共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 125 毫秒
1.
秘鲁Don Javier斑岩铜钼矿床流体包裹体特征 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Don Javier斑岩铜钼矿床位于南美安第斯成矿带中段,秘鲁中南部-智利北部巨型斑岩铜钼金多金属成矿带上,矿区主要出露Yarabamba超群花岗闪长岩岩基和英安斑岩岩体,矿体呈筒状,主要赋存在英安斑岩体及其围岩中,受NW向断裂构造控制。在野外地质调查的基础上,文章对矿床流体包裹体特征进行研究,并结合矿体产出形态特征,对成矿流体来源及演化进行探讨。对黄铁矿-石英和黄铜矿(辉钼矿)-石英2个成矿阶段的石英流体包裹体研究结果表明,成矿阶段矿石中发育富气相-液相、气液两相及含NaCl子矿物三相3种类型的原生流体包裹体,流体包裹体均一温度为287～499℃,含NaCl子矿物包裹体的盐度w(NaCleq)为30%～42%,密度为1.08～1.21 g/cm3,成矿流体属于中高温、高盐度的NaCl-H_2O体系,为岩浆热液来源的成矿流体。流体包裹体特征还表明,流体的沸腾作用是引起成矿流体中矿质发生沉淀富集的重要成矿机制。 相似文献
2.
东安金矿床是浅成低温热液型金矿床,赋存于中酸性火山-侵入岩、印支晚期碱长花岗岩和燕山晚期细粒碱长花岗岩脉强硅化蚀变带中,受库尔滨断裂的次级断裂控制.岩石地球化学显示,金来源于深部岩浆.氢氧同位素结果表明,流体中的水主要来自岩浆水和大气水.流体包裹体研究结果显示,该矿床成矿温度为144～348℃,成矿深度为0.2～1.0 km.同位素地质年代测试结果证实,矿床形成于燕山晚期. 相似文献
3.
黑龙江磨石山铜多金属矿床流体包裹体研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
磨石山铜多金属矿床位于小兴安岭—张广才岭成矿带、磨石山—红星铜多金属矿集中区内。对该矿床主矿体含矿石英脉石英矿物的流体包裹体进行了岩相学、显微测温和单个包裹体气液相成分激光拉曼探针分析研究表明,流体包裹体类型分为Ⅰ型含CO2包裹体、Ⅱ型CO2包体及Ⅲ型气液两相包裹体,均一温度变化为205.9℃～297.6℃,流体盐度变化为2.2～9.2wt%(NaCl);该矿床成矿流体为一含CO2、中等盐度的NaCl--H2O--CO2体系流体。成矿流体的不混溶(沸腾)作用是铜、钼多金属矿化富集的重要因素。该矿床成矿压力为75～110MPa,成矿深度为2.5～3.7km,反映矿化形成于中等深度,矿床属中温岩浆热液矿床,成矿作用与晚侏罗世古太平洋板块的俯冲作用有关。 相似文献
4.
西天山达巴特斑岩型铜矿床流体地球化学特征和成矿作用 总被引：5，自引：3，他引：2
本文对西天山地区达巴特斑岩铜钼矿床矿石中石英的流体包裹体进行了均一法和冷冻法测温,对相应的石英单矿物进行了氢氧同位素测定,据此判断了成矿流体的来源和成矿物理化学条件。结果表明含铜钼矿石中的流体包裹体主要为气液两相包裹体和含子矿物三相包裹体,不同样品中同类包裹体具有基本一致的均一温度、子矿物溶化温度、冰点、盐度和密度值, 数据显示成矿流体均呈中温低盐度的特点。矿石氢氧同位素组成表明矿床的成矿流体属于岩浆水范畴,而且具有深部来源甚至幔源的可能性。根据矿体主要分布在火山机构南北两侧与地层的接触带及其内发育的断裂构造中这一空间关系,结合流体包裹体测温结果,推测尽管该矿床成矿流体具有深源特征,但成矿作用发生在中浅部环境,成矿与火山机构最晚期的花岗斑岩具有密切的成因关系。 相似文献
5.
