共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 187 毫秒
1.
为揭示伦坡拉盆地渐新世—中新世之交黏土矿物蕴含的古气候信息,探讨其与青藏高原隆升及全球气候响应过程的关系,利用X射线衍射和荧光光谱分析对蒋日阿错剖面的黏土矿物特征进行了深入研究。结果表明:区内泥质岩中黏土矿物以伊/蒙混层矿物为主,伊利石次之,仅含有少量绿泥石和蒙脱石。黏土矿物的垂向组合特征显示伊利石和绿泥石含量在剖面下部低、上部高,伊/蒙混层含量与之相反,伊/蒙混层和伊利石在剖面中部呈明显波动变化,蒙脱石只出现在剖面中下部,可能为区域火山喷发产物在碱性环境中蚀变而成。伊利石结晶度变化于0.24°~0.48°,平均值为0.41°,表明样品未发生明显成岩蚀变,主微量元素比值指示研究区物源位置未发生较大改变,因此研究剖面黏土矿物特征可以有效反映伦坡拉盆地古气候演化过程。根据自生黏土矿物的习性指出伦坡拉盆地在渐新世—中新世之交出现了一次明显的降温事件,并且这次降温在青藏高原内部及周缘地区普遍存在,但造成这次降温事件的根本原因仍值得进一步探讨。 相似文献
2.
为揭示临夏盆地晚渐新世沉积物的矿物组成对环境气候的指示意义, 利用X射线衍射和扫描电子显微分析方法, 对临夏盆地晚渐新世的沉积物的矿物组成以及坡缕石的矿物学特征进行了深入的研究.结果表明, 沉积物中的坡缕石主要为自生成因, 极少量具有碎屑成因.自生成因的坡缕石呈细长丝状的形态特征, 往往沿片状的伊/蒙混层粘土矿物颗粒的边缘交代、生长;碎屑成因的坡缕石呈平直细纤维状的, 以单颗粒形式产出, 与细小的粘土矿物颗粒混杂, 或叠合在片状粘土矿物颗粒的表面.在临夏盆地晚渐新世沉积物中, 下段岩层中的粘土矿物组合为伊利石、伊/蒙混层粘土和高岭石;中段岩层的为伊利石、伊/蒙混层粘土;而上段岩层则为伊利石、伊/蒙混层粘土和绿泥石, 反映在盆地形成之后, 气候演化经历从湿润→冷干的变化过程.而沉积物中坡缕石的含量自下而上逐渐增多, 其分布特征与粘土矿物组合所反映的气候环境变化趋势相吻合.伊利石和伊/蒙混层粘土普遍存在于临夏盆地晚渐新世沉积物中, 伊利石、伊/蒙混层粘土和高岭石的共存表明这些粘土矿物具有不同的来源.坡缕石是干旱、半干旱地区泥灰岩风化以及风成沙漠尘土沉积物的特征矿物, 临夏盆地晚渐新世的沉积物中碎屑成因坡缕石的发现, 表明自~9Ma以来便出现风成黄土的沉积. 相似文献
3.
伦坡拉盆地位于青藏高原腹地,是感应高原隆升过程和环境变化效应的核心地带,不仅能够记录大陆碰撞过程、岩石圈和地壳变形历史,也是获取高原腹地地形地貌演化环境和气候变迁信息最理想的场所。为揭示伦坡拉盆地晚始新世-早渐新世古气候信息,选取盆地西南缘382道班剖面牛堡组二段细粒沉积物样品,通过主、微量元素分析,采用元素组合(C值)、Rb/Sr、Sr/Cu和Sr/Ba等比值以及化学蚀变指数(CIA)、元素风化指数(α)、Ln(Al2O3/Na2O)等多种化学风化指数研究了源区风化作用强度,讨论了古气候演化特征。结果表明：伦坡拉盆地牛堡组二段沉积期古气候整体较为干旱,但在始新世-渐新世之交存在一个明显的降温事件,该降温事件并不局限于伦坡拉盆地,在青藏高原及周缘其它地区也被广泛记录,是新生代始新世-渐新世全球降温事件的陆内响应。 相似文献
4.
