共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
J. Kamini Satish C. Jayanthi V. Raghavswamy 《Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing》2006,34(4):385-396
The process of urbanization has induced rapid changes in the land use leading to many infrastructural and environmental problems,
one of them being the frequent flooding during rains in major cities across the world. Present paper analyses the spatio-temporal
variations in the urban land use of the Mithi river catchment in Mumbai and its effect on the river, its drainage and flooding
events in catchment area, specifically in conjunction with the July 26, 2005 flood event in Mumbai City. Multi sensor satellite
data and GIS techniques have been used to generate land use/land cover at three different points of time and study variations
in the Mithi river course, thus correlating the land use/cover changes vis-a-vis the hydrographic and meteorologic information
for the Mithi river catchment. Results point to the adverse human-induced influences on the Mithi river and its catchment.
Almost 50% reduction in river width and 70% decrease in mudlfats and open spaces have been observed. There is also a clear
rise in builtup from 29% to 70% between 1966 and 2005, thus increasing the impervious surface which in turn increases run-off
during major rainfall, eventually flooding the city. 相似文献
2.
Wagner da Silva Billa Leonardo Bacelar Lima Santos Rogério Galante Negri 《Transactions in GIS》2023,27(8):2159-2174
Rainfall is one of the primary triggers for many geological and hydrological natural disasters. While the geological events are related to mass movements in land collapse due to waterlogging, the hydrological ones are usually assigned to runoff or flooding. Studies in the literature propose predicting mass movement events as a function of accumulated rainfall levels recorded at distinct periods. According to these approaches, a two-dimensional rainfall levels feature space is segmented into the occurrence and non-occurrence decision regions by an empirical critical curve (CC). Although this scheme may easily be extended to other purposes and applications, studies in the literature need to discuss its use for flooding prediction. In light of this motivation, the present study is unfolded in (1) verifying that defining CCs in the rainfall levels feature space is a practical approach for flooding prediction and (2) analyzing how geospatial components interact with rainfall levels and flooding prediction. A database containing the rainfall levels recorded for flooding and non-flooding events in São Paulo city, Brazil, regarding the period 2015–2016, was considered in this study. The results indicate good accuracy for flooding prediction using only partial rain, which can be improved by adding physical characteristics of the flooding locations, demonstrating a direct correlation with spatial interactions, and rainfall levels. 相似文献
3.
GPS反演的可降水量与降水的对比分析研究 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
本文以秦皇岛为例,分析GPS可降水量与降水实况的关系。2007年5月~8月期间发生16次降水过程,每次水汽的增加,都对应着一次降水过程和降水峰值的出现;16次降水事件中,GPS可降水量序列峰值超前降水发生时间1h和2h分别各为6次,两者占到总降水次数的75%,也就是说GPS可降水量序列峰值超前降水发生时间约为1~2h;降水出现的时间一般发生在大气可降水量迅速增加之后,在2h或3h的大气可降水量的增幅迅速增加达到5mm后,2h内出现降水占68.75%,3~4h出现降水占18.75%,5~6 h出现降水占6.25%;而大气可降水量迅速增加前2h内出现降水的仅占6.25%,即GPS可降水量迅速增加后4h内出现降水的比率占到87.5%。GPS可降水量可作为降水短期预报的指标之一。 相似文献
4.
城市活动事件(如文化、娱乐、体育等事件)的规模与影响力是城市经济文化发展的重要体现,其发生的全过程对城市现实空间与赛博空间都会产生巨大影响,从现实空间与赛博空间对城市活动事件的演化感知、动态建模与时空分析,具有重要的理论研究与应用价值。提出了一种结合现实空间交通数据与赛博空间社交媒体数据的城市活动事件时空建模分析方法,从事件进行中的交通轨迹,探测识别与事件显著相关的城市时空区域和交通流,分析现实空间事件热度的时空变化;从事件发生全过程的社交媒体数据中,探测分析赛博空间事件热度的时空变化;通过将现实空间和赛博空间的融合,建立城市活动事件时空模型,刻画事件全过程中城市地理空间与城市行为空间的时空演变特征。以2015年周杰伦"魔天伦2.0"世界巡回演唱会(武汉站)事件为例,采用武汉市出租车GPS轨迹数据和微博数据,对演唱会的事前、事中、事后实现城市地理空间与行为空间全过程建模与时空演变分析,并与单一数据源事件刻画模型进行比较,结果显示本方法能更合理地结合现实空间和赛博空间刻画城市活动事件。 相似文献
5.