松贡铜钼矿床位于伊朗西北部,是特提斯成矿域中的超大型斑岩型铜矿床之一。资料表明,松贡矿床矿石储量为6.50亿t,其中含铜0.76%,钼0.01%。斑岩体呈岩株及岩墙状产出,铜钼矿化主要与花岗闪长斑岩有关,石英二长斑岩内也有少部分矿化,在侵入体外围的碳酸盐岩中还有矽卡岩型矿化,松贡斑岩型铜钼矿床的成矿年龄约为20Ma。Cu矿化主要分布在钾化带及部分绢英岩化带,以浸染状的形式出现在脉体及脉体晕中;在浅部,多数硫化物都被淋滤掉,铜蓝、辉铜矿及方辉铜矿等出现在氧化带盖层下面。流体包裹体和稳定同位素(C、H、O、S)研究表明,与矿化有关的流体主要为岩浆水,后期有大气水加入(最多占混合流体的20%)。 相似文献
6.
邹平地区与火山岩浆热液作用有关的铜矿床主要可划分为2种类型：一类为斑岩-火山角砾岩型,另一类为浅成低温热液型;代表性矿床分别为王家庄斑岩一火山角砾岩型铜（钼）矿床和南洞子浅成低温热液型铜（金）矿床。流体包裹体研究表明：王家庄铜（钼）矿床成矿流体的均一化温度和盐度偏高,出现了富气相的两相水溶液包裹体、富液相的两相水溶液包裹体和含子晶的三相水溶液包裹体共存现象,加温后,富气相包裹体均一到气相,同期富液相包裹体均一到液相的特征,这表明成矿流体在形成和演化过程中曾发生过沸腾作用。南洞子铜（金）矿床成矿流体均一温度和盐度偏低,以上3种包裹体共存的现象不明显,说明成矿流体在形成和演化过程中沸腾作用不强。上述2类矿床矿化脉石英中的δ^18OH2O-δD投影点飘离岩浆水范围,参照流体包裹体研究结果,证明邹平地区与火山岩浆热8液作用有关的铜矿成矿流体主要来源于岩浆水,后期混人大气降水。相比之下,浅成低温热液铜矿成矿流体中的大气降水混入量多。 相似文献
7.
大兴安岭铜钼矿床主要与古生代和中生代浅成侵入岩和火山-次火山岩有关,矿床形成于陆缘岩浆岩带、造山带和深大断裂带中.成矿期主要为加里东期、华力西期和燕山期.矿化围岩为花岗闪长岩、花岗闪长玢岩、二长花岗岩、安山岩、英安岩、流纹岩、安山玢岩、流纹斑岩和火山碎屑岩.围岩蚀变主要有硅化、绢云母化、钾长石化、水白云母化、伊利石化、绿泥石化、碳酸岩化.矿石中主要工业元素为Cu和Mo,伴生有益组分为Ag、Au、Re等.成矿类型有：①斑岩型铜钼矿床;②火山-次火山热液型铜钼矿床.大兴安岭铜钼矿床主要由陆缘岩浆岩带、造山带、深大断裂带的火山-次火山作用及小型侵入作用形成,成矿流体沿着火山机构、岩浆侵入构造、区域构造等运移,热动力、压力、扩散力等使成矿流体产生上升运动和局部循环运动,成矿流体的迁移、萃取、扩散、交代作用等使成矿物质产生富集. 相似文献
8.