伦坡拉盆地西部丁青湖组新发现凝灰岩锆石U- Pb年龄及其地层学意义 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
伦坡拉盆地丁青湖组沉积时代的确定对于研究青藏高原中部的古高度和古气候具有重要的地质意义,但由于没有精确的年龄数据,其顶部是否跨入了新近系,一直以来都存在争论。作者在伦坡拉盆地西部鄂加卒地区开展野外调查过程中,在该剖面中部和上部新发现两套凝灰岩夹层,对凝灰岩进行了LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年,获得了两件凝灰岩样品的形成年龄分别为24.05±0.24Ma(MSWD=1.07,n=24)和22.64±0.33Ma(MSWD=0.45,n=17),时代分别为晚渐新世和早中新世。根据凝灰岩锆石U-Pb年龄和前人研究成果,将鄂加卒剖面的细碎屑岩地层重新厘定为丁青湖组,并将丁青湖组的沉积时代定为渐新世-中中新世。根据丁青湖组地层厚度及沉积速率估算,该组沉积持续时间在21～23Ma之间,其顶部地层的年龄在11～13Ma左右。由此可见,伦坡拉盆地接受连续沉积一直持续到了中中新世,这比过去普遍认识的晚始新世-渐新世时期青藏高原中部的古高度和古气候变化时间更晚。前人在该地区发现的近无角犀化石、攀鲈鱼化石、棕榈科叶片化石以及孢粉化石等研究结果共同证实,青藏高原中部渐新世晚期的古海拔高度低于～2500～3000 m。因此,该区晚渐新世-早中新世温暖潮湿的气候特征很可能是受到了印度洋气流穿透的影响,而且该影响可能一直持续到了中中新世,从而造就了该时期青藏高原生物的多样性。 相似文献
5.
循化盆地晚渐新世-早中新世沉积物中黏土矿物特征及其古气候指示意义 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜分析方法,对青海循化盆地晚渐新世-早中新世沉积物中黏土矿物的微观形貌、体积分数、结晶度及其古气候指示作用进行了深入的研究。分析结果表明,晚渐新世盆地沉积物中的黏土矿物主要为蒙脱石、伊利石、坡缕石和绿泥石,以蒙脱石为主,指示循化地区总体为相对温暖潮湿的气候条件,蒙脱石、伊利石和绿泥石相对体积分数及伊利石、蒙脱石结晶度值均出现明显的周期性波动,表明循化地区气候经历了干旱-温暖潮湿交替的变化;早中新世盆地沉积物中的黏土矿物主要为伊利石、蒙脱石和绿泥石,以伊利石为主,各黏土矿物体积分数及伊利石、蒙脱石结晶度值的变化范围不大,表明循化地区气候以相对持续冷干为特征。从晚渐新世到早中新世,气候条件由相对温暖潮湿到相对冷干的转变,揭示其间(约21.3Ma)出现了一次极端的降温事件,可能与青藏高原隆升及亚洲沙漠化密切相关。 相似文献
6.
青海循化盆地晚渐新世沉积物中坡缕石的特征及其古气候指示意义 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用X射线衍射和扫描电子分析方法,对青海循化盆地晚渐新世沉积物的矿物组成、坡缕石的矿物学特征以及古气候指示作用进行了深入的研究。结果表明,晚渐新世循化盆地沉积物中粘土矿物组成主要有蒙脱石、伊利石、坡缕石和绿泥石等;坡缕石一般呈纤维状或者针状,沿片状蒙脱石的边缘及表面交代生长,为典型自生成因的坡缕石。坡缕石是干旱-半干旱气候条件的特征矿物,其出现表明循化地区晚渐新世气候特征较为干旱,与粘土矿物组合及伊利石结晶度所反映的气候环境信息相吻合;沉积物中坡缕石相对含量及有序度自下而上逐渐增大,说明循化地区的干旱化逐渐加剧。循化地区晚渐新世(～23 Ma)的干旱化可能与青藏高原隆升或者全球气候变冷事件密切相关。 相似文献
7.
8.
《地质通报》2020,(7)
藏北尼玛盆地自白垩纪以来沉积了巨厚的陆相碎屑岩夹灰岩地层,由于缺乏生物化石证据,其地层时代一直存在较大的争议。最近,在尼玛盆地东部赛布错一带的细碎屑岩夹灰岩地层中发现大量的昆虫、鱼类和植物化石。昆虫化石主要为伦坡拉大黾蝽Aquarius lunpolaensis,与伦坡拉盆地达玉地区和尼玛盆地西部江弄淌噶地区报道的种属形态特征基本一致,显示该套地层为晚渐新世丁青湖组沉积,而不是竟柱山组或牛堡组。另外,伦坡拉大黾蝽主要生活在温暖湿润的低海拔地区,结合近年在青藏高原中部伦坡拉盆地和尼玛盆地晚渐新世地层中发现的热带-亚热带鱼类和大植物化石组合,指示青藏高原腹地在晚渐新世为温暖湿润的低地环境,而不是过去认为的高寒气候。 相似文献
9.
