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1.
New isotopic analyses are presented for 3 plagioclase-rich fractions and one mafic fraction from ferroan anorthosite 60025. The observed206Pb/204Pb ratios vary between 52.5 and 60.5, all much higher than the ratio for terrestrial contamination. In a207Pb/206Pb204Pb/206Pb correlation diagram, the plagioclase data define a model PbPb age of 4.520 ± 0.007 AE using meteoritic primordial lead for the non-radiogenic component. In the concordia diagram the plagioclase data yield intersections at 4.503 ± 0.007 and 0.28 AE. The meaning of the lower intercept is obscure. The earlier 60025 analysis of Tera and Wasserburg [1], with an observed206Pb/204Pb of 23.0, agrees closely with the new plagioclase data in the isotope correlation and concordia diagrams. Since the apparent age does not correlate with the206Pb/204Pb ratios and U contents of the samples, it does not appear to be controlled by terrestrial lead contamination. The time-averaged μ values for the plagioclase leads are exceptionally low, 16–55, and agree within factors of 2 with the observed μ values in the samples. These are much lower than the values observed for mafic rocks or their sources, showing that the anorthosite lead has never been associated for a substantial length of time with any high μ source. In this way the 60025 data differ substantially from UPb data for two other lunar anorthosites, 15415 and 60015. The results suggest that the averaged model Pb ages of 4.51 ± 0.01 AE closely approximate the crystallization age for the plagioclase fraction of the anorthosite, and that it dates back to an early phase in lunar history. One sample from the mafic fraction of 60025 yields a younger model Pb age of 4.42 AE. The age may have been lowered by post-crystallization disturbances or perhaps this fraction is not coeval with the plagioclase fraction.  相似文献   

2.
Measurements of Pb isotopes in aerosols, precipitation, and size-fractionated particulate matter from the Gulf of Maine, Scotian Shelf and Labrador Sea are used to investigate the source of Pb. The 206Pb/207Pb ratio in aerosols and precipitation collected at New Castle, NH suggests that anthropogenic Pb is a mixture of US and Canadian sources. 206Pb/207Pb ratios in >53 μm particulate matter from the Gulf of Maine and Scotian Shelf slope waters are consistent with contaminant Pb inputs predominantly from US and Canadian sources, while in shelf waters 206Pb/207Pb ratios in >0.4 μm and >53 μm particles are consistent with a mixture of US and Canadian sources, as well as Pb associated with resuspended surface sediment. 206Pb/207Pb ratios in particulate matter (>0.4 μm, 10-53 μm, and >53 μm) from Labrador Sea surface waters range from 1.165 to 1.211 and are a mixture of Pb derived from ore compositions consistent with Broken Hill, Australia and southeast Missouri, US sources.  相似文献   

3.
Stable Pb isotope ratios (206Pb/207Pb, 208Pb/206Pb), 210Pb, Pb, Al, Ca, Fe, Mn and Si concentrations were measured in 7 sediment cores from the west coast of the Iberian Peninsula to assess the Pb contamination throughout the last 200 years. Independently of their locations, all cores are characterized by increasing Pb/Al rends not related to grain-size changes. Conversely, decreasing trends of 206Pb/207Pb were found towards the present. This tendency suggest a change in Pb sources reflecting an increased proportion derived from anthropogenic activities. The highest anthropogenic Pb inventories for sediments younger than 1950s were found in the two shallowest cores of Cascais and Lisboa submarine canyons, reflecting the proximity of the Tagus estuary. Lead isotope signatures also help demonstrate that sediments contaminated with Pb are not constrained to estuarine–coastal areas and upper parts of submarine canyons, but are also to transferred to a lesser extent to deeper parts of the Portuguese Margin.  相似文献   

