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利用日本东京大学气候系统研究所、日本环境研究所和日本地球环境研究中心联合开发的海气耦合模式MIROC3.2，研究了全球变暖对ENSO年际变率的影响。该模式较好地模拟了ENSO循环的不同阶段表层和次表层海水温度变化，海表温度最大振幅出现在120°W以东，与观测一致，表明模式可以较好反映热带地区大气、海洋的动力、热力特征。研究还比较了控制试验和CO2浓度年增长1%的瞬时试验，结果表明，在全球变暖的大环境下ENSO事件发生频率没有显著变化，但ENSO事件强度增大，年际变率变大；热带太平洋呈现整体增暖趋势，表层温度尤其是热带中太平洋地区温度升高显著。敏感性分析表明，年际ENSO变率的振幅增大的主要贡献来自于海洋。海水增温导致热带太平洋海温垂直梯度增大，在热带西太平洋海温垂直温度梯度变化最为明显；次表层海温对单位大气风应力变化的响应大于表层海温响应。当这种响应与热带太平洋赤道地区径向温度梯度变化的共同作用导致温室效应下ENSO振幅增大。 相似文献
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利用NOAA海表温度和NCEP/NCAR大气环流等全球再分析资料,讨论了2015/2016年超强El Nio事件局地海气过程的演变特征,并与1982/1983和1997/1998年两次强El Nio事件做了对比分析。结果表明,2015/2016年El Nio在峰值强度、持续时间、累计海温距平等指标上都略强于前两次El Nio,可视为有完整气象观测纪录以来的最强事件;与前两次事件相比,2015/2016年El Nio海温异常中心位置明显偏西,热带东太平洋海温相对较冷而中太平洋更暖,由于热带对流对海温的非线性响应,赤道东太平洋降水相对较弱,中太平洋则显著偏多,这在El Nio当年12月至次年4月尤为明显;此外,在前两次El Nio的成熟期至衰减期,中太平洋大气响应都存在明显的南移特征,西风异常和对流中心都从赤道南移到了5°S以南。而2015/2016年中太平洋大气响应一直位于赤道附近,南移特征相对较弱,ENSO和年循环相互作用的组合模态相比前两次较弱,西北太平洋反气旋的强度也弱于前两次。这主要是由于2015年冬季至2016年春季,热带太平洋暖海温异常位置偏西,中太平洋海温异常明显强于前两次,叠加气候平均态海温之后,赤道南北两侧海温都高于对流阈值,对流旺盛,这大大削弱了大气响应的经向移动和ENSO组合模态的强度。 相似文献
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An enhanced influence of sea surface temperature in the tropical northern Atlantic on the following winter ENSO since the early 1980s 
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下载免费PDF全文 《大气和海洋科学快报》2017,(2)
已有研究指出春季热带北大西洋海温对随后冬季ENSO事件的发生存在显著的影响。该研究发现它们的联系在20世纪80年代初以后显著增强。20世纪80年代初以后,春季热带北大西洋海温为正异常时,副热带东北太平洋存在显著的异常气旋环流,同时异常沃克环流在热带中东太平洋引起显著的异常下沉运动。异常气旋环流西侧的东北风异常增强气候态的风速,导致负海温异常。负海温异常通过Gill型大气响应使得热带西北太平洋产生异常的反气旋环流。同时,热带中东太平洋的沃克环流异常下沉运动也对热带西北太平洋异常反气旋环流的形成起到一定作用。热带西北太平洋反气旋环流南侧的东风异常通过海洋动力过程对随后冬季ENSO产生影响。因此,春季热带北大西洋海温对冬季ENSO存在显著的影响。然而,20世纪80年代以前,春季热带北大西洋海温相关的热带东北太平洋异常气旋环流和热带地区的异常沃克环流不显著,从而不能在热带西北太平洋产生异常反气旋。所以,20世纪80年代以前,春季热带北大西洋海温对冬季ENSO的影响不显著。进一步的分析指出,春季热带北大西洋海温对ENSO影响的年代际变化可能与热带北大西洋降水气候态的年代际变化有关。 相似文献