滇西北红山铜钼矿床辉钼矿Re-Os同位素测年及其成矿意义 总被引：10，自引：7，他引：3
红山铜钼矿床是义敦岛弧南端格咱火山-岩浆弧中已探明规模最大的夕卡岩型铜矿床,近年来在其深部勘探过程中又发现斑岩型铜钼矿体.利用辉钼矿Re-Os同位素测年技术,分别对红山铜钼矿床中5件夕卡岩型矿石和1件斑岩型矿石中辉钼矿进行定年,首次获得红山铜钼矿床高精度成矿年龄.夕卡岩型矿石中辉钼矿Re-Os模式年龄为77.90 ～ 81.05Ma,加权平均值为79.32±0.87Ma,斑岩型矿石中辉钼矿模式年龄为80.71Ma,两者在误差范围内相一致;6件样品辉钼矿等时线年龄为80.0±1.8Ma,代表了红山铜钼矿床的成矿时代.辉钼矿中Re的含量为(4.074±0.035) ×l0-6～(94.21±0.75)×10-6,指示其物质来源以壳源为主,有少量幔源物质混入.红山铜钼矿床与格咱火山-岩浆弧燕山晚期岩浆侵入作用的高峰期及相关斑岩-夕卡岩型多金属矿床的成矿年龄一致,表明它们是弧陆碰撞的后造山伸展背景下同一区域地质事件的产物,该期夕卡岩-斑岩型铜钼多金属具有较大成矿潜力. 相似文献
9.
艾斯康迪达矿床是位于智利北部安第斯铜矿带的世界第三大斑岩型铜矿床,铜储量3156.7×104t,其形成主要与始新世晚期—渐新世的石英二长岩-花岗闪长斑岩岩株有关,构造上受多梅科断层系统的控制。该矿床拥有典型斑岩型铜钼矿床的热液蚀变类型,包括钾长石化、黑云母化、石英-绿泥石-绢云母化、泥化与青磐岩化。与成矿有关的侵入岩年龄在38Ma左右,辉钼矿Re-Os年龄为36.1~33.7Ma。流体包裹体特征表明,该区域矿床成矿热液分为早期高温的岩浆热液和晚期岩浆热液与地下水混合的低温低盐度热液2期。高场强元素的负异常、稀土元素La/Yb值特征与Sr-Nd同位素比值特征表明,成矿斑岩是混入少量壳源物质的幔源岩浆演化来的。形成于南北向多梅科断层与北西向线性构造交会位置的转换拉伸环境,对艾斯康迪达矿床成矿斑岩的侵位具有关键性作用。 相似文献
10.
青海省雁石坪铜铅锌多金属矿床位于西南三江成矿带北段西延部分,矿(化)体赋存于构造破碎带及两侧岩脉中,矿体形态走向与构造走向基本一致,呈似层状、脉状产出,成矿组合为铅-锌-铜-银,流体包裹体显微测温结果表明多金属矿成矿流体为中低温(以低温为主)、中等盐度、中等密度流体。矿床成因类型为火山喷流沉积-热液改造型;热液主要来源于岩浆热液。 相似文献
11.
Hiroyuki MAEDA 《Resource Geology》1998,48(3):197-208
Abstract: Neogene magmatism in the Muka mine area in the Kitami metallogenic province was characterized on the basis of K-Ar age data by felsic–to–mafic terrestrial extrusive and intrusive volcanism from Late Miocene to Early Pliocene. The geology of the Muka mine area comprises the Upper Cretaceous-Paleocene Yubetsu Group, consisting primarily of sandstone and shale; Upper Miocene Ikutahara Formation, consisting of clastic and felsic volcaniclastic rocks and Kane-hana Lava (rhyolite) of 7. 5 Ma; Upper Miocene Yahagi Formation, consisting of clastics, felsic volcaniclastics and rhyolite lavas; Late Miocene andesite and rhyolite dikes (Chidanosawa Rhyolite of 7. 2 Ma and Hon-Mukagawa Andesite of 6. 6 Ma); Lower Pliocene Hakugindai Lava (basalt: 4. 0 Ma); and Quaternary System. The volcanism consists of earlier Late Miocene felsic extrusive activity during the sedimentation of the Ikutahara Formation, later Late Miocene felsic extrusive and intrusive activities during the sedimentation of the Yahagi Formation and intermediate intrusive activity after the sedimentation of the Yahagi Formation and Early Pliocene mafic extrusive activity. The Muka gold-silver ore deposit occurs primarily in the felsic volcaniclastic rocks and Kanehana Lava of the Ikutahara Formation and in Hon-Mukagawa Andesite. These wall–rocks, the clastic rocks of the Ikutahara Formation and the clastic and felsic volcaniclastic rocks of the Yahagi Formation were affected to various extents by hydrothermal alteration. The hydrother-mal alteration can be divided into two stages (early and late) based on the modes of occurrence and mineral assemblages. Early hydrothermal alteration is characterized by regional and vein-related alterations associated with epithermal gold-silver mineralization in a near-neutral hydrothermal system. Regional alteration can be subdivided into a zeolite zone (mordenite+adularia±heulandite–clinoptilolite series mineral±smectite±quartz°Cristobalite±opal–CT) and a smectite zone (smec–tite±quartz±opal–CT). Vein-related alteration can be subdivided into a K-feldspar zone (quartz+adularia±illite±interstratified illite/smectite±pyrite), an illite zone (quartz+illite°Chlorite±interstratified illite/smectite±smectite±pyrite) and an interstratified illite/smectite zone (quartz+interstratified illite/smectite±smectite±pyrite). The adularization age of 6. 