4.
Concentrations of heavy metals and Pb isotopes were measured in the 1-M HCl leaching fraction of core sediments spanning the last 400 years. This sedimentary record of pollution history in metal concentrations shows a good correlation with the increases in industrialization, urbanization, and energy consumption since 1901s. Notably, the Pb concentration and the 207Pb/206Pb and 208Pb/206Pb ratios were constant before the 1910s (16.7 μg/g, 0.844, and 2.098, respectively), whereas they increased steadily up to 21.9 μg/g, 0.848, and 2.101 after the 1910s. The correlations between Pb isotope ratios (206Pb, 207Pb, and 208Pb) showed different linear regression trends for core sediments before and after the 1910s, indicating differences in Pb sources. Our interpretation suggests that the source of anthropogenic Pb in Korean coastal region and the Yellow Sea shelf was presumed to be Chinese coals or ores, which have also played a major role as sources of atmospheric particulate Pb.  相似文献   

5.
The isotopic composition of lead was determined for two carbonaceous, two H, and two L chondrites. All are falls. The206Pb/204Pb ratios cover a range from 9.45 to 37.33; the207Pb/204Pb ratios range from 10.39 to 26.10. The isotopic data define a207Pb/206Pb age of 4.635 AE. Uranium and lead concentration data indicate that the isotopic lead ages for the Bruderheim chondrite are concordant within approximately 20%. This contrasts with lead data in the literature for chondrites, which consistently indicate discordant isotopic lead ages due to large excesses of radiogenic lead by factors of two or more. The isotopic lead ages for Pultusk may be concordant; those for a sample of Richardton are not. The lack of concordance for Richardton is not due to the analytical procedures, rather it is likely a result of the handling history of the chondrite prior to analysis.The L-3 chondrite, Mezo-Madaras contains such a high concentration of lead - 5.27 PPM - that accurate ratios for primordial lead can be obtained. These are 206Pb/204Pb= 9.310;207Pb/204Pb= 10.296, values which are in close agreement with a recently reported measurement on lead in troilite from the Canyon Diablo iron meteorite.  相似文献   

6.
Lead (Pb) isotope ratios were measured in the marine macroalga Iridaea cordata collected from four locations in the Windmill Islands, East Antarctica. Based on the masses of thalli collected, samples analysed in this study were likely to be a mixture of one and two year old thalli. For a sample of thalli of various ages (<12 months to 2 years old) from the same site there was no apparent variation in Pb concentration or Pb isotope ratio with thallus mass/age, indicating that contaminant sources had been constant over the lifetime of the thalli sampled. I.cordata samples close to the Thala Valley waste disposal site (Brown Bay Inner) near the Australian Station, Casey, displayed isotopic signatures (208Pb/204Pb 35.99; 206Pb/207Pb 1.066; n = 3; average values shown) trending towards that possessed by major Australian Pb sources (Broken Hill and Mt Isa, 208Pb/204Pb 35.60; 206Pb/207Pb 1.041) suggesting that these samples had been exposed to anthropogenic Pb originating from the Thala Valley waste disposal site. Material collected hundreds of metres from the tip location at Brown Bay Outer had isotopic values (208Pb/204Pb 36.32; 206Pb/207Pb 1.088; n = 10) intermediate between Brown Bay Inner and sites further from the contaminant source at Sparkes Bay and Wilkes (208Pb/204Pb 36.46; 206Pb/207Pb 1.094; n = 4) showing that contaminant transport was predominantly restricted to Brown Bay Inner. This study demonstrates that the isotope ratios of Pb in marine macroalgae can provide valuable information as to the origin and extent of heavy metal flux in a marine environment.  相似文献   

7.
The Gulf of Gdańsk is influenced by heavy metals of anthropogenic origin. In this study, temporal concentration changes of Pb, Zn, Cd, and Cu were studied in six, 50 cm long sediment cores. The main aim of the study was to concentrate on the history of Pb fluxes and Pb isotopic composition (206Pb/207Pb and 208Pb/206Pb) to trace Pb sources. The lowest Pb concentrations (19 μg g−1) were measured in sediments deposited circa 1860, while the highest Pb concentrations (63–147 μg g−1) were measured in sediments deposited between 1960s and 70s. Pre-industrial Pb fluxes were 7 Pb m2 year−1, while after WWII they reached 199 Pb m2 year−1. Highest 206Pb/207Pb ratios (∼1.22) were measured in the oldest sediment layers, and the lowest 206Pb/207Pb ratios (∼1.165) were measured in the sediments deposited in 1970s–90s. During the period of highest Pb contamination, the anthropogenic Pb fraction reached up to 93%. A general discussion of the Pb sources, emissions, and loads for Poland is included.  相似文献   