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利用1982～1996年逐月平均SST和OLR资料,首先通过奇异值分解（SVD）技术研究了热带太平洋大气对流活动和海温场的时间和空间结构及其相互关系。结果表明,第一模态都明显地反映出ENSO信息,两场间具有很高的相关。分析了80年代以来的E1 Ni?o/La Ni?a盛期的热带太平洋对流活动场以及NINO 3指数与OLR场的点相关,结果指出,中东太平洋和西太平洋上存在类似偶极子型的两个符号相反的相关区,与SVD第一模态空间分布型十分相似。由此建立了反映ENSO期间热带中东太平洋和西太平洋反向变化的对流涛动 相似文献
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从短期气候预测关注的外强迫信号角度出发,回顾了国内外在海温异常对东亚夏季风和我国汛期降水影响机理方面的主要研究进展,重点评述了热带太平洋ENSO循环、热带印度洋全区一致型海温模态、热带印度洋海温异常偶极子、南印度洋偶极子和北大西洋海温三极子模态的年际变化及其对东亚夏季风年际变率的影响。从研究成果在短期气候预测业务中应用的角度,重点关注海温异常和东亚夏季风年际变率以及我国汛期降水多雨带位置的关系,总结了海温异常作为外强迫信号对我国汛期降水预测的指示意义以及汛期降水预测的难度。最后指出气候预测业务对东亚夏季风影响的机理研究和动力气候模式发展方面的需求。 相似文献
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热带太平洋次表层海温异常年代际变率及其对中国气候异常的影响 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
利用近50年月平均的SODA海洋同化资料和NCEP大气再分析资料,研究了热带太平洋次表层海温异常(SOTA)年代际变率主要分布型以及与之相关的亚洲-北太平洋-北美地区上空异常大气环流场,并揭示了类ENSO模态与中国气候异常之间的联系.得到主要结果:(1)热带太平洋SOTA年代际变率有两种类ENSO模态.第一模为类ENSO事件成熟期热带太平洋年代际SOTA状态；第二模为类ENSO过渡期热带太平洋年代际SOTA状态.二者组合构成类ENSO事件40年左右及其背景下13年左右的周期振荡.(2)类ENSO事件对亚洲-北太平洋-北美上空中高纬和副热带大气系统年代际变化具有重要影响.类El Ni(n)o成熟期间冬季,中高纬地区大气环流经向型发展,贝加尔湖高压脊加强,西太平洋副高偏强、位置偏西,蒙古高原为较强的异常反气旋环流.类El Ni(n)o衰退期(类La Ni(n)a发展期)夏季,贝加尔湖低压槽加深,乌拉尔山高压脊加强,西太平洋副高偏弱,新疆-河套地区为较强的异常反气旋环流距平.类La Ni(n)a事件时相反.(3)热带太平洋类ENSO事件通过影响中高纬和副热带大气系统,造成中国北部地区上空南风距平的年代际变化,进而导致东亚季风和中国气候异常.类El Ni(n)o事件成熟期,中国北部地区上空多异常偏北风,东亚季风弱,华北少雨,长江中、下游多雨；类El Ni(n)o衰退(类La Ni(n)a发展)期,中国北部地区上空亦为异常偏北气流,东亚季风较弱,华北少雨.中国气候异常型主要取决于类ENSO第一模态,而第二模态主要视位相异同来加强或减弱第一模态.两个类ENSO模态的共同作用导致1978年前后中国气候跃变和华北地区持续20余年的干旱.近期类ENSO模的振荡从1998年左右开始转为类La Ni(n)a模态,大致在2018年左右结束.在此期间,华北降水有望增加,长江中、下游降水可能减少. 相似文献
8.
