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1.
始新世—渐新世是新生代气候从“温室”向“冰室”转变的重要节点，也是青藏高原及邻区气候格局发生重大变革的关键时期。为了重建高原中部腹地始新世—渐新世的古气候演变特征，探讨古气候变化的控制因素，利用X射线衍射分析对高原中部伦坡拉盆地382道班剖面的黏土矿物特征进行了综合研究，结果显示，伦坡拉盆地在始新世—渐新世牛堡组二段沉积的黏土矿物主要以伊利石为主，伊/蒙混层次之，高岭石与绿泥石含量极少，蒙脱石仅出现在极少样品中。黏土矿物类型及组合特征指示伦坡拉盆地在该时期整体处于寒冷干旱的气候条件，但在长周期趋势下伊利石相对含量逐渐减少，伊/蒙混层逐渐增多，显示出青藏高原中部地区的气候系统在晚始新世—早渐新世时期存在向更加湿润的气候条件转变，这种气候系统的改变可能与南亚季风在晚始新世的演化所带来的更多水汽条件和青藏高原中部中央分水岭的形成有关，但在始新世与渐新世之交，伊利石含量陡然增多，而伊/蒙混层含量则减少，且两者频繁波动，这反映了该盆地在EOT时期受到全球降温的影响。 相似文献
2.
循化盆地晚渐新世-早中新世沉积物中黏土矿物特征及其古气候指示意义 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜分析方法,对青海循化盆地晚渐新世-早中新世沉积物中黏土矿物的微观形貌、体积分数、结晶度及其古气候指示作用进行了深入的研究。分析结果表明,晚渐新世盆地沉积物中的黏土矿物主要为蒙脱石、伊利石、坡缕石和绿泥石,以蒙脱石为主,指示循化地区总体为相对温暖潮湿的气候条件,蒙脱石、伊利石和绿泥石相对体积分数及伊利石、蒙脱石结晶度值均出现明显的周期性波动,表明循化地区气候经历了干旱-温暖潮湿交替的变化;早中新世盆地沉积物中的黏土矿物主要为伊利石、蒙脱石和绿泥石,以伊利石为主,各黏土矿物体积分数及伊利石、蒙脱石结晶度值的变化范围不大,表明循化地区气候以相对持续冷干为特征。从晚渐新世到早中新世,气候条件由相对温暖潮湿到相对冷干的转变,揭示其间(约21.3Ma)出现了一次极端的降温事件,可能与青藏高原隆升及亚洲沙漠化密切相关。 相似文献
3.
伦坡拉盆地位于青藏高原腹地,是感应高原隆升过程和环境变化效应的核心地带,不仅能够记录大陆碰撞过程、岩石圈和地壳变形历史,也是获取高原腹地地形地貌演化环境和气候变迁信息最理想的场所。为揭示伦坡拉盆地晚始新世-早渐新世古气候信息,选取盆地西南缘382道班剖面牛堡组二段细粒沉积物样品,通过主、微量元素分析,采用元素组合(C值)、Rb/Sr、Sr/Cu和Sr/Ba等比值以及化学蚀变指数(CIA)、元素风化指数(α)、Ln(Al2O3/Na2O)等多种化学风化指数研究了源区风化作用强度,讨论了古气候演化特征。结果表明：伦坡拉盆地牛堡组二段沉积期古气候整体较为干旱,但在始新世-渐新世之交存在一个明显的降温事件,该降温事件并不局限于伦坡拉盆地,在青藏高原及周缘其它地区也被广泛记录,是新生代始新世-渐新世全球降温事件的陆内响应。 相似文献
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5.