为探究青藏高原的气候环境演化, 对青藏高原不同部位的盆地沉积物的粘土矿物特征进行深入系统的研究.结果表明, 古新世阶段—始新世阶段时期, 青藏高原古气候以行星风系居主导地位, 青藏高原北部以温暖和季节性干旱为特征.柴达木地区在~36 Ma的降温事件则明显早于全球降温事件(~34 Ma)近2 Ma.在渐新世(34~23 Ma)期间, 古气候以干旱炎热为特征, 但气温相对要低于始新世.在中新世—上新世(23.0~2.6 Ma)期间, 青藏高原北缘的柴达木、循化盆地均在~21.5 Ma发生气候变冷事件, 而8~7 Ma的气候变化事件遍及整个青藏高原.在藏南的吉隆盆地、青藏高原西北部的叶城盆地, ~1.8 Ma之前的盆地沉积物中仍然有相当高含量的蒙脱石, 说明这些地区在~1.8 Ma之前, 虽然总体上气候变冷、变干, 但仍然处于一种相对湿润的气候环境. 相似文献
10.
广西柳桥地区二叠系-三叠系界线附近黏土矿物及古气候特征 总被引：3，自引：3，他引：3
对广西柳桥地区深水相二叠系-三叠系界线地层进行了详细的黏土矿物研究,依据黏土矿物种类的质量分数将东攀剖面划分为3个带.质量分数总体较高的蒙脱石和伊利石组合的出现,说明该区当时处于中低纬度温和干湿交替的古气候环境.大隆组绝大部分地层出现质量分数相对稳定的高岭石,表明晚二叠世末具有温暖-炎热潮湿气候的特点.大隆组顶部(第二带)伊蒙混层的剧增,表明火山活动增强.罗楼组(第三带)中高岭石和伊蒙混层消失,主要的黏土矿物为伊利石,表明火山活动明显减弱,气候变成温和干旱.剖面中长石和伊利石呈逐渐增多的趋势,表明相对海平面下降,陆源物注入量逐渐增加,这与沉积相的分析结果相吻合. 相似文献
11.
SONG Eping ZHANG Kexin CHEN Jiangjun WANG Chaowen JIANG Gaolei YIN Ke HONG Hanlie CHURCHMAN Jock Gordon 《《地质学报》英文版》2014,88(5):1579-1591
This study collected the early Oligocene to middle Miocene sediments from the Gerze Basin of Tibet, and used X-Ray diffraction （XRD） and Scanning Electron Microscope （SEM） to discuss their clay mineralolgy, clay indices, better understand the clay mineralogy and its paleoclimatic significance. The results show that clay minerals of the Gerze Basin sediments are mainly composed of iilite and chlorite, with minor amounts of smectite and kaolinite, and their relative content varies along the section. Variations of relative contents and clay indices suggest that the Gerze Basin has experienced three-stage evolution of paleoclimate： I ） high ilUte and chlorite contents, with fluctuant smectite and low （I＋Ch）/（K＋S） ratio, indicative of a dominant seasonal arid climate from the early Oligoeene to late Oligocene; Ⅱ） higher illite and chlorite contents and larger （I＋Ch）/（K＋S） ratio but absence of kaolinite, indicating a colder and drier climate from the late Oligocene to early Miocene; Ⅲ） high iilite and chlorite contents with fluctuant （I＋Ch）/（K＋S） ratios and occasional occurrence of kaolinite, suggesting that the climate became warmer and more humid compared with that of stage Ⅱ in the mid-Miocene. These conclusions were also reinforced by the clay morphology, which suggests that physical weathering dominated in stage Ⅱ, while relatively strong chemical weathering was dominant in stages Ⅰ and Ⅲ Clay minerals of the sediments mainly consist of illite and chlorite, indicating that the source rock played a significant role in clay origin. It is inferred that global cooling and the enhancement of denudation and obstruction of northward moisture due to the uplift of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau were responsible for the provenance of iUite and chlorite under weak chemical weathering. Though the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau reached a certain elevation by the mid-Miocene, yet the mid-Miocene widespread warming might have largely impacted the Gerze climate. 相似文献
12.