8 Ma in the K-feldspar zone that developed in Kanehana Lava hosting ore veins coincides well with the epithermal gold-silver mineralization age of 6. 6 Ma. Late hydrothermal alteration is characterized by a kaolinite zone (kaolinite±dickite±alunite±quartz°Cristobalite± tridymite±pyrite) in an acid hydrothermal system, and cuts early alteration zones such as the K-feldspar zone. Other modes of occurrence of acid alteration are a 7Å halloysite-kaolinite vein in the hydrothermal explosion breccia dike and smectite–kaoli–nite veins along joint planes of Kanehana Lava. The style of the gold-silver deposit associated with early near-neutral hydrothermal alteration is a low-sulfidation epithermal type. The low-sulfidation epithermal gold-silver mineralization of 6. 6 Ma in the vicinity of the Muka ore deposit was essentially accompanied by felsic volcanic activity during the sedimentation of the Yahagi Formation, and was closely related both temporally and spatially to the felsic intrusive activity of Chidanosawa Rhyolite of 7. 2 Ma. The related hydrother-mal activity of the gold-silver mineralization took place at intervals of approximately 0. 4–0. 6 Ma after the volcanic activity related to the mineralization. 相似文献
12.
Hiroyuki MAEDA 《Resource Geology》1998,48(2):105-116
Abstract: Characterization of Neogene magmatism in the Ryuo mine area in the Kitami metallogenic province was carried out on the basis of K-Ar data for felsic–to–mafic terrestrial extrusive and intrusive volcanism from Late Miocene to Early Pliocene. The Ryuo epithermal gold-silver deposit occurs primarily in the felsic volcaniclastic rocks of the Ikutahara Formation and in Ryuo Rhyolite. The Ryuo mineralization age of 7. 7 – 8. 1 Ma coincides well with the hydrothermal alteration age (7. 7 Ma) of Ryuo Rhyolite hosting ore veins. It is concluded that the Ryuo mineralization was essentially accompanied by felsic volcanic activity during the sedimentation of the Ikutahara Formation, and was closely related both temporally and spatially to the intrusive activity of Ryuo Rhyolite. Hydrothermal alteration related to the epithermal gold-silver mineralization of the Ryuo deposit is primarily characterized by early regional and vein-related alterations, and late steam-heated alteration. Early regional alteration consists of a smectite halo (smectite+pyrite±quartz±opal–CT±mordenite°Clinoptilolite–heulandite series mineral). Early vein-related alteration is primarily marked by potassic alteration. This alteration halo can be subdivided into a K-feldspar halo (quartz+adular–ia+pyrite±illite±interstratified illite/smectite±smectite), an illite halo (quartz+illite + chlorite + pyrite ± interstratified illite/smec–tite±smectite) and an interstratified illite/smectite halo (quartz + interstratified illite/smectite+pyrite±smectite). Late steam-heated alteration characterized by kaolinite or alunite locally overprints the early K-feldspar halo. The style of the Ryuo gold-silver deposit is a low-sulfidation epithermal type. The gold–silver–bearing quartz vein precipitates during boiling of ore fluid. The origin of the ore fluid might be meteoric water. The temperature and sulfur fugacity conditions during precipitation of electrum and acanthite are estimated to be 206°– 238°C and 10-13.5 – 10-11.6 atm, respectively. 相似文献
13.