《大地构造与成矿学》2020,(4)
近年经过深入的铀矿勘查工作,在鄂尔多斯盆地西南部洛河组发现了具有工业意义的铀矿体,实现了深部铀矿勘查的重要突破。通过薄片鉴定、扫描电镜、X射线衍射、蚀变矿物光谱扫描等分析手段,对镇原地区洛河组黏土矿物的组成、含量及特征进行了系统研究。结果表明,洛河组赋矿砂岩与盆地东北部、西南部最重要的含铀岩系——直罗组具有较明显的差别。洛河组赋矿砂岩中黏土矿物总量较低,不同类型砂体中黏土矿物组合略有差异,其中泥岩、氧化砂岩、钙质砂岩、矿化砂岩中主要黏土矿物为伊蒙混层和伊利石,其次为高岭石和绿泥石。富矿砂岩和灰绿色围岩中的黏土矿物则主要是高岭石和伊蒙混层,其次为伊利石和绿泥石。扫描电镜下可见绿泥石、伊蒙混层、高岭石、少量伊利石与沥青铀矿伴生现象,但黏土矿物与铀矿物相关性不明显,表明在洛河组成矿过程中,黏土矿物可以吸附铀,但不是铀矿富集最主要的影响因素。通过对洛河组砂岩中黏土矿物赋存关系的研究,提出研究区至少存在两期绿泥石和一期高岭石的生成,揭示了由碱性→酸性→碱性流体的作用过程。黏土矿物特征可以作为铀成矿过程中后生流体示踪的重要标志。 相似文献
6.
利用X射线衍射等分析方法,对贵州威宁麻窝山岩溶盆地沉积物中粘土矿物进行研究,获得了粘土矿物的组成、相对含量、结晶度指数、化学指数以及相对含量比值等方面的信息,探讨该盆地的沉积环境演化特征。研究表明,粘土矿物以伊/蒙混层矿物(30%~75%)和绿泥石(10%~45%)为主,高岭石(5%~20%)和伊利石(10%)次之,基本不含蒙脱石。伊/蒙混层矿物和绿泥石含量呈负相关性。高岭石含量在剖面底部较稳定,在484cm上部出现较大的波动。伊利石结晶度和化学指数与伊/蒙混层矿物含量具有较好的正相关性,且在第Ⅰ阶段相对于其它指标较敏感,出现波动。通过综合对比分析,将研究区剖面划分为4个阶段,其是3个冷暖干湿的大循环和若干个小循环气候环境的物质记录。 相似文献
7.
为揭示临夏盆地晚渐新世沉积物的矿物组成对环境气候的指示意义, 利用X射线衍射和扫描电子显微分析方法, 对临夏盆地晚渐新世的沉积物的矿物组成以及坡缕石的矿物学特征进行了深入的研究.结果表明, 沉积物中的坡缕石主要为自生成因, 极少量具有碎屑成因.自生成因的坡缕石呈细长丝状的形态特征, 往往沿片状的伊/蒙混层粘土矿物颗粒的边缘交代、生长;碎屑成因的坡缕石呈平直细纤维状的, 以单颗粒形式产出, 与细小的粘土矿物颗粒混杂, 或叠合在片状粘土矿物颗粒的表面.在临夏盆地晚渐新世沉积物中, 下段岩层中的粘土矿物组合为伊利石、伊/蒙混层粘土和高岭石;中段岩层的为伊利石、伊/蒙混层粘土;而上段岩层则为伊利石、伊/蒙混层粘土和绿泥石, 反映在盆地形成之后, 气候演化经历从湿润→冷干的变化过程.而沉积物中坡缕石的含量自下而上逐渐增多, 其分布特征与粘土矿物组合所反映的气候环境变化趋势相吻合.伊利石和伊/蒙混层粘土普遍存在于临夏盆地晚渐新世沉积物中, 伊利石、伊/蒙混层粘土和高岭石的共存表明这些粘土矿物具有不同的来源.坡缕石是干旱、半干旱地区泥灰岩风化以及风成沙漠尘土沉积物的特征矿物, 临夏盆地晚渐新世的沉积物中碎屑成因坡缕石的发现, 表明自~9Ma以来便出现风成黄土的沉积. 相似文献
8.
