晰的四级阶地是流域地貌阶段性演化的直观记录。笔者等利用差分GPS测量法精确厘定了涟江阶地的级序和高程,结合剖面观测发现从上游到下游,涟江惠水段阶地标高和级差逐渐降低,地貌面整体呈“收拢”趋势;阶地沉积物呈现砾石层厚度变小,砾石含量降低、砾径减小,砂质沉积占比增大趋势;阶地类型从基座阶地为主向堆积阶地为主演变。光释光(OSL)测年显示,T1阶地埋藏年龄31.2±2.0 ka BP到14.7±1.3 ka BP,T2阶地122.4±8.5 ka BP到66.9±3.8 ka BP,阶地年龄与贵州高原其他流域十分相近,具有同步演化特征。结合阶地时代和发育特征,认为贵州高原河流阶地是构造运动的产物。涟江四级阶地记录了在更新世以来四次构造抬升背景下,流域经过多期自北向南“削高补低”的地貌改造,逐步由构造洼地演变为山间盆地的地貌过程。  相似文献   

2.
北京西山大石河山峡阶地发育特征   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
大石河山峡总体上阶地较发育,阶地类型以基座阶地为主。下游陈家台—红煤场一带1~4级阶地发育较全,上游至庄户台一带,阶地数量减少,仅见一级阶地。上游沉积物多为砾石,砂、粘土等含量较少;而至下游,沉积物中砂、粘土组分的含量增加。红煤厂四级阶地棕红色泥质含砾粉砂中获得ESR年龄567±56ka,显示大石河河谷在第四纪中更新世早期初始发育,由于新构造运动产生间歇性隆升,在高位宽谷之下发育4级阶地,形成了如今的地貌特征,对比得出大石河流域辛开口至龙门台一段(山区)平均比降为7.71‰,600ka以来,大石河流域山区隆升速率为0.96mm/a。  相似文献   

3.
中更新世晚期以来高阶地发育与中游黄河贯通   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
黄河的形成演变,是综合反映东亚构造地貌和自然环境变迁的重大地质事件,中游是黄河演化的关键河段,也是研究意见分歧集中的河段。发育于晋陕峡谷北段的寺沟T5阶地代表了晋陕峡谷未沟通前的雏形黄河发育阶段,T4阶地代表了黄河的贯通形成。文中选择了自三门峡峡谷至河曲寺沟间不同地貌部位的5个T5阶地和1个T4阶地典型剖面进行了系统研究,通过对阶地上覆黄土野外地层划分、OSL和ESR年代测定及磁化率测试结果与黄土高原段家坡典型黄土地层的对比,确定T5阶地和T4阶地上覆黄土最底部地层分别为S2和S1古土壤层,由黄土地层年代序列确定两级阶地分别形成于250~200 ka BP和130~80 ka BP。根据阶地的分布和沉积特征,认为250 ka BP前后的构造活动是T5阶地形成的主因,此时雏形黄河自三门峡溯源侵蚀到了河津地区,但未沟通河套盆地。形成于130~80 ka BP期间的T4阶地发育,代表晋陕黄河北段与河套盆地得以沟通,现今黄河最终形成。  相似文献   

4.
青藏高原的隆升是新生代最壮观的地质事件,关于青藏高原隆升研究一直是地学界的研究焦点.河流阶地的发育记录了丰富的构造运动和气候变化的信息,近年来被广泛应用于构造运动和气候演变的研究,但前人研究的河流阶地基本分布在青藏高原的周缘,阶地的形成可能是气候与构造运动共同作用的结果.本文通过高分辨率卫星影像的解译,在青藏高原内部的西昆仑阿什库勒地区发现了多达七级的河流阶地.对该处河流阶地结构、沉积特征、几何特征的研究表明该阶地是典型的构造成因阶地.野外利用全站仪对河流阶地地貌形态进行了精细的测量,获得了各级阶地的拔河高度分别为4~5m(T1)、9~ 10m(T2)、16 ~ 18m(T3)、28~31m(T4)、45~48m(T5).通过宇宙成因核素10Be测年方法对各级阶地面的暴露年龄进行了测定,获得了各级阶地的形成时代分别为7.7±0.7ka(T1)、32.7±3.lka (T2)、53.6±2.5ka(T3)、115.7±23.2ka(T4)、166.8±10.4ka (T5)、19.5±8.5ka (T6).由此确定了晚第四纪166.8ka以来不同时期的河流下切速率总体介于0.2~0.35mm/yr,该速率代表了青藏高原西北部晚第四纪166.8ka以来的平均隆升速率.  相似文献   