区域耦合模式FROALS模拟的西北太平洋热带气旋潜势分布与年际变率:耦合与非耦合试验比较 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
热带气旋潜势指数可以合理刻画热带气旋生成的位置与范围, 被广泛应用于评估气候系统模式对热带气旋的模拟。本文使用区域海—气耦合模式FROALS对西北太平洋地区1982～2007年的积分结果, 检验了该模式对热带气旋潜势指数的气候态和年际变率模拟能力, 并从决定热带气旋潜势的五个变量角度, 分析了造成模式模拟偏差的原因。结果表明, 模式可以合理再现西北太平洋地区热带气旋潜势指数的分布, 但由于西北太平洋季风槽模拟偏弱且耦合后模拟海温偏冷, 使得耦合试验模拟的热带气旋潜势指数分布偏弱, 尽管较之单独大气模式, 其模拟的空间分布有改善。在年际变率方面, 模式可以合理再现年际变率中热带气旋潜势指数对ENSO的响应, 且耦合模式优于单独大气模式, 分析表明其原因在于耦合模式模拟的850 hPa季风槽强度与年际变率优于单独大气模式。因此区域耦合模式在模拟热带气旋指数年际变率方面相较大气模式有优势。 相似文献
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热带印度洋偶极子 (Indian Ocean Dipole) 是印度洋海域内海洋和大气环流年际变化的主要特征模态之一, 在热带海气耦合系统中起到非常重要的作用。同热带太平洋的ENSO现象类似, 热带印度洋偶极子也呈现出显著的不对称性。本文利用中国科学院大气物理研究所发展的全球海洋环流模式, 在观测风应力距平的强迫下, 评估了模式对热带印度洋季节变化、 热带印度洋偶极子 (IOD) 模态及其不对称性的模拟能力, 并且通过数值试验分析了IOD模态不对称性特征及其对气候平均态的影响。对照观测资料, 模式较好地再现了热带印度洋SST在季风驱动下的季节变化特征。在年际时间尺度上, 模式不仅能够再现IOD指数的变化趋势, 而且可以成功模拟出IOD模态的空间分布特征, 即表层和次表层海温在西印度洋表现为正异常, 在东印度洋表现为负异常。可见, 对于热带印度洋而言, IOD模态主要是对风应力异常的响应。热带印度洋海温与Niño3.4指数的相关性分析表明, 模式能够模拟出超前热带太平洋ENSO现象2～4个月时海温的偶极子型分布, 但是不能模拟出滞后ENSO现象2个月左右的全海盆增暖模态, 可能是因为模式试验中没有考虑热通量年际异常的强迫。同时, 模式模拟的IOD模态具有同观测结果相类似的不对称性, 进一步的敏感性试验表明风应力的不对称性对偶极子指数的不对称性贡献较小, 次表层及以下海温的不对称性可能主要受到海洋内部非线性动力过程的影响。通过数值试验, 本文还发现热带印度洋海温的不对称性对气候平均态会有影响, 而这种不对称性长期积累后, 会导致上层热带印度洋温度层结趋于稳定状态。 相似文献
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南亚夏季风的变化决定着印度半岛的旱涝状况,气候系统模式则是研究南亚夏季风变化规律的重要工具。本文基于观测和JRA55再分析资料,系统评估了FGOALS-g3模式模拟的南亚夏季风气候态和年际变率,并重点关注FGOALS-g3与FGOALS-g2以及是否考虑海气相互作用的模拟差异。结果表明,由于局地海温模拟的变化,相比于FGOALS-g2,FGOALS-g3模拟的南亚夏季风在气候态热带印度洋信风和El Ni?o期间沃克环流下沉支上有明显改进。同时,由于对流层系统性冷偏差持续存在并且中心位于副热带300 hPa附近,造成气候态上经向温度梯度减弱,使季风环流减弱,导致FGOALS-g3中陆地季风槽的水汽辐散偏差和降水干偏差仍然存在;在年际变率上,FGOALS-g3模拟的El Ni?o期间赤道西太平洋海温冷异常偏弱,印度洋偶极子偏强,导致印度半岛下沉运动减弱,FGOALS-g3中ENSO—印度降水负相关关系也依然偏弱。研究表明,耦合过程导致的气候态海温偏差通过改变环流和水汽输送,有效补偿了大气模式中印度半岛中部和中南半岛的降水湿偏差;在年际变率上,耦合模式由于考虑了海温—降水—云短波辐射的负反馈过程,能够减小大气模式模拟偏差的强度,但印太暖池区海温模拟偏差导致沃克环流下沉支偏西,使得印度半岛的降水响应出现更大的湿偏差。 相似文献
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Observations show that the tropical E1 Nifio-Southern Oscillation （ENSO） variability, after removing both the long term trend and decadal change of the background climate, has been enhanced by as much as 60% during the past 50 years. This shift in ENSO amplitude can be related to mean state changes in global climate. Past global warming has caused a weakening of the Walker circulation over the equatorial Indo-Pacific oceans, as well as a weakening of the trade winds and a reduction in the equatorial upwelling. These changes in tropical climatology play as stabilizing factors of the tropical coupling system. However, the shallower and strengthening thermocline in the equatorial Pacific increases the SST sensitivity to thermocline and wind stress variabilities and tend to destabilize the tropical coupling system. Observations suggest that the destabilizing factors, such as the strengthening thermocline, may have overwhelmed the stabilizing effects of the atmosphere, and played a deterministic role in the enhanced ENSO variability, at least during the past half century. This is different from the recent assessment of IPCC-AR4 coupled models. 相似文献
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Zeng-Zhen Hu Arun Kumar Bohua Huang Jieshun Zhu Hong-Li Ren 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2017,31(1):73-81
This paper discusses the interdecadal changes of the climate in the tropical Pacific with a focus on the corresponding changes in the characteristics of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO). Compared with 1979–1999, the whole tropical Pacific climate system, including both the ocean and atmosphere, shifted to a lower variability regime after 1999/2000. Meanwhile, the frequency of ENSO became less regular and was closer to a white noise process. The lead time of the equatorial Pacific's subsurface ocean heat content in preceding ENSO decreased remarkably, in addition to a reduction in the maximum correlation between them. The weakening of the correlation and the shortening of the lead time pose more challenges for ENSO prediction, and is the likely reason behind the decrease in skill with respect to ENSO prediction after 2000. Coincident with the changes in tropical Pacific climate variability, the