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1.
大别造山带东部假玄武玻璃的显微构造特征及其意义   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  
最近,在大别造山带东部发现了广泛的地震成因假玄武玻璃,这些假玄武玻璃主要呈简单脉状沿NE-SW向走滑断裂带或剪切带发育,后者大多与郯庐断裂带平行并穿切了包括白垩纪花岗岩在内的地质体。某些假玄武玻璃内发育由暗色石英条纹构成的糜棱质条带。本文通过普通光学显微镜和扫描电镜观察分析,详细研究对比了不同断裂带内部发育的假玄武玻璃及其围岩在显微构造特征上的差异及联系。根据岩石的组构特征,证实所发现的这些假玄武玻璃主要是由母岩的超碎裂岩化形成的,但在点1发育的假玄武玻璃基质的扫描电镜影象特征上,沿某些残斑矿物(钾长石、斜长石、黄铁矿)的边缘可以看到些许代表摩擦熔融成因的熔蚀状港湾结构,说明假玄武玻璃形成过程中曾经发生了程度较低的局部熔融作用。肉眼所见到的糜棱质石英条纹在显微镜下证实为早期的糜棱面理。同时,岩石组构的叠加显示,含假玄武玻璃的断裂带及假玄武玻璃本身普遍具有多期性,且晚期构造产物(或假玄武玻璃)总是较早期产物(或假玄武玻璃)碎裂岩化作用更加强烈,说明先期存在的构造软化带在控制假玄武玻璃形成过程中起着非常重要的作用,即构造带抬升过程中伴随的多期构造及细粒化是形成假玄武玻璃的基础。岩石的变形序列总体上显示为韧性-韧脆性-脆性的演化过程,从而证实了这些假玄武玻璃总体上形成于造山带抬升过程,而不是早期的俯冲过程。  相似文献   

2.
前人对河台金矿中的假玄武玻璃早有报道,但是因为未认识到其与成矿的关系而被忽视。在前人发现的糜棱岩中假玄武玻璃的基础上,本次研究又发现了三种其他岩性中的假玄武玻璃。河台金矿中的假玄武玻璃呈黑色脉状、网脉状和树枝状贯穿于糜棱岩化片岩、糜棱岩、混合岩和矿体中。本研究结合野外宏观特征和室内的岩相学微观特征,运用粉晶X射线衍射、全岩地球化学和Ar-Ar同位素等实验分析手段,比较了河台金矿不同地质体中假玄武玻璃岩脉的特征。研究发现假玄武玻璃脉体中存在树枝状微晶结构和碎屑颗粒的港湾结构,同时也含有碎裂成因的石英、长石,表明其成因以同震断层的摩擦熔融为主,并伴随有少量碎裂化。通过计算得出假玄武玻璃样品中结晶态的各类矿物含量为石英53.3%、伊利石20.5%、高岭石17.3%、钾长石8.9%。假玄武玻璃与围岩都具有富SiO_2和Al_2O_3,富K_2O贫Na_2O,低MgO和Fe_2O_3~T的地球化学特征。两者的稀土元素配分型式也非常相似,都显示轻稀土富集和中等程度的负Eu异常(δEu=0.51～0.71)。假玄武玻璃的显微构造和地球化学特征指示其主要是由围岩原地熔融形成的,形成深度在6～18 km。我们认为河台金矿的假玄武玻璃可以指示云开大山抬升过程中伴随着地震的发生,同时,假玄武玻璃脉体在空间上切穿矿体,因此假玄武玻璃的40Ar/39Ar年龄123.3±1.0 Ma可以作为河台金矿的成矿年龄上限。  相似文献   

3.
The Mitsuishi ultramafic rock body in Hokkaido, Japan, consists mainly of serpentinized peridotites that originated from a depleted mantle. This study aims to show new evidence of small-scale mélange fabric of serpentinite matrix in the rock body. Each serpentinite block in the serpentine matrix shows large and stable intensities of natural remanent magnetization (NRM). However, the directions of serpentinite blocks' NRM in the matrix are randomly scattered. A Curie temperature (Tc) of 580 °C corresponding to pure magnetite was also observed. Additionally, there is no evidence of heating over 580 °C after serpentinization. The blocks in the matrix must have obtained crystallization remanent magnetization (CRM) during serpentinization. The directions of the blocks' characteristic remanent magnetization (ChRM) are also scattered. It shows that serpentinite blocks were magnetized prior to uplifting. The results of the study indicate that the magnetic carrier of the serpentinite blocks in the matrix is mainly composed of magnetite, and it can keep original magnetization before uplifting. The results also imply that the scattering directions of NRM indicate the presence of small-scale mélange fabric of serpentinite matrix.  相似文献   