5.
在系统整理分析前人成果资料基础上,对龙门山西南部与古青衣江改道相关的名山-邛崃砾石层和丹棱-思濛砾石层的砾石成分、砾度及砾向等统计资料进行分析和总结,讨论了砾石层的物源区、成因、形成时代等特征;结合对青衣江干流阶地最新的调查和测量结果,梳理总结了河流阶地的分布特征、高度、结构、发育程度和年龄等资料数据,并利用卫星遥感图像和数字高程模型(DEM)数据提取构造地貌和水系特征,发现青衣江流域地形是梯级降低的,其穿过的褶皱形成时间应该早于第四纪,并且第四纪时期青衣江形成的阶地是可连续对比的,其中宝兴-芦山段的阶地有过抬升,可能与该区的盲逆冲断层活动有关。依据青衣江流域的阶地特征,对水系演化变迁过程进行综合分析后提出,青衣江改道很可能是由于新构造期间河流多次袭夺造成的,其中龙门山西南段的盲逆冲断层活动引起的局部隆升为袭夺提供了构造条件。   相似文献   

6.
乐安江是德兴铜矿地区的主要水系,为查明乐安江德兴铜矿段河流阶地发育情况及其所产生的环境效应,对乐安江海口镇—泗州镇坑口段—乐平市洺口镇戴村村段及大坞河与浮溪河所发育的河流阶地进行划分,并运用光释光(OSL,Opically Stimulated Luminesecence)测年方法对此段乐安江低阶地的形成时代进行测定。得到以下认识:研究区乐安江至少发育五级阶地,T5拔河高度约50 m,T4拔河在28~40 m之间,T3拔河在20~30 m之间,T2拔河高度在12~22 m之间,T1拔河高度在6~15 m之间;另外研究区乐安江支流大坞河与浮溪河,也有3~5级阶地发育。该段乐安江三级阶地上沉积物的OSL年龄为(120.6±5.8)~(153.6±8.1)ka,二级阶地上沉积物OSL年龄为(43.0±1.8)~(109.9±4.6)ka,一级阶地上沉积物OSL年龄为(0.9±0.1)~(1.2±0.1)ka。四级阶地可能形成于倒数第二次间冰期。以上认识填补了乐安江河流阶地研究的空白,为今后研究区第四纪地质的研究奠定了一定的基础。结合大坞河一、二级阶地上土壤、种植物中重金属含量分析,认为研究乐安江德兴铜矿段及其支流的河流阶地对确定德兴铜矿所排放出的酸性废水的影响范围及该地区的农业区划具有重要意义。  相似文献   

7.
地表调查发现,横穿龙门山南段的青衣江具有上游以发育深切峡谷为主,而中下游段阶地发育较完整的特点。采用光释光测年方法对现今青衣江低阶地进行年代学测试分析,获得了低阶地的形成年代,并结合对前人资料的对比和对青衣江河流阶地已有年代学数据的分析,基本确定青衣江中下游地区的T1~T7阶地主要形成于距今7.7~9.0ka,40~50ka,75~85ka,129ka,149ka,270~300ka,740ka。结合地表调查结果进一步推断,现今青衣江主河道在中更新世及之前已经存在。因此,现今的青衣江究竟是因断块整体倾斜式改道还是后期河流袭夺而形成需进一步研究。另外,据青衣江低阶地地貌面的年龄数据估算,龙门山南段青衣江流域不同段落的晚第四纪河流下切速率不同,中更新世以来,芦山至大岗顶段的河流下切速率明显较大,很可能是芦山地震发震构造(盲逆断层)在晚第四纪期间存在持续活动的地貌响应。  相似文献   