8.
As one of the important deposit-clustered regionsof China, the Liaodong (eastern Liaoning Province)rift zone contains many large lead, zinc, gold, boron,magnesite and talc ore deposits with a long mininghistory. Recently, large-scale Xiaotongjiapuzi gold andGaojiapuzi silver deposits were discovered in the re-gion. Much work on the origin of these deposits hasbeen carried out, however, the discrepancy on the ageand the metal source of the deposits still rem- discu…  相似文献   

9.
Late Cretaceous (66.2 ± 0.5 Ma amphibole and 66.7 ± 0.2 Ma phlogopite 40Ar/39Ar ages) nephelinitic volcanic rocks from Godzilla Seamount in the eastern North Atlantic (34°N latitude) have trace element and Sr–Nd–Pb–Hf-isotope compositions similar to the Enriched Mantle I (EM-I) endmember, except for their low 207Pb/204Pb relative to 206Pb/204Pb ratios (206Pb/204Pbin = 17.7, 207Pb/204Pbin = 15.34) plotting below the Northern Hemisphere Reference Line on the uranogenic Pb isotope diagram. O isotope data on amphibole separates are mantle-like (δ18O = 5.6–5.8‰). Age and location of the isolated Godzilla Seamount, however, preclude it from being derived from the Madeira or Canary hotspots, making a lower-mantle origin unlikely. Therefore we propose derivation from a shallow (lithospheric/asthenospheric) melting anomaly. As observed in mid-ocean-ridge and ocean-island basalts, there is a systematic decrease of 207Pb/204Pb ratios (and Δ7/4) in the individual EM-I endmember type localities towards northern latitudes with Godzilla lying on the extension of this trend. This trend is mirrored in ultra-potassic volcanic rocks such as lamproites and kimberlites, which reflect the composition of enriched subcontinental lithospheric mantle. Therefore, a global pattern in 207Pb/204Pb ratios and Δ7/4 is suggested. The geochemical composition of EM-I endmember type localities, including Godzilla lavas, and the enriched (DUPAL) anomaly in the southern hemisphere could reflect derivation from ancient, metasomatized subcontinental lithospheric mantle. We propose a two-stage model to explain the trace element and isotopic composition of the EM-I mantle endmember localities worldwide: 1) during the early history of the Earth, subcontinental lithosphere was metasomatized by melts from subducted slabs along convergent margins generating high μ (238U/204Pb) sources, and 2) as the Earth cooled, hydrous fluids replaced hydrous melts as the main slab component metasomatizing the subcontinental lithospheric mantle (generating EM-I sources with lower μ). In accordance with this model, the global variations in 207Pb/204Pb ratios and Δ7/4 could reflect geographic differences in μ and/or the age at which the transition from stages 1 to 2 took place in the Archaean lithosphere. The model would require a re-definition of the EM-I endmember to low 206Pb/204Pb, high 208Pb/204Pb (positive Δ8/4) but variable 207Pb/204Pb (positive and negative Δ7/4).  相似文献   

10.
We report Sr, Nd and Pb isotope ratios and parent and daughter element concentrations in 34 volcanic rocks from Samoa. The highly undersaturated post-erosional volcanics, which have erupted in Recent to Historic time along a 250-km-long fissure, have isotopic compositions that define fields distinct from those of the tholeiitic to alkalic lavas of the older Samoan shield volcanoes. Most shield lavas have206Pb/204Pb of 18.9–19.4,87Sr/86Sr of 0.7045–0.7055 and87Sr/86Sr (to 0.7075). In general, isotopic compositions of the shield lavas are similar to those of the Marquesas and Society Islands. Post-erosional samples have lower206Pb/204Pb and143Nd/144Nd and higher87Sr/86Sr than most shield lavas. The most striking feature of the post-erosional data is a negative correlation between207Pb/204Pb and206Pb/204Pb. This suggests that post-erosional lavas are derived from mixtures of the shield source and a high-207Pb/204Pb,87Sr/86Sr, low-206Pb/204Pb and143Nd/144Nd post-erosional source which may contain recycled ancient sediment. This enriched mantle domain may also underlie the Ontong-Java and Manihiki Plateaus to the north and west. Although both the Samoan shield and post-erosional lavas show chemical characteristics often associated with mantle plumes, only the shield volcanism can plausibly be related to a plume. The post-erosional eruptions appear to be the result of flexure and rifting due to plate bending at the northern termination of the Tonga Trench.  相似文献   