4.
Pseudotachylite veins have been found in the mylonite zone of the Hidaka metamorphic belt, Hokkaido, northern Japan. They are associated with faults with WNW-ESE to ENE-WSW or NE-SW trends which make a conjugate set, cutting foliations of the host mylonitic rocks with high obliquity. The mylonitic rocks comprise greenschist facies to prehnite-pumpellyite facies mineral assemblages. The mode of occurrence of the pseudotachylite veins indicates that they were generated on surfaces of the faults and were intruded as injection veins along microfractures in the host rocks during brittle deformation in near-surface environments. An analysis of the deformational and metamorphic history of the Hidaka Main Zone suggests that the ambient rock temperature was 200–300° C immediately before the formation of the Hidaka pseudotachylite. Three textural types of veins are distinguished: cryptocrystalline, microcrystalline and glassy. The cryptocrystalline or glassy type often occupies the marginal zones of the microcrystalline-type veins. The microcrystalline type is largely made up of quench microlites of orthopyroxene, clinopyroxene, biotite, plagioclase and opaque minerals with small amounts of amphibole microlites. The interstices of these microlites are occupied by glassy and/or cryptocrystalline materials. The presence of microlites and glasses in the pseudotachylite veins suggests that the pseudotachylites are the products of rapid cooling of silicate melts at depths of less than 5 km. The bulk chemical composition of the pseudotachylite veins is characterized by low SiO2 and a high water content and is very close to that of the host mylonitic rocks. This indicates that the pseudotachylite was formed by virtual total melting of the host rocks with sufficient hydrous mineral phases. Local chemical variation in the glassy parts of the pseudotachylite veins may be due to either crystallization of quench microlites or the disequilibrium nature of melting of mineral fragments and incomplete mixing of the melts. Pyroxene microlites show a crystallization trend from hypersthene through pigeonite to subcalcic augite with unusually high Al contents. The presence of pigeonite and high-Al pyroxene microlites, of hornblende and biotite microlites and rare plagioclase microlites may indicate the high temperature and high water content of the melt which formed the pseudotachylite veins. The melt temperatures were estimated to be up to 1100° C using a two-pyroxene geothermometer. Using published data relating water solubilities in high-temperature andesitic magmas to pressure, a depth estimate of about 4 km is inferred for the Hidaka pseudotachylites. Evidence derived from pseudotachylites in the Hidaka metamorphic belt supports the conclusion that pseudotachylite is formed by frictional melting along fault surfaces at shallow depths from rocks containing hydrous minerals.  相似文献   

5.
最近,在大别造山带东部广泛发现了假玄武玻璃出露点,这些假玄武玻璃主要沿NE-SW向断裂带或剪切带发育。某些假玄武玻璃内发育糜棱质条带。本文主要讨论了大别造山带东部假玄武玻璃的显微构造、岩石化学及稀土元素地球化学等特征,在此基础上阐述了发育在该地区的假玄武玻璃的成因。   相似文献   

6.
Recent field survey in the eastern Dabieshan Mountains has revealed extensive occurrences of pseudotachylite. The pseudotachylite tends to occur as simple veins and injected networks along the NE-SW-trending fracture zones or shear zones, which are parallel to the Tanlu fault zone and cut all the pre-Cretaceous geological bodies. The characteristics of both the microstructures gained by the optical microscope and SEM imaging and the geochemistry between the pseudotachylites and their host rocks show that the pseudotachylites were formed mainly by ultracataclasis of their wall rocks in which they occur. The bulk K-Ar ages of the pseudotachylites yielded a narrow range of 81 -93 Ma, and moreover the laser-probe 40Ar/39Ar dating of phengite overprinting on the pseudotachylite gave a weighted mean age of 78.9 Ma. These results show that the pseudotachylites from the eastern Dabieshan Mountains formed along the NE-SW-trending fault zone during the uplifting of the orogenic belt at 80-90 Ma, which places impor  相似文献   