青藏高原东北缘古气候可能受控于全球变冷、青藏高原隆升及局地地形变化的影响。为解析气候演化过程及驱动因素,本文以青藏高原东北缘循化盆地西沟剖面作为研究对象,在已有古地磁年龄约束基础上,分析了中中新世—早上新世沉积物中黏土矿物的组成和微观形貌特征。结果表明,西沟剖面沉积物中黏土矿物主要由伊利石、蒙脱石、绿泥石和高岭石组成,其中伊利石含量最高,平均为59. 3％;蒙脱石次之,平均为18. 2％,绿泥石平均含量为12. 3％,高岭石平均含量为10. 2％。根据剖面中黏土矿物含量和比值的变化特征,结合循化盆地西沟剖面的沉积速率、孢粉记录、有机质碳同位素和沉积岩地球化学比值,并与深海氧同位素值（δ18O）变化曲线对比,将循化盆地14. 6~5. 0 Ma气候环境演化划分为3个阶段：14. 6~12. 7 Ma,气候干冷期,与北半球冰盖扩展引发的全球性降温事件有关;12. 7~8. 0 Ma,气候相对温暖湿润期,可能与循化盆地周围山体隆升有关,即积石山在~12. 7 Ma隆升至临界高度,成为西风带输送水汽的地形屏障,使得循化盆地内的降水增强;8. 0~5. 0 Ma,气候再次转向干冷期,该阶段气候的干旱化对应于青藏高原在8 Ma左右的快速隆升,高原进一步的隆升阻碍东亚季风西风带的暖湿气流向内陆的输送,从而引起区域干旱化。 相似文献
9.
《新疆地质》2017,(3)
和什托洛盖盆地上石炭统太勒古拉组具有页岩气勘探潜力。为详细了解太勒古拉组泥页岩岩矿特征及其对页岩气勘探开发的影响,采用X射线衍射仪定量分析法,对其中的泥页岩岩矿特征进行了较全面的系统分析,结果表明太勒古拉组泥页岩具以下特征:(1)脆性矿物百分含量均值超过50%,表明可压裂性较好;(2)黏土矿物以伊利石和绿泥石为主,且随着伊利石含量的增多,伊/蒙间层含量大致呈相应降低的规律;(3)太三段泥页岩黏土矿物组合为高岭石+伊蒙混层+绿泥石+伊利石,加之其有机质镜质体反射率深部平均为1.15%,地表平均为1.20%,表明太三段已进入中成岩阶段;(4)黏土矿物、石英+长石及碳酸盐岩含量与井深相关性较差;盆地西南缘及东南缘脆性矿物含量略高于南缘,盆地北缘脆性矿物含量略低于盆地南缘,黏土矿物反之;(5)该组沉积于滨海环境,与川南筇竹寺组和龙马溪组海相泥页岩的形成环境不同。 相似文献
10.
广西柳桥地区二叠系-三叠系界线附近黏土矿物及古气候特征 总被引：3，自引：3，他引：3
对广西柳桥地区深水相二叠系-三叠系界线地层进行了详细的黏土矿物研究,依据黏土矿物种类的质量分数将东攀剖面划分为3个带.质量分数总体较高的蒙脱石和伊利石组合的出现,说明该区当时处于中低纬度温和干湿交替的古气候环境.大隆组绝大部分地层出现质量分数相对稳定的高岭石,表明晚二叠世末具有温暖-炎热潮湿气候的特点.大隆组顶部(第二带)伊蒙混层的剧增,表明火山活动增强.罗楼组(第三带)中高岭石和伊蒙混层消失,主要的黏土矿物为伊利石,表明火山活动明显减弱,气候变成温和干旱.剖面中长石和伊利石呈逐渐增多的趋势,表明相对海平面下降,陆源物注入量逐渐增加,这与沉积相的分析结果相吻合. 相似文献
11.
