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1.
云南临沧晚中新世梣属翅果化石及其古植物地理学意义 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
梣属植物是北半球古近纪和新近纪化石记录中最具代表性的种属之一。对采自云南临沧晚中新世的一种梣属翅果化石Fraxinus cf.honshuensis进行了鉴定和描述,并通过梣属12个翅果化石种和9个现生种的形态特征的研究,分析了该属翅果形态从始新世直至现代的演化趋势及风力传播作用对翅果形态的影响。结果表明:该属翅果在晚渐新世至中中新世时翅果的风力传播能力最强,传播距离最远,并且与化石记录具有较好的对应性。地史分布表明,该属植物最初可能通过白令陆桥和北大西洋陆桥由高纬度地区向低纬度地区迁徙,最终传播到亚热带和热带区域。 相似文献
2.
福建永安坂头组植物及古气候分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
分析了福建永安盆地早白垩世坂头植物群的组成特征。共计报道该植物群化石24属52种左右,包括未定种以及存疑种21个。植物群的组成以具鳞片状叶的松柏类化石为主,苏铁类化石次之,并以本内苏铁目占绝对优势,然后是真蕨类化石,以小羽片小而质厚为特征,银杏化石及其少见,未发现被子植物。坂头组植物的组成面貌与欧洲Wealden植物群、日本外带领石植物群,以及我国南方植物区,如浙江、山东等地的早白垩世植物群比较一致,说明坂头组含化石层位年龄为早白垩世早期。坂头组大多数植物主要分布于热带或亚热带地区,具有耐干旱炎热的特点,反映了较干旱而炎热的气候特征。除此之外,还发现少量适宜生活在温凉潮湿气候环境下的植物。根据这些对气候具有指示意义的代表分子在坂头组中的数量以及分布情况,推断永安盆地早白垩世早期气候总体上比较干旱炎热,且伴随有不同程度季节性的潮湿。 相似文献
3.
简要报道黑龙江伊春下白垩统裸子植物木化石组合,包括4科8属：柏科柏型木属Cupressinoxylon、落羽杉型木属Taxodioxylon,罗汉松科?叶枝杉型木属Phyllocladoxylon,松科雪松型木属Cedroxylon、油杉型木属Keteleerioxylon、云杉型木属Piceoxylon,红豆杉科红豆杉型木属Taxaceoxylon和异木属Xenoxylon。其中,松科木化石多样性最高,占据绝对优势。叶枝杉型木属、红豆杉型木属首次在黑龙江地区发现。当前木化石组合是东亚地区发现的类群最为丰富的白垩纪木化石组合之一,丰富了我国白垩纪裸子植物化石记录。木化石记录表明东北地区是早白垩世裸子植物多样性中心和分布中心之一。伊春木化石中非正常生长轮和创伤树脂道的出现反映了短时气候波动、自然灾害或者森林生态系统中植物与伴生生物间相互作用现象。该化石组合的进一步深入研究将为认识东亚现代裸子植物演化发展历史及其古环境、古气候背景提供重要依据。 相似文献
4.
对河北省围场地区广发永剖面藓类植物薄网藓Leptodictyum riparium、似叶镰刀藓Drepanocladus trichophyllus和多姿柳叶藓Amblystegium varium的古地理及其对应的现代植物地理分布研究显示,这些植物最早出现于早中新世的围场地区,可能起源于该时期的古北大陆,东亚为起源中心。之后向东通过白令陆桥扩散到北美,向西沿欧亚大陆扩散至欧洲西部,至全新世时主要分布在北半球。全新世后,薄网藓与多姿柳叶藓进一步向南扩散,分别由北美及亚洲东部扩散到南美洲及澳大利亚地区,逐步形成现在的分布格局;毛叶镰刀藓则在更新世就已形成与现代相近的分布格局。该研究确立了3种藓类植物的地理起源、地史分布及迁移路线。 相似文献
5.
植物化石记录了丰富的古气候和古环境信息,为研究地史时期气候变迁、古环境重建提供了依据。2018年在甘肃白银宝积山盆地中侏罗统窑街组采集到了屈囊蕨属植物叶片化石。通过对当前标本的宏观形态学特征研究,将其归于山西屈囊蕨（Gonatosorus shansiensis）。屈囊蕨属在中国发现的化石记录较少,该属化石在甘肃宝积山盆地为首次发现。现生蚌壳蕨科植物生长在温暖潮湿的环境中,推测甘肃宝积山盆在中侏罗世为温暖潮湿的环境。屈囊蕨属植物在中侏罗世的分布区为华北地区和西北地区中部,到早白垩世逐渐转移到东北地区,反应出逐渐向北推进的演化趋势。 相似文献
6.