7.
Pseudotachylites occur in the form of thin glassy veins quenched from frictional melts along the fault planes of major earthquakes. They contain finely grained magnetite and often exhibit a high natural remanent magnetization (NRM). High NRM values imply strong local electric currents. These currents must persist for some time, while the pseudotachylite veins cool through the Curie temperature of magnetite around 580 °C. There is no generally accepted theory explaining how such powerful, persistent currents may be generated along the fault plane. Data presented here suggest the activation of electronic charge carriers, which are present in igneous rocks in a dormant, inactive form. These charge carriers can be “awakened” by the application of stress. They are electrons and defect electrons, also known as positive holes or p-holes for short. While p-holes are capable of spreading out of the stressed rock volume into adjacent p-type conductive unstressed rocks, electrons require a connection to the hot, n-type conductive lower crust. However, as long as the (downward) electron flow is not connected, the circuit is not closed. Hence, with the outflow of p-holes impeded, no current can be sustained. This situation is comparable to that of a charged battery where one pole remains unconnected. The friction melt that forms coseismically during rupture, provides a conductive path downward, which closes the circuit. This allows a current to flow along the fault plane. Extrapolating from laboratory data, every km3 of stressed igneous rocks adjacent to the fault plane can deliver 103–105 A. Hence, the current along the fault plane will not be limited by the number of charge carriers but more likely by the (electronic) conductivity of the cooling pseudotachylite vein. The sheet current will produce a magnetic field, whose vectors will lie in the fault plane and perpendicular to the flow direction.  相似文献   

8.
发育在新疆富蕴可可托海—二台断裂带中的假玄武玻璃是古地震断裂快速滑移形成的构造岩。地质产状、显微构造研究表明,这些假玄武玻璃主要由发生重结晶的玻璃质熔融体形成。假玄武玻璃基质的全岩40Ar/39Ar阶段升温方法主阶段和KAr年龄分别为282.8±3.8 Ma和276.4±7.4 Ma。假玄武玻璃所在母岩（黑云母花岗岩和钾长花岗岩）的锆石U-Pb年龄分别为390.4±1.0 Ma和396.3±0.1 Ma,表明二台断裂带中的假玄武玻璃是在二叠世早期形成的,也说明二台断裂带古地震活动至少可以追溯到晚古生代（早二叠世早期）。尽管二台断裂带是现今仍然活动的地震构造带,但目前所见到的假玄武玻璃是早二叠世时期古地震活动的产物。1931年的富蕴80级地震仅仅是沿着二台断裂带发生的多次构造活动的一次活动,与假玄武玻璃之间没有成因上的联系。  相似文献   

9.
The very fine-grained (1 m) polygonal microcrystalline texture occurring in the groundmass of pseudotachylite veins in the Harris meta-anorthosite and its variation with position are described and an origin by crystallization from a melt at very large undercooling suggested. The intrusive nature of the veins is shown by their geometry and internal structures. Clasts, which are almost always only plagioclase, are generally concentrated towards the centres of veins. Flow of tens of millimetres can account for this concentration in millimetre-thick veins as a result of the Bagnold effect. The veins are generally thin (5 m to 5 mm or more), are frequently zoned and always contain transparent granules of high relief (probably Al-rich pyroxene) and opaque granules of magnetite up to a few micrometres in size. The granules are either uniformly distributed in microcrystalline textures or concentrated locally giving cellular textures. In some veins, spherulitic or bow-tie textures occur. The coarsest textures are found in the centres of the thickest veins. The groundmass of the pseudotachylite is never completely isotropic but consists of a mosaic of transparent plagioclase crystals decreasing in size from the centres of thick veins to less than 1 m in thin veins or in the margins of thicker veins. This fine microcrystalline texture was studied by both scanning and transmission electron microscopy and consists of polyhedral crystals of regular size in the range 0.2–1.5 m, which show little sign of deformation. The local composition of the pseudotachylites varies little from the average compositions of the rocks in optically homogeneous veins, the variation being within the compositional space defined by the minerals of the host rock. This shows that homogenization of the pseudotachylite has occurred. In cellular veinsdifferentiation has occurred as the compositions of the cell centres lie outside those of the minerals of the host rock. This was produced by segregation of the granules, pyroxene being absent from the host rock. The plagioclase in the pseudotachylite is more disordered than that in the host rock. All the microtextures described are absent from the associated cataclasites and cannot be due to recrystallization of a fine-grained and intensely strained rock powder. The physical state on and after intrusion was that of a melt and injection was followed by crystallization. The melt was produced by more or less total fusion of the host rock minerals at shallow depth by heat produced during local faulting and perhaps during crack propagation. The fine microcrystalline texture very closely resembles that produced during hypercooling of molten metals and alloys. It thus possibly formed not by devitrification but from a melt at much greater degrees of undercooling than the spherulitic and bow-tie textures.  相似文献   