11.
Selected-area measurements of lead-isotope ratios in zircons have been made at high mass resolution using a modified A.E.I. IM20 ion-microprobe. At a working resolution of 3200 it is shown that the important interfering molecular peaks generated from the zircon matrix may be separated from atomic lead peaks. Corrections for overlapping peaks, which are necessary in measurements of lead isotopes at low mass resolution, are then only required for 208Pb.Measurements on N.B.S. standards show no isotope discrimination within counting statistics. Determination of 207Pb/206Pb on 29 single zircon grains from a tonalite gneiss and a granite from Lac Seul, northwestern Ontario, give very variable ratios with mean values close to those of bulk separates. Peaks in the distribution of 207/206 ratios obtained from the tonalite gneiss may be interpreted as evidence for two stages of lead loss. High 207/206 ratios are shown to be significant for at least two zircons and probably record a minimum age of formation of 3.3 ± 0.1 b.y. for the gneiss.  相似文献   

12.
Determinations of40Ar/39Ar and U-Th-Pb are reported for three clasts from the Abee (E4) enstatite chondrite, which has been the object of extensive consortium investigations. The clasts give40Ar/39Ar plateau ages and/or maximum ages of 4.5 Gy, whereas two of the clasts give average ages of 4.4 Gy. Within the range of 4.4–4.5 Gy these data do not resolve any possible age differences among the three clasts.206Pb measured in these clasts is only ～1.5–2.5% radiogenic, which leads to relatively large uncertainties in the Pb isochron age and in the207Pb/206Pb model ages. The Pb data indicate that the initial207Pb/206Pb was no more than 0.08±0.07% higher than this ratio in Can?on Diablo troilite. The U-Th-Pb data are consistent with the interpretation that initial formation of these clasts occurred 4.58 Gy ago and that the clasts have since remained closed systems, but are contaminated with terrestrial Pb. The40Ar/39Ar ages could be gas retention ages after clast formation or impact degassing ages. The thermal history of Abee deduced from Ar data appears consistent with that deduced from magnetic data, and suggests that various Abee components experienced separate histories until brecciation no later than 4.4 Gy ago, and experienced no appreciable subsequent heating.  相似文献   

13.
Lead isotopic measurements were made on Andean igneous rocks of Jurassic to Recent age in Moquegua and Tacna Departments, southernmost Peru, to clarify the petrogenesis of the rocks and, in particular, to investigate the effect of crustal thickness on rock composition. This location in the Cordillera Occidental is ideal for such a study because the ca. 2 Ga Precambrian basement rocks (Arequipa massif) have a distinct Pb isotopic signature which is an excellent tracer of crustal interaction, and because geomorphological research has shown that the continental crust was here thickened drastically in the later Tertiary.Seven samples of quartz diorites and granodiorites from the Ilo and Toquepala intrusive complexes, and seven samples of Toquepala Group subaerial volcanics were analyzed for Pb isotopic compositions. The plutonic rocks range in age from Jurassic to Eocene; the volcanic rocks are all Late Cretaceous to Eocene. With one exception, the Pb isotopic ratios are in the ranges 206Pb/204Pb= 18.52–18.75, 207Pb/204Pb= 15.58–15.65, and 208Pb/204Pb= 38.53–38.74. The data reflect very little or no interaction with old continental material of the Arequipa massif type.Lead from four Miocene Huaylillas Formation ash-flow tuffs, two Pliocene Capillune Formation andesites and five Quaternary Barroso Group andesites has lower 206Pb/204Pb than that in the pre-Miocene rocks, but relatively high 207Pb/204Pb and 208Pb/204Pb (206Pb/204Pb= 18.16–18.30, 207Pb/204Pb= 15.55–15.63, 208Pb/204Pb= 38.45–38.90). Tilton and Barreiro [9] have shown that contamination by Arequipa massif granulites can explain the isotopic composition of the Barosso Group lavas, and the new data demonstrate that this effect is evident, to varying degrees, in all the analysed Neogene volcanic rocks. The initial incorporation of such basement material into the magma coincided with the Early Miocene uplift of this segment of the Cordillera Occidental [32], and thus with the creation of a thick crustal root. The data strongly imply a relationship between crustal thickness and degree of crustal contamination of magmas in this area, but a rigorous relationship is not yet established.  相似文献   