The results of the study of clay mineral alterations in Upper Pleistocene sediments of the southern trough in the Guaymas Basin (Gulf of California) due to the influence of hydrothermal solutions and heat produced by sill intrusions are discussed. Core samples from DSDP Holes 477 and 477A were taken for the analysis of clay minerals. Application of the method of modeling X-ray diffraction patterns of oriented specimens of the finely dispersed particles made it possible to establish the phase composition of clay minerals, determine their structural parameters, and obtain reliable quantitative estimates of their contents in natural mixtures. The modeling data allowed us to characterize reliably the transformation of clay minerals in sediments of the hydrothermally active southern trough in the Guaymas Basin. In Upper Pleistocene sandy–clayey sediments of the southern trough, changes in the composition of clay minerals occurred under the influence of a long-living hydrothermal system. Its lower part (interval 170.0–257.5 m) with maximum temperatures (~300°C) was marked by the formation of chlorite. Terrigenous clay minerals are not preserved here. Saponite appears at a depth of 248 m in the chlorite formation zone. Higher in the sedimentary section, the interval 146–170 m is also barren of terrigenous clay minerals. Sediments of this interval yielded two newly formed clay minerals (chlorite and illite), which were formed at lower temperatures (above 180°C and below 300°C, approximately up to ~250°C), while the relatively low-temperature upper part (110–146 m) of the hydrothermal system (from ~140°C to ~180°C) includes the mixture of terrigenous and newly formed clay minerals. Terrigenous illite is preserved here. Illitization of the mixed-layer illite–smectite was subjected to illitization. The terrigenous montmorillonite disappeared, and chlorite–smectite with 5–10% of smectite layers were formed. In the upper interval (down to approximately 110 mbsf), the composition of terrigenous clay minerals remains unchanged. They are composed of the predominant mixed-layer illite–smectite and montmorillonite, the subordinate illite, mixed-layer chlorite–smectite with 5% of smectite layers, mixed-layer kaolinite–smectite with 30% of smectite layers, and kaolinite. This composition of clay minerals changed under the influence of sill intrusions into the sedimentary cover at 58–105 m in the section of Hole 477. The most significant changes are noted in the 8-m-thick member above the sill at 50–58 m. The upper part of this interval is barren of the terrigenous mixed-layer illite–smectite, which is replaced by the newly formed trioctahedral smectite (saponite). At the same time, the terrigenous dioctahedral smectite (montmorillonite) is preserved. The composition of terrigenous clay minerals remains unchanged at the top of the unit underlying the sill base. 相似文献
12.
对川东华蓥山二叠系／三叠系界线附近粘土层中的粘土矿物进行野外采样和室内X射线衍射分析,结果表明,这些粘土矿物主要由规则混层伊利石-蒙脱石组成,其中1个样品可能舍有少量不规则混层绿泥石-蒙脱石等粘土矿物。总地看来．该界线粘土层中的规则混层伊利石-蒙脱石中伊利石层的含量自下而上呈现减少的趋势,平均含量约83％,所经历的最大古地温在125-150℃之间。这些粘土矿物的构成和特征与前人在华南其他地区相同层位取得的成果总体上具有较好的一致性．显示了该粘土层成因的相同性及所具有的等时意义。不同地区粘土矿物构成的差异性（如高岭石的存在与含量）可能与二叠系／三叠系界线不整合的存在与否或间断时间有关,规则混层伊利石-蒙脱石的混层比则与埋藏历史和沉积-沉积期后的流体介质有关。 相似文献
13.
Industrial uranium orebodies have recently been found through in-depth uranium exploration in the Luohe Formation in the southwestern Ordos Basin, which is an important breakthrough in deep prospecting for sandstone-type uranium deposits. The composition, content and characteristics of clay minerals in the Luohe Formation in the Zhenyuan area were systematically studied by means of thin section identification, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and altered mineral spectral scanning. Unlike the most important uranium-bearing rock series in the Zhiluo Formation in the northeast and southwest of the basin, the ore-bearing Luohe Formation sandstone has low contents of clay minerals while the clay mineral assemblages vary in different sand bodies. Among them, the main types of mudstone, oxidized sandstone, calcareous sandstone and mineralized sandstone are illite-smectite mixed-layer mineral and illite, followed by kaolinite and chlorite, the main types uranium-rich sandstone and gray-green sandstone are kaolinite and illite-smectite mixed-layer mineral, followed by illite and chlorite. Even though adsorption of clay minerals, such as chlorite, illite-smectite mixed-layer mineral, kaolinite, and illite may contribute to U enrichment and uranium mineral precipitation, no correlation between clays and uranium minerals have been observed, indicating that clay minerals are not the main factor affecting uranium enrichment during the deep metallogenic process. The study of clay minerals in the Luohe Formation sandstone demonstrated that there are at least two phases of chlorite and one phase of kaolinite in the study area, which respectively represent two phases of alkaline fluid and one phase of acid fluid activities, revealing a fluid phase transition of alkaline-acidic-alkaline. Therefore, the clay minerals can be used as an important indicator for uranium mineralization. © 2020, Science Press. All right reserved. 相似文献
14.