10.
假玻状岩研究的新进展   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
综述了假玻状岩研究的主要进展，假玻状岩形成的磨擦熔融机制与机械磨碎机制实际上不是过去所认为的是两种互相排斥的机制，而是在假玻状岩形成过程中两个密切相关的阶段，磨碎作用是熔融发生的必要的前提条件；假玻状岩不仅可以形成于脆性域（与碎裂岩相关），而且可以形成于脆韧性过渡区（与糜棱岩相关），形成的最大深度可达１８ｋｍ；假玻状岩是围岩中矿物选择性熔融的产物，矿物优先熔融的顺序（从易到难）为：层状硅酸盐、链状  相似文献   

11.
The age of pseudotachylite formation in the crustal-scale Cauvery Shear Zone system of the Precambrian Southern Granulite Terrain (South India) has been analyzed by laser-probe 40Ar–39Ar dating. Laser spot analyses from a pseudotachylite from the Salem–Attur shear zone have yielded ages ranging from 1214 to 904 Ma. Some evidence for the presence of excess Ar is indicated by the scatter of ages from this locality. The host gneiss preserves Palaeoproterozoic Rb–Sr whole rock–biotite ages (2350 ± 11 to 2241 ± 11 Ma). A mylonite in the Koorg shear, ca. 200 km to the north, yielded an age of 895 ± 17 Ma the consistency of the age distribution from spot analyses precludes the presence of significant excess Ar. Despite published evidence for the growth of high-grade minerals within some components of the Cauvery Shear Zone during the Pan-African event (700–550 Ma), the pseudotachylites in this study provide no evidence for Pan-African formation. Instead they document the first evidence for Mesoproterozoic tectonism in the Cauvery Shear Zone system, thus prompting a review of the correlation between the Cauvery Shear Zone system and the large-scale shear zones located elsewhere in eastern Gondwana.  相似文献   

12.
El Teniente porphyry copper deposit, the world’s greatest intrusion-related Cu–Mo ore body, is hosted within basaltic–andesitic volcanic and gabbroic rocks (mafic complex). This ore body is strongly affected by multiple events of alteration/mineralization with pervasive potassic and chloritic alteration and coetaneous with associated copper mineralization. We present paleomagnetic results obtained from oriented samples at four locations within the mine and from two drill cores, 200 and 400 m long, respectively. Samples are representative of all the main hydrothermally altered rock units, with emphasis on the mafic host rock and dacitic (Teniente dacite porphyry) and dioritic porphyry intrusions. Magnetic experiments [hysteresis loop, isothermal remanent magnetization (IRM), k–T curves, thermal, and alternating field demagnetization] show the presence of prevailing magnetite. Microscope and SEM observations show two families of magnetite, (a) large multidomain magnetite grains, associated with biotite and chlorite of various different hydrothermal alteration events, and (b) abundant small to medium grain-size magnetite (<10 μm) contained within plagioclase, either related to an early Na–Ca–Fe alteration or included within plagioclase during magmatic crystal growth. While the Teniente dacite porphyry and the quartz diorite–tonalite have low magnetic susceptibility (<0.0005 SI) and low natural remanent magnetization (NRM, 10−4–10−3 Am−1), the mineralized mafic host rocks have usually high susceptibility (>0.01 and up to 0.2 SI) with NRM in the range 0.1–2 Am−1. Most mafic complex rock samples have univectorial magnetizations during alternating field or thermal demagnetization. Within the mine, the magnetic polarity is spatially distributed. In the northern part of the deposit, the Teniente dacite porphyry, the associated hydrothermal breccias, and the hosting mafic complex record a reverse polarity magnetization, also observed in the El Teniente sub-6 mine sector immediately to the east and southeast. In the eastern part of the deposit, a normal polarity is observed for samples of the mafic complex from the two long drill cores. There is no evidence for superimposed magnetizations of opposite polarities in samples of the mafic complex. Anhysteretic remanent magnetization (ARM) in a DC field of 40 μT and NRM have similar magnitude and comparable behavior upon alternating field demagnetization. The well-defined strong remanent magnetizations associated with high unblocking temperatures (>500°C) indicate an acquisition of remanent magnetization during mineralization by circulating high temperature fluids related with ore deposition. Paleomagnetic results and the recorded polarity zonation suggest multiple mineralization events occurred at El Teniente, each one with its own evolution stages, superimposed within the district. These results indicate that a simplified broad four-stage model for El Teniente, as presented and overly employed by many authors, divided in (1) late magmatic, (2) main hydrothermal, (3) late hydrothermal, and (4) posthumous stage, does not recognize various short-lived single mineralization events, some superimposed and some distinctly separated in time and space. There is no paleomagnetic evidence for post-mineralization deformation  相似文献   