中华弓鳍鱼科(Sinamiidae)是全骨鱼类弓鳍鱼目中已经绝灭的一个支系,目前只在亚洲东部的早白垩世陆相沉积中有发现,是热河生物群的重要成员。该科现有3属8种,分布范围最北可达中国东北最北部,最南至东南亚的泰国,向西可至甘肃省的酒泉盆地,向东可及日本中部。其中中华弓鳍鱼属Sinamia是热河脊椎动物群属级分类单元中地理分布最广阔的。中华弓鳍鱼科在多个地方性鱼群中也都有出现,这些鱼群分别为:中国华北、东北及西北部分地区的Lycoptera-Peipiaosteus鱼群(包括酒泉盆地的Jiuquanichthy鱼群),中国华南、日本、朝鲜的Mesoclupea-Paraclupea鱼群(包括日本的石?白鱼群、胁野鱼群和韩国的洛东鱼群),以及泰国东部的早白垩世鱼群。中华弓鳍鱼科的分布特征是早白垩世东亚地区自成一个古生物地理区系的证据之一,化石已知时代延限为早白垩世Barremian-Albian期,在Aptian期达到最大分布范围。广泛的分布、集中的时代延限、鲜明的鉴定特征使得此类化石非常有助于提高地层对比的精度,或者提供很好的验证。 相似文献
7.
内蒙古平庄煤田是我国东北部主要含煤盆地之一,盆地内植物化石丰富,本文报道了平庄盆地含煤地层的植物化石25属38种,对其性质、特征及分布进行了讨论,对平庄植物群的苏铁类、银杏类和松柏类做了角质层研究。该植物群主要由真蕨类、苏铁类、茨康叶类、银杏类和松柏类组成,即没有侏罗纪古老残存分子,也没有出现被子植物,以松柏类、银杏类最为丰富,而苏铁类、本内苏铁类极度贫乏。该植物群与中国东北早白垩世含煤沉积及相关地层中的植物组合可比较,与西伯利亚、北美、日本早白垩世植物群亦十分接近。根据植物群的性质和特征及结合相关地层中的植物群进行了对比,认为平庄含煤盆地植物群的时代为早白垩世早期,当时该区可能地处北半球的暖温带,该项研究对恢复该区的古地理,古气候,古环境及成煤规律提供了可靠的有关古生物学依据。 相似文献
8.
中国吉林大拉子组的时代探讨 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
大拉子组是我国东北地区早白垩世的典型层位,但该组的具体地质年代一直存在不同的看法。根据最近发现的植物化石材料,通过对大拉子组被子植物优势属的地质分布以及与国内外被子植物群的对比研究,发现大拉子组与北美Potomac带B中部的被子植物群较为相似,结合孢粉、昆虫、叶肢介、介形虫及鱼化石等其他生物化石证据,认为吉林大拉子组的地质时代很可能为阿尔必中期或晚期。 相似文献
9.
对恐龙化石及其地理分布的研究表明,中生代晚期(距今1亿—6450万年之间),亚洲古陆与北美大陆曾经联在一起。这两个大陆恐龙化石间具有的许多相似性表明,当时分别生存于亚洲、北美的恐龙动物群之间曾有过交往,交往的路线和通道的时限正是复原古陆面貌至关重要的证据。关于这一通道,不同学科的科学家曾提出过很多模式和设想。传统的观念认为,白令陆桥是一条最畅通的路线。由于近年米在北极圈内采得恐龙化石,某些古地理学家则推测,由北欧斯堪的那维亚半岛经过斯匹次卑尔根群岛渡到北极进入北美大陆也许是恐龙穿越的一条最近 相似文献
10.