粘土矿物在黄河源区古气候研究中的应用 总被引：17，自引：2，他引：15
沉积物中粘土矿物的组成具有一定的古气候指示意义。利用沉积物中粘土矿物的组成探讨了黄河源区全新世的古气候变迁。通过X衍射方法分析了一个全新世地层剖面的粘土矿物类型和含量的变化,这些粘土矿物主要由伊利石、伊蒙混层矿物和少量的高岭石、绿泥石组成。对粘土矿物含量变化的分析和对比研究表明,黄河源区在全新世的气候寒冷干燥,即使在大暖期也显得温凉。全新世的气候演变可划分为3个阶段,即早全新世的干冷期、中全新世的温凉期(大暖期)和晚全新世的干冷期。在大暖期,在7 0kaB P 和5 0kaB P 前后发生了两次较强的降温事件。 相似文献
13.
With the analysis of the sources and formation mechanism of the clay minerals in the sediment core from the Dalianhai lake in the Gonghe Basin,northeastern Tibet-Qinghai Plateau,clay mineral composition proxies,grain-size and carbonate contents have been employed for high-resolution study in order to reconstruct East Asian Summer Monsoon （EASM） over the northeastern Tibet-Qinghai Plateau during the lastdeglacial.The study also extended to establish a relationship between vegetation cover changes and erosion during the last 14.5 ka with pollen record and clay mineral proxies.Smectite/kaolinite and smectite/（illite＋chlorite） ratios allow us to assess hydrolysis conditions in lowlands and/or physical erosion process in highlands of the Gonghe Basin.Before 12.9 Cal ka BP,both mineralogical ratios show low values indicative of strong physical erosion in the basin with a dominant cold and dry phase.After 12.9 Cal ka BP,an increase in both mineralogical ratios indicates enhanced chemical weathering in the basin associated with a warm and humid climate.The beginning of Holocene is characterized by high smectite/（illite＋chlorite） and smectite/kaolinite ratios that is synchronous as with deposition of many peat laminae,implying the best warm and humid conditions specifically between 8.0 to 5.5 Cal ka BP.The time interval after 5.0 Cai ka BP is characterized by a return to high physical erosion and low chemical weathering with dry climate conditions in the basin.Comparing variations of clay mineral assemblages with previous pollen results,we observe a rapid response in terms of chemical weathering and physical erosion intensity to a modification of the vegetation cover in the basin. 相似文献
14.
15.
Industrial uranium orebodies have recently been found through in-depth uranium exploration in the Luohe Formation in the southwestern Ordos Basin, which is an important breakthrough in deep prospecting for sandstone-type uranium deposits. The composition, content and characteristics of clay minerals in the Luohe Formation in the Zhenyuan area were systematically studied by means of thin section identification, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and altered mineral spectral scanning. Unlike the most important uranium-bearing rock series in the Zhiluo Formation in the northeast and southwest of the basin, the ore-bearing Luohe Formation sandstone has low contents of clay minerals while the clay mineral assemblages vary in different sand bodies. Among them, the main types of mudstone, oxidized sandstone, calcareous sandstone and mineralized sandstone are illite-smectite mixed-layer mineral and illite, followed by kaolinite and chlorite, the main types uranium-rich sandstone and gray-green sandstone are kaolinite and illite-smectite mixed-layer mineral, followed by illite and chlorite. Even though adsorption of clay minerals, such as chlorite, illite-smectite mixed-layer mineral, kaolinite, and illite may contribute to U enrichment and uranium mineral precipitation, no correlation between clays and uranium minerals have been observed, indicating that clay minerals are not the main factor affecting uranium enrichment during the deep metallogenic process. The study of clay minerals in the Luohe Formation sandstone demonstrated that there are at least two phases of chlorite and one phase of kaolinite in the study area, which respectively represent two phases of alkaline fluid and one phase of acid fluid activities, revealing a fluid phase transition of alkaline-acidic-alkaline. Therefore, the clay minerals can be used as an important indicator for uranium mineralization. © 2020, Science Press. All right reserved. 相似文献
16.