13.
This paper reports on the complex relation between rock emplacement and remanence acquisition in tuffs deposited by pyroclastic density currents, disclosed by systematic measurements of the anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility and natural remanent magnetization (NRM). Thermal demagnetization shows that the NRM consists of two components with different blocking-temperature spectra. The direction of the low-temperature component is consistent with the geocentric axial dipole value, whereas the high-temperature component has dispersed directions. The magnetic fabric is oblate, the magnetic foliation is close to the bedding and the lineations are generally dispersed along a girdle within the foliation plane. The directions of the magnetic lineation and the high-temperature remanence component of individual specimens are close to each other. This correspondence suggests that the high blocking-temperature grains acquired a remanence aligned to their long dimension before deposition, while cooling within the explosive cloud and the moving pyroclastic current. Thereafter, during deposition, the traction processes at the base of the current oriented the grains along the flow direction and affected both fabric and high-temperature remanence. This NRM component results from mechanical orientation of previously magnetized grains and is thus detrital in origin. A second, thermal component was then acquired during the cooling of the low blocking-temperature grains after deposition. These results show that NRM in fine-grained pyroclastic rocks is affected by the Earth’s magnetic field as well as the emplacement processes and that magnetic fabric data are essential to unravel its complex nature.  相似文献   

14.
Kui-Chitraseni Shear Zone of the Precambrian Aravalli Mountain, NW India is marked by a nearly 400 m-wide NE-SW trending belt of cataclasites developed on the granites and metasediments of the Delhi Supergroup. The cataclasites are criss crossed by pseudotachylite and fissure-veins. While the pseudotachylites are aphanitic to microlitic, the fissure veins are characterized by syntaxial-bitaxial as well as unitaxial growth of elongate quartz grains. Textural study of the fissure veins suggests crystallization of quartz grains in a dilational environment in hydrous condition. Contrarily the pseudotachylites bear the evidence of frictional melting of rocks under anhydrous conditions. Since in many instances it is observed that the fissure veins have replaced the pseudotachylites following the crack seal mechanism, the formation of fissure veins is considered to be latekinematic to pseudotachylites. Hence it is interpreted that the pseudotachylites and fissure veins were formed in two distinct tectonic events. While pseudotachylites were formed in a compressional setting resulted from thrusting along the shear zone, the fissure veins have been formed in an extensional setting during a late stage normal faulting. In light of this tectonic rejuvenation along the Kui-Chitraseni Shear Zone, various lineaments present within the Aravalli Mountains need further study for understanding the evolution of the region.  相似文献   