燕辽地区晚中生代动物君及其古生态和古地理意义 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
燕辽地区的中侏罗-早白垩世地层中共有3个动物群贯穿始终，即燕辽动物群、热河动物群、阜新动物群，分别分布于中侏罗世、晚侏罗世及早白垩世，构成多门类化石群的组合序列.根据以昆虫为主的动物群组合序列研究，可以推测中侏罗世燕辽地区处于温带气候条件下，森林沼泽发育，分布广，但水面规模不大，水体不深，地形起伏差异较小，而晚侏罗世相似，陆地植被茂盛，森林极为广布.到早白垩世尼欧克姆期，动物群的种类相对较贫乏，以陆生昆虫为主，出现的昆虫大多为典型亚热带昆虫，说明该地气候仍偏热，但湖泊显著减少，已逐渐向干燥的气候过渡。从昆虫类及其他一些化石的古地理分布特征分析，可以作出如下推断，即：劳亚大陆或欧亚大陆与北美、非洲等大陆分离的最后时限不会早于中侏罗世，以后随着泛大陆解体，昆虫中一些类群（如蚊歇蛉科等）的早期代表扩散到其他大陆，最终现成现今的分布格局。在这一过程中，第三纪白令陆桥虽有一定作用，但并不是主要和唯一的途径。 相似文献
11.
DAO Kequn CHEN Junlin JIN Peihong DONG Chong YANG Yi XU Xiaohui WU Jingyu XIE Sanping LIN Zhicheng SUN Bainian 《《地质学报》英文版》2013,87(3):690-706
Lindera is a large genus of graceful, pleasantly scented and common native trees and shrubs of southern China and neighboring regions of SE Asia. There is a well-documented Cenozoic fossil record not only in these regions but also from elsewhere. A new fossil leaf record has been found in diatomite beds from the Upper Pliocene Mangbang Formation of Tuantian, Tengchong County, Yunnan. The leaves are identified and assigned to Lindera acuminatissima K. Q. Dao et B. N. Sun sp. nov., by comparing their leaf architecture and epidermal characteristics with those of 51 extant Lauraceae species and with 15 known fossil Lindera taxa. The specimens have well-preserved cuticles, with typical leaf architecture and epidermal characteristics of the Lauraceae, including entire leaf margin, intramarginal veins, basal ternate acrodromous primary veins, one-cell trichome base, paracytic stomatal apparatus, sunken guard cells, subsidiary hardly staining cells and presence of oil cells. These characteristics are consistent with Lindera sect. Daphnidium but are different from reported fossil and extant species of Lindera. The cuticles of Lindera are fragile and delicate with only three Lindera fossils reported based on this tissue. In terms of paleobiogeography, the fossil record indicates that Lindera is distributed in high- to mid-latitude regions of the Late Cretaceous to Paleocene northern hemisphere. Coincidentally, the records of Lindera located on both sides of the Bering Land Bridge possibly support the hypothesis that ancient plants extended via transcontinental exchanges through the Bering Corridor. In the Eocene, ancient Lindera spread to Europe through the Northern Degeer Route and the Southern Thulian Route. At the same time, ancient Lindera spread into Central Asia. Climatic changes and tectonization since the Neogene prevented the propagation of Lindera throughout Asia, North America and Europe, and hence the distribution areas have just regressed to the low-latitude regions in Asia and North America. From the Paleogene to the Neogene, Lindera has changed its distribution by surviving extreme climate changes. Quaternary glaciations ultimately led to Lindera becoming extinct in Europe. The new record from Tengchong, Yunnan, with its lower latitude located in tropical and subtropical regions, indicates that Lindera has lived in those regions since the late Pliocene. 相似文献
12.
A Review on the Taxonomic, Evolutionary and Phytogeographic Studies of the Lotus Plant (Nelumbonaceae: Nelumbo) 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Nelumbo Adans. （Nelumbonaceae） is an important member of the early-diverging eudicots. It contains two extant species： N. nucifera Gaertn. （the Sacred lotus）, distributed in Asia and Australia and N. lutea Willd. （the American lotus）, occurring in North America. This paper reviews the taxonomic, evolutionary and phytogeographic studies of the genus Nelumbo, and also raises scientific questions about it in further paleobotanic research. There are about 30 fossil species of Nelumbo established since the Early Cretaceous. Based on fossil studies, the ancestors of the extant N. nucifera and N. lutea are respectively considered to be N. protospeciosa from the Eocene to Miocene of Eurasia, and N. protolutea from the Eocene of North American. However, molecular systematic studies indicate that N. nucifera and N. lutea are probably split from a common ancestor during the Late Miocene to Early Pliocene, or even the Pleistocene, rather than separate relicts from extinct species on different continents. The characters of lotus stomatal development, seedling morphology as well as its flowering, pollination and fertilization in air reveal that it evolves from the land plants. Fossil data of Nelumbo indicates that the genus first occurs in mid-latitude area of Laurasia in the Early Cretaceous, then becomes widespread in North America and Eurasia and expands into Africa and South America during the Late Cretaceous; the genus probably colonizes the Indian Subcontinent from Asia during the Early Eocene after the collision of India and the Asian plates; the genus becomes extinct in Europe, but survives in Asia and North America during the Quaternary Ice Age, and later forms the present East Asia and North Australia-North America disjunctive distribution. 相似文献
13.