粘土沉积物XRD定量分析方法 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
从理论上推导了无序混合层粘土矿物混层比f与XRD视面网间距d之间的近似函数关系,制定出I/S混层矿物的d-f换算表;通过对济阳拗陷泥质岩石的研究,从一种新的途径求出了粘土矿物的强度因子,提出混层矿物XRD强度因子与混层比的线性关系式。根据不同的制样方法,利用微机运算,可以对粘土沉积物中的6种或10种矿物进行大量快速的定量分析。 相似文献
17.
We analyzed the clay mineral assemblages, content and mineralogical characteristics of Hole U1438A sediment recovered from Amami Sankaku Basin during International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP) expedition 351. The results show that the clay minerals are mainly composed of illite (average 57%), smectite (average 26%), chlorite (average 14%) and minor kaolinite(average 3%). The crystallinity of illite in all samples are good (<0.4 Δ° 2θ), and the chemical indexes of illite in all samples are low (<0.4). Both indicate that illite in Hole U1438A formed in cold and dry climate. By comparing clay mineral assemblages of hole U1438A and the potential sediment sources, we suggest that smectite be mainly derived from the volcanic materials around Amami Sankaku Basin. Illite, chlorite and kaolinite are mainly derived from the Asian dust. The ratios of (illite+chlorite)/smectite show a phased increase over the last 350 ka, which is consistent with the cold and drying trend of the Asian continent since late Pleistocene. The high ratios of (illite+chlorite)/smectite and (illite+chlorite)/kaolinite during glacial period indicate that much more Asian dust was input into the Amami Sankaku Basin, which are responded to the aridity of Asian continent and strengthened east Asian Monsoon during glacial period. 相似文献
18.
X. L. Sun X. G. Zhang J. L. Lin Z. X. Zhao D. W. Huang 《Australian Journal of Earth Sciences》2013,60(8):1163-1174
AbstractThe characteristics and distribution of clay minerals and their effects on reservoir quality in the Huagang sandstones in the Xihu Sag, East China Sea Basin were studied by using X-ray diffraction, casting thin-sections, scanning electron microscopy, electron microprobe analysis, fluid inclusion analysis, constant-rate mercury injection and nuclear magnetic resonance. Clay minerals consist of kaolinite, chlorite, illite and illite–smectite mixed layer (I/S); kaolinite forms from dissolved feldspars, chlorite occurs as clay coatings that are transformed from clay precursors owing to the flocculation of suspended detrital clays or the crystallisation of pore fluids, and illite forms from the illitisation of detrital smectite, authigenic kaolinite and K-feldspars. Clay distribution is controlled by sedimentary environments, burial history and lithologies. Typical reservoirs in the western sub-sag are thin and developed in braided river facies at relatively shallow burial depths with clays dominated by kaolinite. However, typical reservoirs in the central inversion tectonic zone are thicker and developed in a braided delta front facies at deeper burial depths with clays mainly consisting of chlorite, illite and I/S. High-quality reservoirs are characterised by coarse granularity, high quartz content and low clay content with widespread development of chlorite coatings that inhibit quartz cements at low temperatures. At higher temperatures, the high-quality reservoirs develop more pores providing growth space for quartz cements and result in the coexistence of chlorite coatings and quartz cements. The high-quality reservoirs are controlled by their lithological characteristics rather than chlorite coatings. Illite and I/S clays create severe damage to reservoirs by reducing the size and connectivity of pore-throats. 相似文献
19.
蒙脱石+伊/蒙混层+伊利石等粘土矿物混合物相X射线定量分析方法—模拟定量法 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
本文提出粘土矿物(特别是含伊/蒙不规则混层粘土矿物)混合物相的X射线定量分析方法——模拟定量法。着重解决在蒙脱石-不规则伊/蒙混层粘土矿物-伊利石组合中,伊/蒙混层粘土矿物的定量分析计算。模拟定量法是对以前的各种粘土矿物X射线定量分析方法的补充。用纯净的蒙脱石、伊利石、高岭石、绿泥石及各种伊/蒙混层比的伊/蒙混层粘土矿物,配制了各种不同组合的粘土矿物混合样品,制成定向薄膜片,进行了X射线分析,讨论了各种组合的粘土矿物混合物相X射线衍射图谱的特征,并在此基础上提出了粘土混合物相定量分析的方法。 相似文献