15.
A detailed paleomagnetic and rock-magnetic investigation spanning loess L7 to paleosol S8 has been carried out at the Baoji and Xifeng sections. Results of anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility confirm that the studied loess–paleosol sediments retain primary sedimentary fabrics. Stepwise thermal demagnetization shows that two well-defined magnetization components can be isolated from both loess and paleosol specimens. A low-temperature component, isolated between 100°C and 200°C, is consistent with the present geomagnetic field direction, and a high-temperature component, isolated between 200–300°C and 620–680°C, includes clearly normal and reversed polarities. Isothermal remanent magnetization and thermomagnetic analyses indicate that characteristic remanent magnetization is mainly carried by magnetite and hematite. The Day plot, together with the stratigraphic variations of rock-magnetic parameters, shows that the uniformity of magnetic mineralogy and grain size fulfills the criteria for relative paleointensity (RPI) studies. RPI records have been constructed using natural remanent magnetization (NRM) intensity after thermal demagnetization at 300°C normalized by low-frequency magnetic susceptibility (NRM300/χ). The results show that the RPI record from the Baoji section, where pedogenesis is quite weak, is compatible with the stacked PISO-1500 paleointensity record, suggesting that it might reflect the paleointensity variation of the geomagnetic field. The RPI record from the Xifeng section, where pedogenesis is rather strong, indicates a clear dissimilarity with the stacked PISO-1500 paleointensity record, implying that it does not reflect the paleointensity variation of the geomagnetic field. Our new results show that the NRM300/χ from the strongly pedogenetic paleosols does not completely eliminate the pedogenetic (climatic) influence, so it might be unsuitable for a reliable paleointensity study.  相似文献   

16.
通过对中国大陆科学钻探工程主孔花岗质片麻岩进行详细的岩石磁学研究及岩石矿物学分析表明: 花岗质片麻岩磁化率(0.570×10-7~120.450×10-7m3·kg-1, 平均29.996×10-7m3·kg-1)在主孔所有岩石中仅次于蛇纹石化石榴石橄榄岩, 而其天然剩余磁化强度(0.002×10-3~2.109×10-3Am2·kg-1, 平均0.210×10-3Am2·kg-1)则是所有岩性中最低的.磁化率随温度变化曲线、交变退磁曲线及磁滞回线特征表明, 花岗质片麻岩中磁性矿物组合主要成分为磁铁矿, 小部分样品中含有赤铁矿, 其中磁铁矿以多畴为主, 伪单畴磁铁矿仅在少量样品中出现.和同为完全退变质岩的角闪岩(完全退变质榴辉岩)相比, 花岗质片麻岩具有相似的磁性矿物组合, 但其磁铁矿的颗粒明显较大.多畴磁铁矿的形成, 可能和超高压变质岩折返过程中, 花岗质片麻岩较强的流体活动相关.部分分布于花岗质片麻岩主体岩性段外的样品, 具有较高的天然剩余磁化强度, 则可能反映了花岗质片麻岩及周围榴辉岩之间的流体交换.   相似文献   

17.
Surfaces of meter-sized blocks in the 1998 block-and-ash flow deposits of Merapi volcano are partially covered by centimeter-sized, randomly orientated impact marks, which consist of an outer, glassy pseudotachylite underlain by a cataclastic layer. Whole rock, pseudotachylite, melt inclusion in plagioclase and host rock groundmass compositions indicate that the pseudotachylite was generated by remelting of bulk rock on block impact. The occurrence and distribution of this new type of collision-related pseudotachylite on volcanic block surfaces demonstrate that blocks were transported by chaotic rotation, saltation and tumbling. The random orientation of impact marks suggests grain flow as the dominant process rather than any other currently discussed pyroclastic flow mechanism. In addition, the chaotic orientation of striations is interpreted as reflecting momentum transfer having been dominated by short-lived intergranular collisions. The blocks have apparently been transported in the collisional regime of grain flow.  相似文献   