Four major rainfall events that affected the Western Alps between autumn 1994 and autumn 2000 are analyzed to assess the bias between the radar rainfall estimates at rain gauge locations and the gauge amounts. The aim of this study is to demonstrate the importance of: 1) bias adjustment; 2) the training procedure used to train various adjustment methods by means of independent data; and 3) a quality check of the radar-gauge couples that were used for the training itself. A first adjustment method is simply based on a single "bias-correction" coefficient. A weighted multiple regression (WMR) is well worth the additional effort of determining three additional coefficients, which give a spatial distribution of the adjustment factor rather than a constant one for the whole domain as the output. The independent dataset that was used to train the gauge-adjustment techniques consists of daily radar/gauge amounts accumulated during the first day of each event. The following days are used for an independent verification that is dealt with in a companion letter, which will validate the methods and illustrate the improvements and the feasibility of a real-time application during intense events. The WMR technique tries to correct not only the overall bias but also the beam-broadening, visibility, and orography influences. The training procedure of both the bulk- and WMR-adjustment methods highlighted a considerable radar underestimation, which is certainly not surprising in mountainous terrain. The WMR-derived coefficients also clearly show that the radar underestimates precipitation for higher sampling volumes and longer distances. Since the WMR is fast and simple to use, it represents an alternative to more sophisticated methods and seems to be particularly useful for operational services. 相似文献
6.
如何根据城市突发事件应急处置任务需求,对分散的数据和服务资源进行高效聚集,辅助突发事件决策是智慧城市建设需要解决的问题之一。提出了事件驱动的城市信息聚焦服务模式,通过事件触发决策过程,实现事件处置任务需求和城市信息资源的无缝衔接和聚合,辅助决策者对城市突发事件有效处理决策及快速有效处置;设计了抽象决策信息聚焦服务链和决策结果的注册信息模型,实现了事件驱动的城市信息聚焦服务系统。以太原市燃气扩散事件为例开展系统应用实验,结果表明了所提的聚焦服务模式、注册信息模型和系统辅助城市突发公共事件应急处置决策的可行性和适用性。 相似文献
7.
The aim of the study was to evaluate flash flood potential areas in the Western Cape Province of South Africa, by integrating remote sensing products of high rainfall intensity, antecedent soil moisture and topographic wetness index (TWI). Rainfall has high spatial and temporal variability, thus needs to be quantified at an area in real time from remote sensing techniques unlike from sparsely distributed, point gauge network measurements. Western Cape Province has high spatial variation in topography which results in major differences in received rainfall within areas not far from each other. Although high rainfall was considered as the major cause of flash flood, also other contributing factors such as topography and antecedent soil moisture were considered. Areas of high flash flood potential were found to be associated with high rainfall, antecedent precipitation and TWI. Although TRMM 3B42 was found to have better rainfall intensity accuracy, the product is not available in near real time but rather at a rolling archive of three months; therefore, Multi- sensor precipitation estimate rainfall estimates available in near real time are opted for flash flood events. Advanced Scatterometer (ASCAT) soil moisture observations were found to have a reasonable r value of 0.58 and relatively low MAE of 3.8 when validated with in situ soil moisture measurements. The results of this study underscore the importance of ASCAT and TRMM satellite datasets in mapping areas at risk of flooding. 相似文献
8.