mean states of the atmospheric and oceanic components also experienced physically coherent changes. The warm anomaly of SST in the western Pacific and cold anomaly in the eastern Pacific resulted in an increased zonal SST gradient, linked to an enhancement in surface wind stress and strengthening of the Walker circulation, as well as an increase in the slope of the thermocline. These changes were consistent with an increase (a decrease) in precipitation and an enhancement (a suppression) of the deep convection in the western (eastern) equatorial Pacific. Possible connections between the mean state and ENSO variability and frequency changes in the tropical Pacific are also discussed. 相似文献
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We propose a dynamical interpretation of the inverse relationship between the tropical eastern Pacific annual-cycle (AC) amplitude and the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) amplitude, based on a pre-industrial simulation of Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory Couple climate model 2.0 with a fixed concentration of greenhouse gases spanning approximately 500 years. The slowly varying background conditions over more than a decade alternately provided favorable conditions for two opposite regimes, namely the ‘strong AC—weak ENSO regime’ and the ‘weak AC—strong ENSO regime’. For the weak AC—strong ENSO regime, the tropical eastern Pacific shows meridional-asymmetric surface warming with an emphasis on the southern part, leading to weakening of both the zonal trade wind and the cross equatorial southerly wind, as well as deepening of both the thermocline and mixed layer. The deeper mixed layer, weaker southerly wind, and reduced zonal gradient of the mean sea surface temperature due to tropical eastern Pacific warming all acts to reduce the AC. Conversely, the ENSO was intensified by the deeper mixed layer and deeper thermocline depth (thermocline feedback), but suppressed by the deeper thermocline depth (Ekman feedback) and the reduced zonal temperature gradient. We also computed the coupling strengths of the ENSO and AC, defined as the linear regression coefficients of the zonal and meridional wind stresses against the eastern Pacific SST, respectively. The coupling strengths of both the AC and ENSO are larger when they are intensified, and vice versa. All processes for the weak AC—strong ENSO regime operate in the opposite manner for the strong AC—weak ENSO regime. 相似文献
14.
Daehyun Kim Jong-Seong Kug In-Sik Kang Fei-Fei Jin Andrew T. Wittenberg 《Climate Dynamics》2008,31(2-3):213-226
Impacts of convective momentum transport (CMT) on tropical Pacific climate are examined, using an atmospheric (AGCM) and coupled GCM (CGCM) from Seoul National University. The CMT scheme affects the surface mainly via a convection-compensating atmospheric subsidence which conveys momentum downward through most of the troposphere. AGCM simulations—with SSTs prescribed from climatological and El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) conditions—show substantial changes in circulation when CMT is added, such as an eastward shift of the climatological trade winds and west Pacific convection. The CMT also alters the ENSO wind anomalies by shifting them eastward and widening them meridionally, despite only subtle changes in the precipitation anomaly patterns. During ENSO, CMT affects the low-level winds mainly via the anomalous convection acting on the climatological westerly wind shear over the central Pacific—so that an eastward shift of convection transfers more westerly momentum toward the surface than would occur without CMT. By altering the low-level circulation, the CMT further alters the precipitation, which in turn feeds back on the CMT. In the CGCM, CMT affects the simulated climatology by shifting the mean convection and trade winds eastward and warming the equatorial SST; the ENSO period and amplitude also increase. In contrast to the AGCM simulations, CMT substantially alters the El Nino precipitation anomaly patterns in the CGCM. Also discussed are possible impacts of the CMT-induced changes in climatology on the simulated ENSO. 相似文献
15.