14.
Comprehensive studies on lithologic association, provenance of metacongelometre, characteristics of metamorphism and deformation, and207Pb/206Pb-dating of single-zircon for metamorphic rocks distributed in Chabu-Chasang areas in Qiangtang block indicate that most of them belong to Middle Proterozoic metamorphic basement except silicilith member ascribed to Triassic. Disintegrated basement strata are called Gemuri group and Guoganjianianri group; they are different in histories of metamorphism and deformation. The single-zircon207Pb/206Pb-ages provide excellent evidence for the existence of an Archean continent nucleus around study areas. Some thermal event ages such as 929–1016 and 509–548 Ma are recorded in Gemuri group.  相似文献   

15.

Comprehensive studies on lithologic association, provenance of metacongelometre, characteristics of metamorphism and deformation, and207Pb/206Pb-dating of single-zircon for metamorphic rocks distributed in Chabu-Chasang areas in Qiangtang block indicate that most of them belong to Middle Proterozoic metamorphic basement except silicilith member ascribed to Triassic. Disintegrated basement strata are called Gemuri group and Guoganjianianri group; they are different in histories of metamorphism and deformation. The single-zircon207Pb/206Pb-ages provide excellent evidence for the existence of an Archean continent nucleus around study areas. Some thermal event ages such as 929–1016 and 509–548 Ma are recorded in Gemuri group.

  相似文献   

16.
Rapid economic development in East Asian countries has inevitably resulted in environmental degradation in the surrounding seas, and concern for the environment and its protection against pollutants is increasing. Identification of sources of contaminants and evaluation of current environmental status are essential to environmental pollution management, but relatively little has been done in the South China Sea (SCS). In order to investigate the abundance, distribution, and sources of Pb within the SCS, stable Pb isotopes and their ratios were employed to assess the contamination status and to differentiate between natural and anthropogenic origins of Pb in the surface sediments. The total Pb concentrations in sediments varied from 4.18 to 58.7 mg kg−1, with an average concentration of 23.6 ± 8.9 mg kg−1. The observed Pb isotope ratios varied from 18.039 to 19.211 for 206Pb/204Pb, 15.228 to 16.080 for 207Pb/204Pb, 37.786 to 39.951 for 208Pb/204Pb, 1.176 to 1.235 for 206Pb/207Pb, and 2.468 to 2.521 for 208Pb/207Pb. The majority of these ratios are similar to those reported for natural detrital materials. Combined with Pb enrichment factor values, our results show that Pb found within most of the SCS sediments was mainly derived from natural sources, and that there was not significant Pb pollution from anthropogenic sources before 1998. Further studies are needed to reconstruct deposition history and for trend analysis.  相似文献   

17.
Tholeiitic basalts and sulfide deposits from the “Cyana” and “Alvin” diving programs (RITA project) on the East Pacific Rise were analyzed for Pb and Sr isotopes. The basalt data plot within the field defined previously by other East Pacific Rise basalts (206Pb/204Pb: 18.35–18.58;207Pb/204Pb: 15.48–15.53;208Pb/204Pb: 37.8–38.1;87Sr/86Sr: 0.7022–0.7025). Pb, U and Sr contents (～0.5, ～0.05 and ～110 ppm, respectively) and μ values (～6) are typical of MORB, whereas Th/U ratios (～3.5) are significantly higher.The Pb isotopic ratios of the sulfide samples are very homogeneous (206Pb/204Pb～18.47207Pb/204Pb～15.49208Pb/204Pb～37.90), and plot in the middle of the basalt field. This indicates that (1) the sulfide Pb was derived from the basaltic crust without any significant contribution from either seawater or hemipelagic sediments, and (2) the solutions from which the sulfides were deposited had uniform Pb isotopic composition. The Pb contents of three sulfide samples is relatively high (170–1310 ppm).The Sr contents of five sulfide samples are widely scattered from 12 to 210 ppm, with87Sr/86Sr ratios intermediate between basaltic and seawater values (0.70554±0.00005 to0.70795±0.00011). Leaching experiments show that both basalt-derived Sr and seawater Sr were present in the solutions which deposited the sulfides. In some cases, Sr was also adsorbed from seawater onto the sulfides following their deposition. Basalt-derived Sr and seawater Sr are also present in associated non-sulfide phases.  相似文献   