Bramha dutt Vishwakarma Kamal Jain Nico Sneeuw Balaji Devaraju 《Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing》2013,41(3):687-695
Gravity Recovery And Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellites were launched on March 17 2002 to derive with unprecedented accuracy, estimates of the global high resolution model of the earth’s gravity field. Local gravity changes with change in mass or mass redistribution. The mass changes can be due to hydrological events, seismic events or postglacial rebound, majorly. GRACE is sensitive to changes at large spatial scale since the resolution of GRACE is 400 km. Hydrological activities over basins provide sufficient mass changes to be detected by GRACE. In this research paper the discussion would be about two major flooding events in India, one being the 2005 monsoon flooding in Mumbai and nearby states and other being flood experienced by Bihar in 2008. The GRACE data is in the form of matrix consisting spherical harmonic coefficients. These coefficients are processed to obtain mass changes in terms of equivalent water height at a spatial scale of 400 km. The strategy of analysis is also discussed which need to be followed depending upon limitations of GRACE observation and requirement of application, here in this case application is flood induced mass change detection. Time-series and residual plots are generated and they show the flooding events for the concerned area as outliers. Better visualisation is obtained by residual plot, if there is a trend or systematic behaviour in time-series. This work points towards the qualitative capability of GRACE to detect flooding events at large spatial scale. Quantitative analysis requires in-situ data over the period of GRACE which is not possible for the cases discussed here. 相似文献
9.
10.
Investigation of rainfall–run-off modelling is an important subject to develop any available means to water supply, which maintains human life such as run-off harvesting method. This study aims to analyse and understand the rainfall–run-off relationship in a part of Babil city, Iraq. Curve number which is a function of land use, soil texture, soil moisture and land slope is used in this study. Remote sensing and GIS are used to analyse the data and to produce the run-off depth map for the study area. Then, the run-off depth is used with rainfall to investigate the relationship between them using linear correlation. This study showed a strong linear relationship between rainfall and run-off (R2 = 0.992). It indicates that in the absence of rainfall data, run-off data can be used to estimate rainfall amount. Also, the study revealed through water balance analysis that there is an average monthly change in storage. 相似文献
11.
This is the second letter of the series on improving operational measurement of precipitation using radar in mountainous terrain. Four major rainfall events (11 days) that affected the Western Alps between autumn 1994 and autumn 2000 are analyzed. In the first letter, the focus was on the advantages/disadvantages of the adjustment techniques, the importance of the training, and quality check of the radar-gauge couples used for the training itself. In this letter, our objective is to verify the improvement that can be eventually be obtained by applying in real time the adjustment techniques previously described. The first day of each event was used in the training, and the remaining seven days provided the dataset for the verification (up to 70 gauges in a /spl sim/12000-km/sup 2/ area within 157 km from the radar). A simple bulk adjustment is able to reduce the root-mean-square differences between the daily radar and gauge amounts. A further improvement can be obtained by using, instead of a single bulk-adjusted coefficient, the four correction coefficients derived through a weighted multiple regression (WMR). Thanks to the four WMR-derived coefficients, it is possible to correct several errors in one step (not only "bias," but also beam-broadening, shielding, and orographic enhancement). As a consequence, it represents an inexpensive alternative to more sophisticated methods (e.g., vertical reflectivity profile correction), and at least during intense "long-lasting" (one day or more) events, it could be used operationally to improve-in real time-precipitation estimates over mountainous terrain. 相似文献
12.
城市是陆表重要的覆盖类型之一,精确提取城市微波发射率、研究其辐射特征和影响因素有利于提高城市密集区被动微波遥感反演土壤水分的精度.利用2008 年AMSR-E(Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer for Earth Observing System)6.925 GHz 和10.65 GHz 双极化的时间序列亮温数据和其他多种辅助数据,在分析并去除无线电干扰的前提下,提取中国区域相对纯净城市像元的发射率,并分析其辐射特征的季节变化和影响因素.结果表明,根据本文方法提取得到的中国区域纯净城市像元有两个,分别位于北京和上海.城市亮温受到无线电干扰影响,一年内不同城市、波段、过境时间的卫星观测亮温受到的干扰强度不同.去除无线电干扰后,各通道的城市发射率在一年中变化不大,且卫星降轨观测时刻的发射率比升轨时刻更加稳定.降雨是影响城市发射率的重要因子,当降雨量达到一定程度后,城市发射率与降雨量呈现明显的负线性相关. 相似文献
13.