纳日贡玛铜钼矿床属斑岩型铜矿,处于班公湖-怒江缝合带北侧、金沙江缝合带以南的羌北-昌都地块,与玉龙斑岩铜矿床同属一个成矿带。早中二叠世尕笛考组为主要赋矿地层,铜矿体主要产于靠近斑岩体上部的硅化绢云母化黑云母二长花岗斑岩和接触带部位的蚀变玄武岩中,形态复杂,矿石类型较简单。钼矿主要产于斑岩体内具弱蚀变的黑云母二长花岗斑岩、浅色花岗闪长斑岩和强蚀变的硅化绢云母化黑云母二长花岗岩斑岩中,少量分布于黄铁矿青磐岩化玄武岩中,沿走向及倾斜方向延伸比较稳定。矿石类型以细脉浸染型铜钼矿为主,其来源于陆内碰撞而加厚的下地壳。复合断裂是控制本区斑岩成矿带的主要因素,铜钼矿床即产于大断裂交汇部位。中酸性侵入体是内在控矿因素,裂隙构造系统也具有重要的控矿作用。 相似文献
14.
Elena D. Andreeva Hiroharu Matsueda Victor M. Okrugin Ryohei Takahashi Shuji Ono 《Resource Geology》2013,63(4):337-349
Mineralogic studies of major ore minerals and fluid inclusion analysis in gangue quartz were carried out for the for the two largest veins, the Aginskoe and Surprise, in the Late Miocene Aginskoe Au–Ag–Te deposit in central Kamchatka, Russia. The veins consist of quartz–adularia–calcite gangue, which are hosted by Late Miocene andesitic and basaltic rocks of the Alnei Formation. The major ore minerals in these veins are native gold, altaite, petzite, hessite, calaverite, sphalerite, and chalcopyrite. Minor and trace minerals are pyrite, galena, and acanthine. Primary gold occurs as free grains, inclusions in sulfides, and constituent in tellurides. Secondary gold is present in form of native mustard gold that usually occur in Fe‐hydroxides and accumulates on the decomposed primary Au‐bearing tellurides such as calaverite, krennerite, and sylvanite. K–Ar dating on vein adularia yielded age of mineralization 7.1–6.9 Ma. Mineralization of the deposit is divided into barren massive quartz (stage I), Au–Ag–Te mineralization occurring in quartz‐adularia‐clays banded ore (Stage II), intensive brecciation (Stage III), post‐ore coarse amethyst (Stage IV), carbonate (Stage V), and supergene stages (Stage VI). In the supergene stage various secondary minerals, including rare bilibinskite, bogdanovite, bessmertnovite metallic alloys, secondary gold, and various oxides, formed under intensely oxidized conditions. Despite heavy oxidation of the ores in the deposit, Te and S fugacities are estimated as Stage II tellurides precipitated at the log f Te2 values ?9 and at log fS2 ?13 based on the chemical compositions of hypogene tellurides and sphalerite. Homogenization temperature of fluid inclusions in quartz broadly ranges from 200 to 300°C. Ore texture, fluid inclusions, gangue, and vein mineral assemblages indicate that the Aginskoe deposit is a low‐sulfidation (quartz–adularia–sericite) vein system. 相似文献
15.