为揭示青藏高原东北缘早渐新世—早中新世气候环境演化及干旱化事件,采用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微分析(SEM)等现代测试技术,对甘肃兰州盆地早渐新世—早中新世沉积物中粘土矿物的微观形貌、相对含量、V(Ill+Chl)/V(Sme)比值等参数进行了系统研究。结果表明,早渐新世—早中新世沉积物中粘土矿物主要有伊利石、绿泥石、蒙脱石以及少量的伊-蒙混层粘土矿物,指示该时间段气候总体以干旱为特征,局部出现相对温暖潮湿的气候。根据粘土矿物相对含量及V(Ill+Chl)/V(Sme)比值变化特征将兰州地区早渐新世—早中新世的气候环境演化划分为以下4个阶段:(Ⅰ)31.5~28.8 Ma相对温干偏湿的气候阶段;(Ⅱ)28.8~26.2 Ma相对冷干的气候阶段;(Ⅲ)26.2~22.1 Ma相对温暖潮湿的气候阶段;(Ⅳ)22.1~16.5 Ma相对温干偏湿的气候阶段。扫描电子显微分析表明,在相对温暖潮湿的时期,粘土矿物溶蚀较明显;在相对干旱的时期,粘土矿物表现显著的物理风化特征。以上粘土矿物学特征所揭示的阶段性干旱可能与青藏高原的阶段性隆升相对应。 相似文献
15.
SONG Eping ZHANG Kexin CHEN Jiangjun WANG Chaowen JIANG Gaolei YIN Ke HONG Hanlie CHURCHMAN Jock Gordon 《《地质学报》英文版》2014,88(5):1579-1591
This study collected the early Oligocene to middle Miocene sediments from the Gerze Basin of Tibet, and used X-Ray diffraction （XRD） and Scanning Electron Microscope （SEM） to discuss their clay mineralolgy, clay indices, better understand the clay mineralogy and its paleoclimatic significance. The results show that clay minerals of the Gerze Basin sediments are mainly composed of iilite and chlorite, with minor amounts of smectite and kaolinite, and their relative content varies along the section. Variations of relative contents and clay indices suggest that the Gerze Basin has experienced three-stage evolution of paleoclimate： I ） high ilUte and chlorite contents, with fluctuant smectite and low （I＋Ch）/（K＋S） ratio, indicative of a dominant seasonal arid climate from the early Oligoeene to late Oligocene; Ⅱ） higher illite and chlorite contents and larger （I＋Ch）/（K＋S） ratio but absence of kaolinite, indicating a colder and drier climate from the late Oligocene to early Miocene; Ⅲ） high iilite and chlorite contents with fluctuant （I＋Ch）/（K＋S） ratios and occasional occurrence of kaolinite, suggesting that the climate became warmer and more humid compared with that of stage Ⅱ in the mid-Miocene. These conclusions were also reinforced by the clay morphology, which suggests that physical weathering dominated in stage Ⅱ, while relatively strong chemical weathering was dominant in stages Ⅰ and Ⅲ Clay minerals of the sediments mainly consist of illite and chlorite, indicating that the source rock played a significant role in clay origin. It is inferred that global cooling and the enhancement of denudation and obstruction of northward moisture due to the uplift of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau were responsible for the provenance of iUite and chlorite under weak chemical weathering. Though the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau reached a certain elevation by the mid-Miocene, yet the mid-Miocene widespread warming might have largely impacted the Gerze climate. 相似文献
16.