8.
本文通过对龙门山南段青衣江阶地的研究, 尝试以常量元素所体现的风化特征, 来解决阶地对比的问题, 并取得了一定的进展。通过主量元素的分析, 发现CIA指标、 A-CN-K三角模型等, 在区分不同年龄的阶地有很好的效果, 而且沉积物砾石之间的基质颜色也一定程度地反映了新老关系。结合流域内更古老洪积扇的研究, 发现河流阶地在距今200ka内化学风化速度较稳定, 但更老的地貌面风化呈现非线性。另外, 在本文研究的600ka时间尺度内, 阶地风化速度与全球气候变化相关, 体现为冰期风化速度慢, 间冰期风化速度快, 并具一定的滞后效应。  相似文献   

9.
西昆仑山前河流阶地的形成及其构造意义   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
王永  王军  肖序常  迟振卿  王彦斌 《地质通报》2009,28(12):1779-1785
西昆仑山前河流普遍发育6级阶地,利用光释光(OSL)与热释光(TL)方法对采自西昆仑山前几条主要河流的低阶地堆积物样品进行年代测定。研究结果显示,主要河流低阶地的形成具有同时性,构造活动是河流阶地形成的主要控制因素。河流阶地的年龄测定结果表明,西昆仑山前河流阶地最早形成于约1.2Ma,T4、T3、T2阶地分别形成于约39ka、18ka和5ka。多级阶地的形成反映了河流自早更新世中期开始下切于活动抬升的西昆仑山。河流阶地的发育及区域对比揭示了西昆仑第四纪晚期以来的隆升过程,区域构造活动明显地影响河流的形态与行为。河流阶地的分布、地貌特征及区域对比表明,河流阶地的形成与演化受新构造活动、山脉隆升、气候变化等多种因素的影响。  相似文献   

10.
地貌年代是新构造特别是活动构造定量研究的瓶颈问题.通过对川滇块体北东边界构造带所在的区域气候变化过程和地貌研究成果的综合分析.利用众多的年代学数据,从区域尺度对地貌的年代、形态和物质组成等特征对比分析,探讨了该区冰川地貌、河流阶地和冲洪积扇的演化特征,揭示了区域气候变化与区域性地貌演化存在的内在对应关系.气候变化产生的气温、湿度、降水量等变化控制了该区冰川地貌和流水地貌的演化.区域内冰川地貌主要是末次冰期的产物,对应于末次冰期两个冰阶,河流作用在7~10ka和1~5ka两个阶段改造末次冰期堆积地貌形成相应的侵蚀地貌.主要河流阶地发育对应于降水量剧烈变化的气候过程,其中形成三级阶地而的流水下切作用最强,随后堆积的深厚物质是二级阶地的主体,并一直没有被后期流水下切作用蚀穿,与气候变化的强度等特点对应.区内冲洪积扇主要有3个堆积时期,即3~5ka,7~10ka和20~25ka,主要发育在气候变化最剧烈的时期,大量的碎屑物形成并短距离搬运堆积.将区域分析综合的结果应运到康定南团结乡附近的地貌分析,可以很好的理解该区的地貌演化,用侵蚀改造的地貌演化结论否认了以前的堆积地貌认识,理清了地貌发育的年龄序列.综合分析与应用的结果表明,区域气候-地貌-构造系统研究对于活动构造年代学具有非常重要的意义.  相似文献   

11.
<正>The Huang Shui River,a main tributary of the Yellow River,crosses a series of tectonically subsided and uplifted areas that show different patterns of terrace formation.The distribution of fluvial terrace of the Huang Shui River is studied through topographic and sedimentologic terrace mapping.Three terraces in the Haiyan Basin,four terraces in the Huangyuan Basin,19 terraces in the Xi'ning Basin(the four high terraces may belong to another river),nine terraces in the Ping'an Basin, five terraces in the Ledu Basin and 12 terraces in the Minhe Basin are recognized.Sedimentology research shows that the geomorphologic and sedimentological pattern of the Huang Shui River,which is located at the margin of Tibet,are different from that of the rivers at other regions.The formation process of the terrace is more complicated at the Huang Shui catchment:both accumulation terrace and erosion terrace were formed in each basin and accumulation terraces were developed in some basins when erosion terraces were formed in other basins,indicating fluvial aggradation may occur in some basins simultaneously with river incision in other basins.A conceptual model of the formation process of these two kinds of fluvial terraces at Huang Shui catchment is brought forward in this paper.First,the equilibrium state of the river is broken because of climatic change and/or tectonic movement,and the river incises in all basins in the whole catchment until reaching a new equilibrium state.Then,the downstream basin subsides quickly and the equilibrium state is broken again,and the river incises at upstream basins while the river accumulates at the subsidence basin quickly until approaching a new equilibrium state again.Finally,the river incises in the whole catchment because of climatic change and/or tectonic movement and the accumulation terrace is formed at the subsidence basin while the erosion terrace is formed at other basins.The existence of the accumulation terrace implied the tectonic subsidence in the sub-basins in Huang Shui catchment.These tectonic subsidence movements gradually developed from the downstream Minhe Basin to the upstream Huangyuan Basin.Dating the terrace sequence has potential to uncover the relationship between the subsidence in the catchment and the regional tectonic at the northeastern Tibetan Plateau.  相似文献   