新疆准噶尔北缘玉勒肯哈腊苏斑岩铜矿床年代学研究 总被引：7，自引：3，他引：4
玉勒肯哈腊苏铜矿是近几年准噶尔北缘卡拉先格尔斑岩铜矿带发现的又一个中型斑岩铜矿,其成岩成矿年代学的研究可以对矿床模型构建、区域成矿规律的总结提供制约。矿区侵入岩发育,矿化主要受闪长玢岩控制,少部分赋存在似斑状黑云母石英二长岩和北塔山组火山岩、火山碎屑岩中。本文利用锆石LA-ICP-MSU-Pb法和辉钼矿Re-Os法对矿区岩体和矿化进行了成岩成矿年代学研究。结合前人的研究,认为矿区存在5次主要岩浆侵入事件:382Ma石英闪长岩侵入,379Ma形成含矿闪长玢岩,375～374Ma形成似斑状黑云石英二长岩,348Ma形成黑云母石英斑岩脉,266Ma形成二长斑岩,前三次岩浆侵入活动对应构造环境为板块俯冲阶段,后二次岩浆侵入活动为后碰撞阶段。9件辉钼矿样品Re-Os同位素等时线年龄为373.9±2.2Ma,表明铜钼成矿时代为中泥盆世晚期,与闪长玢岩侵入有关。 相似文献
16.
17.
内蒙古陈巴尔虎旗四五牧场金矿与侏罗-白垩纪浅成-超浅成岩体关系密切,构造-岩浆热液在上侵过程中萃取部分基底岩系中的成矿物质,并在粗安质隐爆角砾岩中富集成矿。硫同位素分析表明部分成矿物质来源于围岩,包体测温表明成矿热液为低温热液,同位素测年结果表明成矿期在晚侏罗世-早白垩世。矿床为赋存于粗安质火山岩中、与侏罗-白垩纪火山-次火山活动有关的HS型浅成中低温热液型铜金矿。正磁异常区的低-负磁带状异常是矿化蚀变带的反映。具有一定规模、有明显浓集中心、浓度分带好、具明显分带的As-Sb-Ag-Hg-Au组合异常,伴有Cu,Pb,Zn,Bi异常,是寻找该类型铜金矿床的有利地段。 相似文献
18.
西南三江北段是青海省重要的斑岩型铜钼矿成矿带,纳日贡玛铜钼矿是近年来在三江北段发现的与侵入岩有关的斑岩型铜钼矿。利用锆石U-Pb方法测得纳日贡玛黑云花岗斑岩的形成年龄为41.53Ma±0.24Ma,属于喜马拉雅早期。纳日贡玛斑岩型铜钼矿的成矿时代主要在40.86~40.80Ma之间。在多期热液叠加、多期成矿作用中,纳日贡玛斑岩型铜钼矿的热液应是纳日贡玛黑云花岗斑岩（41.53Ma±0.24Ma）和纳日贡玛斜长花岗斑岩（41.00Ma±0.18Ma）共同提供的。由于该区有较多的中酸性岩体存在,因而确定这些侵入体的形成年龄,对于在该区寻找同时代的斑岩型铜钼矿有重要的理论意义和现实意义。 相似文献
19.
三江北段纳日贡玛黑云母花岗斑岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年及其地质意义 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
西南三江北段是青海省重要的斑岩型铜钼矿成矿带,纳日贡玛铜钼矿是近年来在三江北段发现的与侵入岩有关的斑岩型铜钼矿。利用锆石U-Pb方法测得纳日贡玛黑云花岗斑岩的形成年龄为41.53Ma ±0.24Ma,属于喜马拉雅早期。纳日贡玛斑岩型铜钼矿的成矿时代主要在40.86~40.80Ma之间。在多期热液叠加、多期成矿作用中,纳日贡玛斑岩型铜钼矿的热液应是纳日贡玛黑云花岗斑岩（41.53Ma ±0.24Ma）和纳日贡玛斜长花岗斑岩（41.00Ma ±0.18Ma）共同提供的。由于该区有较多的中酸性岩体存在,因而确定这些侵入体的形成年龄,对于在该区寻找同时代的斑岩型铜钼矿有重要的理论意义和现实意义。 相似文献
20.