J.-C. Rage 《Cretaceous Research》1981,2(1):65-84
Terrestrial vertebrates offer possibilities of reconstructing the migrations by land-routes followed during the late Cretaceous on the peri-Atlantic continents (North America, South America, Europe, Africa). South America and Africa were not separated before the Aptian. Later, migrations could still have occurred between Africa and South America during the late Cretaceous by a land-route (probably discontinuous) situated on the Rio Grande Rise-Walvis Ridge barrier; it is not impossible that some amphibia used this route. In Laurasia, two provinces were largely separated during the early part of the late Cretaceous: Euramerica and Asiamerica in the terminology of Cox (1974), (that is, Europe plus eastern North America and Asia plus western North America). During the latest Cretaceous, western North America became connected with Euramerica, but probably separated from Asia. During the latest Cretaceous, a route, probably terrestrial, permitted important faunal exchanges between South America and Laurasia; this connection was situated in the Caribbean region, perhaps where Central America is today. Limited faunal exchange occurred between Euramerica and North Africa. 相似文献
14.
Tyrannosaurs and hadrosaurs from the Late Cretaceous of eastern North America (Appalachia) are distinct from those found in western North America (Laramidia), suggesting that eastern North America was isolated during the Late Cretaceous. However, the Late Cretaceous fauna of Appalachia remains poorly known. Here, a partial maxilla from the Campanian Tar Heel Formation (Black Creek Group) of North Carolina is shown to represent the first ceratopsian from the Late Cretaceous of eastern North America. The specimen has short alveolar slots, a ventrally projected toothrow, a long dentigerous process overlapped by the ectopterygoid, and a toothrow that curves laterally, a combination of characters unique to the Leptoceratopsidae. The maxilla has a uniquely long, slender and downcurved posterior dentigerous process, suggesting a specialized feeding strategy. The presence of a highly specialized ceratopsian in eastern North America supports the hypothesis that Appalachia underwent an extended period of isolation during the Late Cretaceous, leading the evolution of a distinct dinosaur fauna dominated by basal tyrannosauroids, basal hadrosaurs, ornithimimosaurs, nodosaurs, and leptoceratopsids. Appalachian vertebrate communities are most similar to those of Laramidia. However some taxa-including leptoceratopsids-are also shared with western Europe, raising the possibility of a Late Cretaceous dispersal route connecting Appalachia and Europe. 相似文献
15.
白垩纪四足动物足印的生物地层学、生物年代学与遗迹相 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
从全球范围来看,白垩纪四足动物的足印多数是非鸟恐龙与鸟类留下的痕迹;少量足印来自翼龙、鳄鱼、龟、哺乳动物和其他四足动物。白垩纪的足迹化石以东亚(尤其是中国和朝鲜)和北美西部的最为人所知。南美(主要是阿根廷和巴西)也有一定数量广泛分布的足迹化石,欧洲、非洲与澳大利亚的白垩纪足迹组合则鲜为人知。以白垩纪四足动物的足印记录为基础,我们对两个全球足印生物年代重新进行了检查。早白垩世生物年代以蜥脚类与鸟脚类的足迹为特征。晚白垩世生物年代中的蜥脚类足迹较少,但是鸭嘴龙、暴龙和角龙的足迹增多了。另外,白垩纪足印化石的记录中记载了许多重要的生物地层学信息,如北美白垩纪中期蜥脚类恐龙的消失,以及白垩纪末恐龙的绝灭。越来越多来自东亚的白垩纪足印记录使我们对更精细的地方性白垩纪足印生物年代学有了初步印象。因此,以地方性四足恐龙(包括鸟类)遗迹属的地层分布为基础,可以识别出三个或四个足印生物年代。种类丰富并具有地方性特色的东亚的白垩纪鸟类动物的遗迹群,可能指示白垩纪时东亚存在着一个独特而繁盛的鸟类动物群。以足印化石为基础的这一假说有待进一步的验证。 相似文献
16.