针对区域干旱事件特征精确量化的问题,本文首先提出了一种基于GRACE/GRACE-FO时变重力场数据的干旱事件评估方法,然后对基于GRACE/GRACE-FO数据的干旱指数进行了验证,最后利用上述评估方法探测了2002年4月—2020年12月长江流域发生的干旱事件,并对上述干旱事件特征进行量化分析。结果表明:在长江流域内,本文构建的干旱指数与传统干旱指数具有很好的一致性。在研究时间段内长江流域发生了8次较大的干旱事件,其中最严重的发生在2002年9月至2004年7月,共计持续了23个月,干旱严重程度为-14.07,平均40%的流域面积受到了干旱灾害的影响。 相似文献
14.
15.
Mazlan Hashim Syarifuddin Misbari Amin Beiranvand Pour 《Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing》2018,46(2):233-248
Integration of satellite remote sensing data and GIS techniques is an applicable approach for landslide mapping and assessment in highly vegetated regions with a tropical climate. In recent years, there have been many severe flooding and landslide events with significant damage to livestock, agricultural crop, homes, and businesses in the Kelantan river basin, Peninsular Malaysia. In this investigation, Landsat-8 and phased array type L-band synthetic aperture radar-2 (PALSAR-2) datasets and analytical hierarchy process (AHP) approach were used to map landslide in Kelantan river basin, Peninsular Malaysia. Landslides were determined by tracking changes in vegetation pixel data using Landsat-8 images that acquired before and after flooding. The PALSAR-2 data were used for comprehensive analysis of major geological structures and detailed characterizations of lineaments in the state of Kelantan. AHP approach was used for landslide susceptibility mapping. Several factors such as slope, aspect, soil, lithology, normalized difference vegetation index, land cover, distance to drainage, precipitation, distance to fault, and distance to the road were extracted from remotely sensed data and fieldwork to apply AHP approach. The excessive rainfall during the flood episode is a paramount factor for numerous landslide occurrences at various magnitudes, therefore, rainfall analysis was carried out based on daily precipitation before and during flood episode in the Kelantan state. The main triggering factors for landslides are mainly due to the extreme precipitation rate during the flooding period, apart from the favorable environmental factors such as removal of vegetation within slope areas, and also landscape development near slopes. Two main outputs of this study were landslide inventory occurrences map during 2014 flooding episode and landslide susceptibility map for entire Kelantan state. Modeled/predicted landslides with a susceptible map generated prior and post-flood episode, confirmed that intense rainfall throughout Kelantan has contributed to produce numerous landslides with various sizes. It is concluded that precipitation is the most influential factor for landslide event. According to the landslide susceptibility map, 65% of the river basin of Kelantan is found to be under the category of low landslide susceptibility zone, while 35% class in a high-altitude segment of the south and south-western part of the Kelantan state located within high susceptibility zone. Further actions and caution need to be remarked by the local related authority of the Kelantan state in very high susceptibility zone to avoid further wealth and people loss in the future. Geo-hazard mitigation programs must be conducted in the landslide recurrence regions for reducing natural catastrophes leading to loss of financial investments and death in the Kelantan river basin. This investigation indicates that integration of Landsat-8 and PALSAR-2 remotely sensed data and GIS techniques is an applicable tool for Landslide mapping and assessment in tropical environments. 相似文献
16.
V. Krishna Prasad Yogesh Kant K. V. S. Badarinath 《Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing》1999,27(3):141-147
Studies related to forest fires are important in the context of trace gas emissions associated with such events. Much of the polar orbiting satellites due to their repetitive cycle have limitation in observing such events and in tropics due to cloud cover, the chance of getting cloud free image during day time becomes difficult. In order to explore the possibilities of using DMSP OLS night time data for monitoring such event, the present study has been under taken in Central Himalayan region of India where extensive fire event has been reported in May/June, 1995. The results of the study suggests the possibility of monitoring such events using DMSP OLS night time data. 相似文献
17.