18.
The Tadhak alkaline ring-complex of Permian age provides two whole rock UPb isochrons giving concordant ages in agreement within relative errors with the RbSr isochron age:235U207Pb isochron: 271 ± 32Ma(MSWD= 0.3);238U206Pb isochron: 254 ± 18Ma(MSWD= 7.8), both on 8 whole-rock samples. The existence of these isochrons indicates that in favorable conditions U (and Pb) can be immobile. This can be due either to the lack of hard oxidizing conditions and/or to the location of U, in very low concentrations, in weathering-resistant minerals. The initial ratios (206Pb/204Pb = 18.714 ± 70and207Pb/204Pb = 15.589 ± 16), corrected for their Permian age, lie in the range observed for oceanic island basalts or continental alkali basalts and indicate an origin in a similar mantle, without any significant crustal contamination. This was also suggested by the initial87Sr/86Sr ratio of 0.70457 ± 4. Moreover, these Sr and Pb isotopic characteristics belong to the field of the so-called “Dupal” anomaly and indicate that it existed already 270 Ma ago. This study shows the potential interest of isotopic investigations of within-plate alkaline ring-complexes to characterize subcontinental mantle compositions, particularly in the past.  相似文献   

19.
It is revealed by CL images that there are multi-stage growth internal structures of zircons in the Huangtuling granulite, including the inherited zircons, protolith zircons, sector and planar zone zircons and retrograde zircons. In-situ trace element compositions and Pb-Pb ages have been analyzed by LAM-ICP-MS. The sector and the planar zone domains show typical trace element characteristics of granulite zircon (low Th, U, Th/U, total REEs, clear negative Eu anomalies, relatively depleted HREE and small differential degree between MREE and HREE, etc.), indicating that they formed during granulite-facies metamorphism. The protolith zircons have trace element characteristics of crustal zircon (high Th, U, Th/U, total REEs and enriched HREEs, etc.). 12 analyzed spots on granulite-facies domains give a weighted mean 207Pb/206Pb age of (2154±26) Ma (MSWD = 3.8), which is the best estimated age of granulite-facies metamorphism of this sample. The weighted mean 207Pb/206Pb age of 5 analyzed spots on protolith zircon domains is (2714 ± 22) Ma (MSWD = 1.4), which represents the protolith forming time. The discovery of ca. 3.4 Ga inherited zircon indicates that there are Palaeoarchean continental materials in this area. The interpretation of formation conditions and the ages of zircons can be constrained by simultaneous in-situ analysis of trace elements and ages.  相似文献   

20.
Leads in basaltic suites from seven oceanic islands form linear arrays on206Pb/204Pb versus207Pb/204Pb diagrams. These arrays are more reasonably interpreted as secondary isochrons than as mixing lines, because of their systematic relationship. Separate two-stage histories calculated for the leads from each island indicate that the source materials for the magmas were derived from a single primary reservoir with present238U/204Pb of 7.91 ± 0.04 by secondary enrichment in U/Pb at different times from 2.5 to 1 Ga ago. This is confirmed by a plot of isochron slope versus intercept, on which the points describing each island's Pb-Pb array all lie very near a single straight line. The isochrons for the Canary Islands and Hawaii, at least, are significantly different. The208Pb/204Pb versus206Pb/204Pb relationships are less coherent. The lead isotopic characteristics are consistent with a model in which lead in the oceanic island magmas is derived from ancient subducted oceanic crust. In particular, this explains the close relationship between lead in mid-ocean ridge and oceanic island basalts without invoking mixing.  相似文献   

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