中、新生代太平洋陆缘带的构造格局和构造转换 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
亚洲东部大陆边缘和北美西部大陆边缘同处于环太平洋构造带，但具有不同的构造属性。从晚白垩世到新生代，前者以构造扩张为背景，由此引起陆缘裂解，陆块漂移以及岛弧、边缘海的形成；后者以构造收缩为基础，导致陆缘增生、陆块拼贴和陆缘造山带的出现。然而，从晚侏罗世到早白垩世，亚洲东部是以构造封闭型的陆缘带为特点，北美西部则主要表现为开放型的陆缘带。构造扩张和构造收缩是环太平洋陆缘带构造环境的两种基本型式，它们在空间上呈有规律的对峙分布，在时间上成有节奏的交替转换。 相似文献
17.
18.
19世纪中叶到20世纪中叶盛行的地槽-地台学说,起源于西方学者对大西洋半球的欧洲和北美东部地质的研究。20世纪中叶提出的板块构造学说,虽然起源于对现代海洋的地质、地球物理调查,但用板块学说解释大陆构造的尝试,也是从解剖北美和欧洲大西洋两岸的古生代造山带开始的。二者均缺少太平洋半球的亚洲,特别是中国及邻区的资料基础,因此,其立论基础是不全面的。这就给亚洲,特别是给中国学者提供了很大的发展空间。通过1∶500万国际亚洲地质图的编制和全球构造的对比研究,笔者发现,处于亚洲核心地带的中国及邻区不仅是亚洲也是全球显生宙地质结构和发展历史最复杂的地区。古亚洲洋构造域的乌拉尔—蒙古—兴安巨型造山带是全球规模最大、发育历史最长、地质结构最复杂的古生代造山带;中国西南部,特别是青藏高原是全球特提斯巨型造山带出露宽度最大、地质纪录保存最完整的地段;中国东部的太平洋构造域,既有亚洲东缘的巨型中生代造山带和新生代的沟弧盆体系,又有宽阔的滨太平洋陆缘活化带。这就使中国及邻区成为研究全球显生宙构造不可缺少的重要地段。我们一定要抓住中国在全球构造研究中的区位优势,以地球系统多层圈构造观为指导,用地质、地球物理、地球化学多学科结合的方法,立足实际,抓住特色,构建中国大地构造的新理论、新模型,为国际地球科学,为发展、完善现代大地构造学理论做出应有的贡献! 相似文献
19.
Ornithuromorph birds (the clade which includes modern avian radiation) first appeared in the Early Cretaceous in Asia and achieved a great diversity during the latest ages of the Late Cretaceous (Campanian and Maastrichtian). The evolutionary history of orithuromorphs during the first 17 MYAs of the Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian to Santonian ages) remains very poorly known, as the fossil record for this time interval is largely restricted to several isolated finds of the classic avian genus Ichthyornis in North America. Here we describe an isolated distal tibiotarsus of an evolutionary advanced bird, morphologically similar to Ichthyornis, from the middle Cenomanian of Saratov Province, European Russia. This is the first documentation of an Ichthyornis-like bird in the Old World. The find further constitutes only the second pre-Campanian record of the Late Cretaceous Ornithuromorpha in Eurasia, the second record of Cenomanian birds in Russia. This discovery shows that Ichthyornis-like birds enjoyed a wide geographical distribution as early as the beginning of the Late Cretaceous. Given that the earliest and the most primitive ornithuromorph birds are known from Asia, the new find supports a Eurasian origin for Ichthyornithidae. 相似文献
20.
Eric Buffetaut 《地学学报》1989,1(1):69-74
The Late Cretaceous (mainly Campanian and Maastrichtian) non-marine vertebrate faunas of Europe contain archosaurian reptiles which belong to groups otherwise known mainly or only from the southern ('Gondwanan') continents. They include titanosaurid sauropods, abelisaurid theropods, and trematochampsid crocodilians. The occurrence of these forms together with others of 'Asiamerican' affinities gives the Late Cretaceous vertebrate faunas of Europe a peculiar composition, which makes them clearly different from the well-known faunas from western North America and Central Asia. The Gondwanan dinosaurs and crocodilians from Europe provide evidence of faunal interchange across the Tethys Sea during the Cretaceous, possibly via the Alboran plate, or the Apulian plate, which may have functioned as 'stepping-stones', especially during periods of low sea level. 相似文献