气候系统模式FGOALS_gl模拟的赤道太平洋年际变率 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
本文分析了中国科学院大气物理研究所大气科学和地球流体力学数值模拟国家重点实验室 (LASG/IAP) 发展的气候系统模式FGOALS_gl对赤道太平洋年际变率的模拟能力。结果表明, FGOALS_gl可以较好地模拟出赤道太平洋SST异常年际变率的主要特征, 但模拟的ENSO事件振幅偏大, 且变率周期过于规则。耦合模式模拟的气候平均风应力在热带地区比ERA40再分析资料的风应力强度偏弱30%左右, 由此引起的海洋平均态的变化, 是造成模拟的ENSO振幅偏强的主要原因。FGOALS_gl模拟的ENSO峰值多出现在春季或夏季, 原因可归之于模式模拟的SST季节循环偏差。耦合模式可以合理再现ENSO演变过程, 但观测中SST异常的东传特征在模式中没有得到再现, 这与模拟的ENSO发展模态表现为单一的 “SST模态” 有关。模拟的ENSO位相转换机制与 “充电—放电” 概念模型相符合, 赤道太平洋热含量的变化是维持ENSO振荡的机制。在ENSO暖位相时期, 赤道中东太平洋与印度洋—西太平洋暖池区的海平面气压距平型表现为南方涛动型 (SO型), 200 hPa位势高度分布表现为太平洋—北美遥相关型 (PNA型)。 相似文献
16.
The influence of mean climate on the seasonal cycle and the El Ni?o-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) in the tropical Pacific climate is investigated using the Climate Community System Model Version 3 (CCSM3). An empirical time-independent surface heat flux adjustment over the tropical ocean is applied to the oceanic component of CCSM3. In comparison with the control run, the heat flux-adjusted run simulates a more realistic mean climate not only for the sea surface temperature (SST) but also for wind stress and precipitation. Even though the heat flux adjustment is time-independent, the seasonal cycles of SST, wind stress and precipitation over the equatorial eastern Pacific are more realistic in the flux-adjusted simulation. Improvements in the representation of the ENSO variability in the heat flux-adjusted simulation include that the Nino3.4 SST index is less regular than a strong biennial oscillation in the control run. But some deficiencies also arise. For example, the amplitude of the ENSO variability is reduced in the flux-adjusted run. The impact of the mean climate on ENSO prediction is further examined by performing a series of monthly hindcasts from 1982 to 1998 using CCSM3 with and without the heat flux adjustment. The flux-adjusted hindcasts show slightly higher predictive skill than the unadjusted hindcasts with January initial conditions at lead times of 7?C9?months and July initial conditions at lead times of 9?C11?months. However, their differences during these months are not statistically significant. 相似文献
17.
The impact of the warm SST bias in the Southeast Pacific (SEP) on the quality of seasonal and interannual variability and ENSO prediction in a coupled GCM is investigated. The reduction of this bias is achieved by means of empirical heat flux correction that is constant in time. It leads to a wide range of changes in the tropical Pacific climate including enhanced southeast trades, well-defined dry zone in the SEP, better simulation of the South Pacific Convergence Zone and stronger cross-equatorial asymmetry of the mean state in the eastern Pacific. As a result of the mean climate correction, significant improvements in the simulation of the seasonal cycle of the oceanic and atmospheric states are also observed both at the equator and basin-wide. Due to more realistic simulation of the seasonal evolution of the cold tongue, tropical convection and surface winds in the corrected version of the model, phase-lock of ENSO to the annual cycle looses its strong semi-annual component and becomes quite similar to the observed, although the amplitude of ENSO is reduced. Zonal wind stress response to the SST anomalies in the central-eastern Pacific also becomes more realistic. ENSO retrospective forecast experiments conducted with the directly coupled and the flux-corrected versions of the model demonstrate that deficiencies in the seasonal evolution of the cold tongue/Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone complex (that were largely due to the SEP bias in this model) and the related errors in the ENSO phase-lock to the annual cycle can seriously degrade ENSO prediction. By reducing these errors, ENSO predictive skill in the coupled model was substantially enhanced. 相似文献
18.