《International Geology Review》2012,54(10):893-909
Multiple large mineralized breccia pipes (Cu grades up to >10%; individual pipes with >10 × 106 metric tons of Cu) are prominent, if not dominant, features in the three giant Andean Cu deposits of Los Pelambres, Los Bronces-Rio Blanco, and El Teniente of central Chile. At Los Bronces-Rio Blanco, over 90% of the >50x 106 metric tons of hypogene Cu occurs within the matrix of breccias and/or clasts and wall rock altered in association with the formation of these breccias, while at the other two deposits a lesser but still significant amount of Cu ore also is directly related to breccias. At both Los Pelambres and Los Bronces-Rio Blanco, high-grade (>0.5%) Cu occurs in zones of potassic alteration characterized by stockwork biotite veining and intense biotitization associated spatially, temporally, and genetically with biotite breccias. At Los Bronces-Rio Blanco, high-grade ore also occurs in younger tourmaline breccia pipes, emplaced both within and around the older central biotite breccia complex and potassic alteration zone after a period of uplift and erosion. Potassic alteration, sericitization, silicification, and mineralization of clasts in these tourmaline breccias occurred during their formation. At El Teniente, a significant amount of high-grade Cu ore also occurs in different tourmaline-rich breccias, including the marginal portion of the Braden breccia pipe and a related zone of quartz-sericite alteration that surrounds this pipe. Small, shallow, weakly mineralized or barren silicic porphyry intrusions occur in each of these three deposits, but their main role has been to redistribute rather than emplace mineralization. The mineralized breccia pipes in each deposit were emplaced into early and middle Miocene volcanic and plutonic rocks during the late Miocene and Pliocene by the expansion of boiling aqueous fluids. Fluid-inclusion and stable-isotope data indicate that the high-temperature, saline, metalrich fluids that produced the brecciation, precipitated the Cu ore in the matrix of the breccias, and generated the associated alteration and mineralization in clasts and wall rock were magmatic in origin. These magmatic fluids were not derived from the early and middle Miocene host plutons, which already were solidified at the time of breccia emplacement. Sr- and Nd-isotopic compositions of breccia-matrix minerals indicate that breccia-forming fluids were exsolved from magmas that were isotopically transitional between older volcanic and plutonic host rocks and younger silicic porphyry stocks, dikes, and extrusives. The fact that the roots of the breccias have not yet been encountered implies that these magmas cooled at depths >3 km to form plutons not yet exposed at the surface. The generation of the multiple mineralized breccias at each deposit occurred over a relatively short (but still significant) time period of 1 to 3 million years, during the final stages of existence of the long-lived (7gt;15 m.y.) Miocene magmatic belt in central Chile. The decline of magmatic activity in this belt was tectonically triggered, as subduction angle decreased in association with the subduction of the Juan Fernandez Ridge. This caused a decrease in the sub-arc magma supply and subsequently eastward migration of the magmatic arc, as well as crustal thickening, uplift, and erosion, which led to the superposition of younger and shallower alteration and mineralization events on older and deeper events in each deposit. The giant Cu deposits of central Chile cannot be explained by a static model in which their size is a function of the mass of a single pluton or the longevity of a single hydrothermal convection system. These deposits are giant because they were produced by multistage processes involving the formation, over a period of 1 to 3 million years, of multiple superimposed mineralized breccias and associated alteration zones resulting from the exsolution of metalrich magmatic fluids from independent magma batches cooling at depths >3 km. Neither an unusually large magma supply nor Andean magmas of unusually high Cu content is required to produce the sequence of multiple mineralization 相似文献