12.
黄河贵德段河流阶地及演变研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
贵德盆地作为青藏高原东北部的一个构造地貌单元,处于黄河上游中段,盆地中河流阶地发育,但是阶地的形成时代仍存在很大争议.选择贵德盆地黄河阶地作为研究对象,并从龙羊峡至松坝峡共采集阶地ESR测年样品10个,进行了年代测试,结果表明贵德盆地新构造运动具有间歇性、差异性特征.笔者还并分析了黄河贵德段演变特征  相似文献   

13.
The technique of optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating applied to fluvial sediments provided a geochronological framework of river terrace formation in the middle part of the Dunajec River basin – a reference area for studies of evolution of river valleys in the northern part of the Carpathians (West Carpathians). Fluvial sediments at 18–90 m above valley bottoms were dated in the valleys of the Dunajec River and one of its tributaries. The resulting ages range from 158.9±8.3 to 12.2±1.3 ka. This indicates that some of the terrace sediments were deposited much later than previously assumed on the grounds of a combined morphostratigraphical and climatostratigraphical approach. The OSL‐based chronostratigraphy of terrace formation consists of seven separate phases of fluvial aggradation, separated by periods of incision and lateral erosion. Some of the ages determined correspond to warm stages of the Pleistocene – Marine Isotope Stage 3 (MIS 3) and MIS 5 – demonstrating that some terraces were formed during interstadial or interglacial periods. The results provide a key for evaluating rates of neotectonic uplift, allowing us to decipher the response of a fluvial system to climate change within the context of the glacial–interglacial scheme.  相似文献   

14.
Lacustrine, alluvial terraces and sediments record at least one Holocene glacially dammed lake in Songzong Basin immediately upstream of the Purlung TsangpoRiver, a main tributary of the downstream of Yarlung Tsangpo River, at the northeastern syntaxis of the Himalaya. The lacustrine deposit is more than 88 meters thick at the SongzongLandslide. There is an 18.33 meters thick layer of lacustrine silt within the lacustrine terrace. The Optical Simulated Luminescence (OSL) ages at the bottom and top of the lacustrine silt layerare 22.5±3.3ka B.P., and 16.1±1.7ka B.P., respectively, which indicates that the lacustrine deposits were formed during the Last Glacial Maximum ranging from 25kaB.P. to 15kaB.P.The ancient shorelines and the lake erosion zone confirm the preexistence of Songzong Lake. There are also terraces formed by moraines in the Songzong Basin. The high and large moraineterrace seen near the mouth of the Dongqu Valley is very prominent. The special characteristics of thelacustrine sediment and the ancient lake line in the Songzong Basin indicate that the lacustrinesediments are related to the blocking of the Purlung Tsangpo River by a glacier from DongquValley during Last Glacial Maximum.  相似文献   

15.
东昆仑山东段北坡河流阶地发育及其与构造隆升的关系   总被引:21,自引:2,他引:19  
河流系统的发育往往能反映相关地质作用的细节.对东昆仑山东段北坡众多河流阶地及其沉积物的研究表明, 该区在早更新世晚期昆仑-黄河运动之后形成的东西向盆岭相间的地貌特征奠定了早期河流为东西向外流水系的基础; 中更新世晚期以来的又一次强烈构造抬升事件———共和运动, 导致昆仑山北坡各主要河流迅速溯源侵蚀发展, 伴随河流袭夺而形成现今的水系格局; 晚更新世晚期存在一段相对较长的构造稳定期, 河谷普遍发生堆积作用, 形成分布广泛且厚度较大的晚更新世冲积层; 接近全新世以来构造运动频繁而隆升的幅度趋于减弱, 形成了5级河流阶地, 并且阶地的发育类型普遍为以高级阶地(T5) 为基座的上叠阶地, 河流至今未能切穿晚更新世稳定期形成的厚冲积层.   相似文献   