Extreme localised rainfall events are part of monsoon system occurring every year. Satellite data (TRMM and other geostationary
satellites) together with ground observations will be useful in providing spatial and temporal variability of atmospheric
changes. The short and long term variability is required for better understanding of the local and regional climatic conditions
through detailed modelling. Such information will play a key role in real time data analysis and dissemination system to the
disaster management groups in the country to minimize losses due to these extreme rainfall events. 相似文献
18.
Changes in natural vegetation cover comprising the Kalahari rangeland were undertaken using Landsat MSS imagery over a period of above average rainfall (1972–1982) and a period of drought (1982–1986). This and ancillary data were collected to determine whether changes in the range were related primarily to rainfall events or to man‐induced effects. Data from different orbits were made compatible digitally. Dark area subtraction was a problem because deep shadow and water were lacking in the Kalahari landscape. Eleven land‐use/land cover classes were derived for the 1984 base year. Additional signatures had to be obtained for the later drought years because of extreme increases in brightness. Broadly the south‐eastern Kalahari was divided into an interior, relatively uninhabited homogeneous area and a more diverse area containing fossil valleys and pans. Changes in vegetation cover in the interior appeared to be more related to rainfall events than anthropogenic factors. Changes in the fossil valley vegetation cover appeared to be more related to rainfall events during the period of above average rainfall and more related to cattle and smallstock densities during the drought period. 相似文献
19.
针对降雨过程中大气可降水量(PWV)和气象参数(温度(T)、湿度(U)、露点温度(Td)、气压(P))特征变化情况,提出基于机器学习算法的短临降雨预报模型. 以北京(BJFS)站和武汉(WUH2)站2020年的3 h天顶对流层延迟(ZTD)和气象数据为例,构建随机森林(RF)、支持向量机(SVM)、K近邻(KNN)、朴素贝叶斯分类器(NBC) 4种算法的预报模型,并引入各自时刻的降雨情况作为新的特征向量,分别采用70%和80%训练集的分割方式,降雨情况作为模型输出,并利用准确性、精确率和假负率评价模型的适用性. 在取得准确性约0.92,精确率约80%,假负率约20%的结果下,进一步以时间序列年积日为第150—200天的数据为样本,对200—250天的降雨情况进行预报. 实验结果表明:基于机器学习的短临降雨预报模型可以预报未来3 h 80%以上的降雨情况,且假负率在20%以下,其中SVM模型的综合性能更优. 与传统的阈值模型相比,准确率相当,假负率降低约50%. 相似文献
20.
The “blooming desert”, or the explosive development and flowering of ephemeral herbaceous and some woody desert species during years with abnormally high accumulated rainfall, is a spectacular biological phenomenon of the hyper-arid Atacama Desert (northern Chile) attracting botanists, ecologists, geo-scientists, and the general public from all over the world. However, the number of “blooming deserts”, their geographical distribution and spatio-temporal patterns have not been quantitatively assessed to date. Here, we used NDVI data from the Global Inventory Modeling and Mapping Studies (GIMMS) project to reconstruct the annual land surface phenology (LSP) of the Atacama Desert using a non-parametric statistical approach. From the reconstructed LSP, we detected the “blooming deserts” as positive NDVI anomalies and assessed three dimensions of the events: their temporal extent, intensity of “greening” and spatial extent. We identified 13 “blooming deserts” between 1981 and 2015, of which three (1997–98, 2002–03, and 2011) can be considered major events according to these metrics. The main event occurred in 2011, spanning 180 days between July and December 2011, and spread over 11,136 km2 of Atacama dry plains. “Blooming deserts” in Atacama have been triggered by the accumulation of precipitation during a period of 2 to 12 months before and during the events. The proposed three-dimensional approach allowed us to characterize different types of “blooming deserts”: with longer episodes or larger spatial distribution or with different “greening” intensities. Its flexibility to reconstruct different LSP and detect anomalies makes this method a useful tool to study these rare phenomena in other deserts in the world also. 相似文献