18.
Remanent magnetization (RM) of rocks with hematite–ilmenite solid solution (HISS) minerals, at all crustal levels, may be an important contribution to magnetic anomalies measured by ground and satellite altitude surveys. The possibility that lower thermal gradient relatively deep in the crust can result in exsolution of HISS compositions with strong remanent magnetizations (RM) was studied for two bulk compositions within the HISS system. Samples from granulite-terrane around Wilson Lake, Labrador, Canada contains titanohematite with exsolved ferrian ilmenite lamellae. Other samples from the anorthosite-terrane of Allard Lake, Quebec, Canada contain ferrian ilmenite with exsolved titanohematite lamellae. In both cases, the final exsolved titanohematite has similar Ti content and carries dominant magnetic remanence with REM (=NRM/SIRM, where NRM is the natural remanent magnetization and SIRM is the saturation isothermal remanent magnetization) that is comparable to the Ti-free end member. The RM was acquired prior to exsolution and the ilmeno-hematite-rich rock possesses thermal remanent magnetization (TRM), whereas rocks with hemo-ilmenite possess chemical remanent magnetization (CRM). In both cases, we found fairly large homogeneous grains with low demagnetizing energy that acquired intense RM. The magnetism of the ilmeno-hematite solid solution phases is not significantly perturbed by the continuous reaction: ilmeno-hematitetitanohematite solid solution. Hence, the occurrence of HISS in rocks that cooled slowly in a low intensity magnetic field will have an intense magnetic signature characterized by a large REM.  相似文献   

19.
The origin of chemical and mineralogical heterogeneity in tens-of-microns wide layers and domains in enderbite-hosted couple-of-centimeters wide pseudotachylite vein is examined based on the results of BSE and X-ray element imaging, and electron probe microanalyses of major elements of host-rock minerals, clasts, microphenocrysts, and pseudotachylite matrix. The pseudotachylite layers and domains containing variable proportions of orthopyroxene and magnetite microphenocrysts continue as mantles around quartz, K-feldspar, plagioclase and garnet clasts. The clasts are chemically modified along margins and intra-clast pseudotachylite injections. The chemical modifications are extensive in smaller clasts <5 μm diameter. At least three chemically distinct layers and domains in the pseudotachylite, and their fine-grained matrices, plot in sharply defined, well-segregated and non-overlapping fields in FeO + MgO−Al2O3–SiO2, FeO–CaO–MgO and CaO–Na2O–K2O and FeO vs. FeO/FeO + MgO diagrams. The compositions of the layers and domains—smeared between a feldspar + quartz component and a ferromagnesian component of garnet + Fe–Ti oxides (±orthopyroxene)—possibly correspond to fractionated quenched melts, or admixtures of microphenocrysts that cannot be resolved by the microbeam techniques employed. The compositional variations are incompatible with deformation-driven crystal fractionation in melt. Instead the layers and domains possibly are crystal-melt mushes produced by syn-deformation ultra-high temperature (1,250–1,375°C) melting reactions involving variable proportions of host-rock minerals determined by time-transient local phase aggregates experiencing strain. The similar element variation trends in pseudotachylite examined here and those reported from anorthosite, metapelite and charnockite elsewhere suggests local phase aggregate controlled multi-reaction melting is a phenomenon commoner than hitherto realized in pseudotachylites.  相似文献   

20.
The different effects of cooling and alteration on magnetic properties, in single thick flows from subaerial and submarine eruptions, cored and logged during Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Leg 183 at Sites 1137 and 1140 (Kerguelen Plateau) are examined. Downhole logging data from both sites is supplemented by petrology and geochemistry of 32 samples from three subaerial lava flows at Site 1137 and two flows units at Site 1140, covering transects from fresh to highly altered basalts.Changes in magnetic properties have previously been observed in several ODP drill holes, which penetrate basaltic basement. In subaerial basalts, a typical trend is that of high magnetic susceptibility and natural remanent magnetization (NRM) values in the altered flow top, and lower values in the less-altered massive flow interior. In contrast, submarine lava flows display the opposite behavior in their magnetic properties. Altered pillow rims have lower susceptibility and NRM values than the fresh pillow interiors. It is concluded that rate of cooling and degree of alteration are the main factors influencing the magnetization and, hence, the distribution of iron oxides. The effects of low-temperature alteration are most noticeable in the distribution of more mobile elements, such as K. Consequently, the spectral gamma ray (SGR) log, which in basaltic basement is largely controlled by K concentration, is an excellent proxy to the downhole identification of alteration. The strong positive correlation observed for the subaerial basalts between the downhole total magnetic field (Ftot) and SGR, suggest a potential link with alteration in the drilled sections. The alteration of the submarine basalts is not as pronounced and therefore no correlation is evident.  相似文献   

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