16.
人地关系是现代地理学重要的研究课题,其中地貌是影响古人类文化进程的重要因素。基于研究区野外地貌考察和沉积物的光释光年代测定,并利用地理信息系统分析技术,探讨山西省太原盆地全新世地貌演化过程、人类聚落分布变化规律及两者之间的关系。研究结果表明: 从仰韶到夏商时期,太原盆地平原区一直是不适宜人类居住的河流和湖泊环境,而在盆地边缘有一圈环绕盆地的黄土台地,所以人类文化遗址一直呈环状分布于太原盆地边缘。晚更新世,盆地边缘以洪积过程为主,盆地中部以河流过程为主,形成了盆地边缘高、中间低的地势;晚更新世末期到全新世早期,由于盆地中部构造下陷与气候转变为暖湿的共同影响,盆地边缘地带下切形成黄土丘陵或台地。此时,太原盆地的仰韶文化遗址就分布在环盆地边缘的黄土台地和黄土丘陵上。到了龙山早期,盆地东侧中部陷落平原边缘地势稍高的地区,由于河流进一步下切而高出洪水水位,龙山早期先民开始进入这些地势稍高的平原地区活动;盆地西侧清徐—文水一带也转为下切,形成低台地,开始有人类在此台地上活动。到了龙山晚期,盆地平原区及各河流均发生向上加积,导致盆地平原区水位上升,洪水影响扩大到平原边缘地区,太谷—介休一带,龙山晚期先民开始退出平原地区。夏商时期,先民也从清徐—文水一带低台地上退出。约距今3,ka之后,随着灵石隆起段汾河干流的下切,太原盆地边缘地带及中部平原区河流均有不同程度的下切,人类聚落才又开始向平原地区扩展。全新世太原盆地的地貌演化是影响古人类聚落分布的主要因素。  相似文献   

17.
In the Northeastern Tibetan Plateau (NETP), the courses of the Huang Shui and Huang He near their confluence are characterized by alternating gorges and wide depressions, segmenting the fluvial systems. The river valleys have developed terrace staircases, which are used to infer relative tectonic motions between the segments. The terrace staircases are correlated by means of relative height and optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating. At least eight terraces are present, two of which have been dated by OSL (the sixth and the third ones; c. 70 and c. 24 ka, respectively). The correlated longitudinal terrace profiles show no distinct relative tectonic movements within the confluence area, demonstrating that this area behaved as one tectonic block. The correlation of the terrace staircase of this block with areas upstream (Xining area) and downstream (eastern Lanzhou area) indicates relative tectonic movements, which therefore represent different tectonic blocks. The fluvial incision rate since c. 70 ka was much higher in the confluence area than in the blocks upstream and downstream, possibly indicating relative uplift. This relatively strong uplift provided more space for differentiation within the terrace staircase as a result of climatic changes, leading to six terraces formed as a response to minor climatic fluctuations (103–104 year timescale) since the last interglacial. This may indicate that the stronger the tectonic movement the better the climatic imprint as expressed in the form of terrace development. Over a shorter timescale, two accumulation terraces with thick stacked deposits (>18 m) may indicate relative subsidence in the confluence, occurring sometime between 20 and 70 ka. This indicates changes in relative vertical crustal motions at timescales of tens of thousands of years. We speculate that the inferred tectonic motions are related to transpression movements in the NETP as a result of the collision of the Indian and Asian plates.  相似文献   

18.
雅鲁藏布江是青藏高原上的一条大河, 其河谷地貌和地质环境演化的发育历史对于青藏高原地质研究有重要意义。前人用ESR和14C测年方法对雅鲁藏布江河谷两岸广泛分布河湖相沉积物、冰碛物测年确定了有四期堰塞湖。作者用光释光(OSL, Opically Stimulated Luminesecence)测年方法分析采集到的湖相样品年龄为(50.9±2.1) ka BP和(1.8±0.1) ka BP, 证明雅鲁藏布江大拐弯处末次冰期早冰阶和新冰期存在 古堰塞湖。  相似文献   

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