Richard H. April 《Sedimentary Geology》1981,29(4):283-307
The clay mineralogy of the Newark Supergroup (Upper Triassic/Lower Jurassic) in the Connecticut Valley was studied by X-ray diffraction analysis. Clay minerals identified in 126 samples are illite, chlorite, smectite, kaolinite, vermiculite, expandable chlorite, mixed-layer illite/smectite, mixed-layer chlorite/smectite, and mixed-layer chlorite/vermiculite. In general, the rocks are illitic with subordinate amounts of chlorite. However, the various lithofacies in the Newark Supergroup are characterized by distinct clay-mineral assemblages. Red beds of floodplain origin contain clays mainly of detrital nature with 2M illite most abundant. Subordinate amounts of chlorite, smectite, vermiculite, kaolinite and mixed-layer illite/smectite are also present. An interstratified chlorite/vermiculite occurs in red mudstone underlying basalt flows. Lacustrine gray beds are generally characterized by the clay-mineral assemblage 1Md illite + chlorite with minor amounts of smectite ane expandable chlorite. An interstratified chlorite/smectite predominates in gray mudstone associated with perennial lake cycles in the East Berlin Formation. Black shales of deeper lacustrine origin contain the assemblage 1Md ifillite + trioctahedral smectite and traces of chlorite. Illite and smectite also occur as mixed-layer phases.In many respects, the distribution of clay minerals in the Connecticut Valley can be likened to the general scheme proposed for the Permo-Triassic basins of Europe and Africa. These display both vertical and horizontal variations in clay-mineral assemblages that reflect the chemical and spatiotemporal evolution of intrabasin depositional and diagenetic environments. Chemical data indicate that magnesium, especially, was concentrated in the black muds of large perennial lakes that intermittently occupied the Connecticut rift valley. Pore waters derived from these sediments played an important role in the development of Mg-rich 2 : 1 and interstratified clay minerals during early diagenesis. 相似文献
17.
根据岩石薄片、Ｘ衍射和扫描电镜分析资料,本文研究了巴州坳陷下白垩统—中侏罗统粘土矿物特征,发现粘土矿物分为伊利石、伊／蒙混层和绿泥石三种类型。粘土矿物的类型和含量随深度而变化,形成了伊／蒙混层带、混层迅速转化带和伊利石带。粘土矿物的转化和自生粘土矿物的形成是沉积地层非常重要的成岩变化。 相似文献
18.
SONG Bowen ZHANG Kexin CHEN Ruiming WANG Chaowen LUO Mansheng ZHANG Jianyu JIANG Shangsong 《《地质学报》英文版》2013,87(2):528-539
The thick, Eocene to Pliocene, sedimentary sequence in Qaidam Basin at the northern margin of the Tibetan Plateau records the surface uplift history of the northeastern Tibetan plateau. In this study, we present detailed geochemistry, heavy mineral, and clay mineralogy data of the well preserved sedimentary record in the Dahongou section in the northeast of the Qaidam Basin. The results suggest that the sedimentary sequence recorded a 30 Ma young uplift/unroofing event in the northern edge of the Qaidam Basin, which is characterized by high ZTR index value and chlorite content, and low CIW`. The results are consistent with previous sedimentological studies of the Qaidam Basin, which indicated rapid increase of the accumulation rates around 30 Ma. Based on past thermochronological data from the mountains around the Qaidam Basin and the accumulation rates of the Cenozoic basins in the northeastern Tibetan Plateau, we infer a regional uplift and denudation event along the northeastern Tibetan Plateau during early Oligocene (～30 Ma), indicating that the Tibetan Plateau had expanded north-eastward of the study area at that time. 相似文献
19.
Jung Ho Ahn Donald R. Peacor Douglas S. Coombs 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》1988,99(1):82-89
Clay minerals from the three principal kinds of zeolitic sediments from the type area for zeolite facies alteration, the Triassic Murihiku Supergroup, Southland, New Zealand, have been studied by TEM. Bentonitic tuff consists largely of smectite and heulandite with minor illite; they occur as replacements of glass shards and are inferred to be direct alteration products of tuff alteration. Both analcime- and laumontite-rich tuffs contain chlorite, illite and mixed-layer illite-chlorite, including 11 mixed-layer sequences. Subhedral to euhedral phyllosilicate crystal shapes and other textural features imply that phyllosilicates crystallized from solution derived in part by dissolution of precursor smectite. Intralayer transitions involving illite and chlorite are inferred to be products of crystallization rather than direct alteration and replacement. Petrographically similar bentonitic and analcimized tuffs overlap each other in the stratigraphic section, supporting earlier observations that there is no systematic change in smectite relative to the illite plus chlorite derived from smectite in sections up to 8.5 km thick. The data imply that smectite may be metastable relative to illite plus chlorite. Permeability and fluid chemistry are inferred to be as significant as temperature in promoting reactions in clay minerals as well as zeolites during burial metamorphism.Contribution No. 436, from The Mineralogical Laboratory, Department of Geological Sciences, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109 相似文献