F. Codron 《Climate Dynamics》2001,17(2-3):187-203
The changes of the variability of the tropical Pacific ocean forced by a shift of six months in the date of the perihelion
are studied using a coupled tropical Pacific ocean/global atmosphere GCM. The sensitivity experiments are conducted with two
versions of the atmospheric model, varied by two parametrization changes. The first one concerns the interpolation scheme
between the atmosphere and ocean models grids near the coasts, the second one the advection of water vapor in the presence
of downstream negative temperature gradients, as encountered in the vicinity of mountains. In the tropical Pacific region,
the parametrization differences only have a significant direct effect near the coasts; but coupled feedbacks lead to a 1 °C
warming of the equatorial cold tongue in the modified (version 2) model, and a widening of the western Pacific large-scale
convergence area. The sensitivity of the seasonal cycle of equatorial SST is very different between the two experiments. In
both cases, the response to the solar flux forcing is strongly modified by coupled interactions between the SST, wind stress
response and ocean dynamics. In the first version, the main feedback is due to anomalous upwelling and leads to westward propagation
of SST anomalies; whereas the version 2 model is dominated by an eastward-propagating thermocline mode. The main reason diagnosed
for these different behaviors is the atmospheric response to SST anomalies. In the warmer climate simulated by the second
version, the wind stress response in the western Pacific is enhanced, and the off-equatorial curl is reduced, both effects
favoring eastward propagation through thermocline depth anomalies. The modifications of the simulated seasonal cycle in version
2 lead to a change in ENSO behavior. In the control climate, the interannual variability in the eastern Pacific is dominated
by warm events, whereas cold events tend to be the more extreme ones with a shifted perihelion.
Received: 14 December 1999 / Accepted: 24 May 2000 相似文献
19.
Using multiple surface wind speed (SWS) data sets and trend empirical orthogonal function analysis, we have explored the trend in SWS associated with the large-scale tropical Pacific atmospheric circulation for the period 1979–2001. The present research provides a robust evidence of strengthening of the tropical Pacific Ocean SWS during this period and the magnitude is generally in line with the finding of Wentz et al. The strengthening in SWS is closely associated with the so-called La Ni?a-like sea surface temperature (SST) trend pattern rather than the changes in the ENSO, ENSO Modoki, or PDO. The present results, together with those from some recent climate model simulations, suggest that global warming forcing may have caused an intensification of SWS in the tropical Pacific Ocean by inducing the La Ni?a-like SST trend pattern due to ocean dynamics. Meanwhile, the strengthening in the tropical Pacific Ocean surface trade winds may also feedback to enhance the La Ni?a-like SST trend pattern under the positive wind-upwelling dynamic feedback mechanism. 相似文献
20.
Ariane Koch-Larrouy Matthieu Lengaigne Pascal Terray Gurvan Madec Sebastien Masson 《Climate Dynamics》2010,34(6):891-904
The sensitivity of the tropical climate to tidal mixing in the Indonesian Archipelago (IA) is investigated using a coupled
general circulation model. It is shown that the introduction of tidal mixing considerably improves water masses properties
in the IA, generating fresh and cold anomalies in the thermocline and salty and cold anomalies at the surface. The subsurface
fresh anomalies are advected in the Indian Ocean thermocline and ultimately surface to freshen the western part of the basin
whereas surface salty anomalies are advected in the Leuwin current to salt waters along the Australian coast. The ~0.5°C surface
cooling in the IA reduces by 20% the overlying deep convection. This improves both the amount and structure of the rainfall
and weakens the wind convergence over the IA, relaxes the equatorial Pacific trade winds and strengthens the winds along Java
coast. These wind changes causes the thermocline to be deeper in the eastern equatorial Pacific and shallower in the eastern
Indian Ocean. The El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) amplitude is therefore slightly reduced while the Indian Ocean Dipole/Zonal
Mode (IODZM) variability increases. IODZM precursors, related to ENSO events the preceding winter in this model, are also
shown to be more efficient in promoting an IODZM thanks to an enhanced wind/thermocline coupling. Changes in the coupled system
in response tidal mixing are as large as those found when closing the Indonesian Throughflow, emphasizing the key role of
IA on the Indo-Pacific climate. 相似文献