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在测绘工作中,由于项目不同,测绘数据存在的坐标系统、数据格式等的不统一,给数据共享带来很大不便。本系统实现了从AutoCAD DWG到ArcGIS Shapefile数据文件的快捷无损转换,以及几种常见图形数据文件格式的互相转换及坐标系统的转换,具有较好的现实意义与广泛的应用前景。 相似文献
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采用面向对象的方法，针对两种数据不同的组织形式，提出了一种较为实用的实现两者之间相互转换的方法。它包括MapInfo格式数据到标准格式数据的转换、标准格式数据到MapInfo格式数据的转换两个模块，在图形数据转换的基础上，做到了图形数据与相应属性数据的匹配。 相似文献
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采用面向对象的方法,针对两种数据不同的组织形式,提出了一种较为实用的实现两者之间相互转换的方法.它包括MapInfo格式数据到标准格式数据的转换、标准格式数据到MapInfo格式数据的转换两个模块,在图形数据转换的基础上,做到了图形数据与相应属性数据的匹配. 相似文献
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本文简述控制测量数据的自动处理，阐述程序软件包系统的建立，及其特点，采用统一格式的数据文件，将多种测量计算内容有机地联接起来，很大程度地实现多计算项目之间数据自动转移。系统功能不断补充，扩大，逐步齐全、完善、提高工作效率和可靠性。细述程序软件包系统中导线控制测量数据的自动处理程序的编排和应用技巧。 相似文献
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碎部测量常见错误内业处理方法初探 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在利用全站仪进行野外数据采集过程中,往往会出现设站、定向、仪器高、棱镜高数据输入等错误。为此采用C#语言和WPF技术研制针对全站仪原始格式数据文件可视化编辑软件,实现利用卫星影像对测量成果进行错误检查、可视化编辑修改、IDX格式至DAT格式的转化等功能。该软件已经为赣州市某生产单位所使用并取得较好的效果。 相似文献
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对徕卡DNA03电子水准仪线路测量模式及GSI-8数据存储格式进行了研究,基于Visual C++6.0平台MFC对话框,编写GSI-8数据格式向Excel电子表格水准记录簿格式的转换软件,实现DNA系列电子水准仪内置的5种线路测量模式GSI-8数据自动向满足国家水准测量规范的Excel电子手簿记录格式转换,测站各项限差指标自动检核并定位,水准测量等级满足从一等到四等以及等外水准的要求,相同等级和同一类型的线路数据文件实现批量格式转换。 相似文献
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当前测绘行业很多都是基于DWG地形图数据的数据库建设,生产中一个关键的环节就是DWG到SHP格式的无损转换,尤其是属性的转换。目前,没有现成的软件能一步到位地实现转换,通过对DWG和SHP格式数据结构的研究,采用VC＋＋2005和ObjectARX SDK开发环境,在AutoCAD平台上二次开发,图形数据按点、线、面转换,属性数据分扩展数据、扩展记录、对象数据、对象特性转换,完成了DWG到SHP的格式转换,同时满足图形和属性的要求,操作简单快捷,在实际生产中取得较好的应用效果。 相似文献
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《The Cartographic journal》2013,50(2):208-212
AbstractTerrain data obtained from satellite imagery or by scanning existing contour maps is in raster mode. Such data may be compressed by detecting and storing the critical points of contour lines. When hand digitising a contour map, a trained digitiser operator would usually select points which visually appear to be critical points. Existing interpolation techniques often fail to restore the critical points, including turning points, to their original positions. This article illustrates the use of splines composed of quadratic Bézier curves with monotone curvature for rendering contour lines which are represented only by their turning and end points, such that the positions of the turning points are preserved. 相似文献
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针对高线图中陡坡区域特征的自动识别问题,在应用Delaunay三角网与线性插值法生成等高线图的基础上,改进了基于最大角原则生成约束Delaunay三角网的算法,对等高线图进行了三角剖分,根据等高线之间约束三角形的几何参数,计算了等高线图坡面单元坡度,识别出坡度较高区域。进一步地,给出了一种扩张算法对相连陡坡单元进行划分形成陡坡区域,计算了各个陡坡区域中心坐标、面积与平均坡度。通过对12组有256个坐标高程值的数据构建约束D-TIN并生成三维地形图对识别结果进行了评价,识别正确率达0.903,平均识别时间为33ms。实验表明,对于不同数据生成的不同等级等高线图的识别结果均有较高的效率与准确率。 相似文献
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等高线内插是提高地形图精度的一个常用手段，在地图综合等领域中有很重要的作用。在实际地形图数据库中，等高线除了存在完整的计曲线以外，还有一部分断裂的首曲线。已有的等高线内插研究中未考虑对此类数据的处理，为此，本文提出了一种基于Fréchet距离的断裂等高线内插算法。首先提出了等高线度量关系的计算方法，然后对等高线的节点均匀加密，并利用Fréchet距离进行相似度判断以选择参考等高线，最后根据“最近点”的方式进行插值。通过对江苏某地区实际数据的试验，验证了该算法的合理性，对于鞍部地区的内插，有更好的适应性和准确性。 相似文献
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《制图学和地理信息科学》2013,40(1):95-104
Depending on scale, topographic maps depicting the shape of the land surfaces of the Earth are produced from different data sources. National topographic maps at a scale of 1:25 000 (25K maps) produced by General Command of Mapping are used as the base map set in Turkey. This map set, which consists of approximately 5500 sheets, covers the whole country and is produced using photogrammetric methods. Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) created from these maps are also available. Recently, another data source, Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) interferometric data, has become more important than those produced by conventional methods. The Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) contains elevation data with 3 arc-second resolution and 16 m absolute height error (90 percent confidence level). These data are freely available via the Internet for approximately 80 percent of the Earth's land mass. In this study, SRTM DEM was compared with DEM derived from 25K topographic maps for different parts of Turkey. The study areas, each covering four neighboring 25K maps, and having an area of approximately 600 km2, were chosen to represent various terrain characteristics. For the comparison, DEMs created from the 25K maps were obtained and organized as files for each map sheet in vector format, containing the digitized contour lines. From these data, DEMs in the resolution of 3 arc-second were created (25K-DEM), in the same structure as the SRTM DEM, allowing the 25K-DEMs and the SRTM DEM to be compared directly. The results show that the agreement of SRTM DEM to the 25K-DEM is within about 13 m, which is less than the SRTM's targeted error of 16 m. The spatial distribution of the height differences between SRTM-DEM and the 25K-DEM and correlation analysis show that the differences were mainly related to the topography of the test areas. In some areas, local height shifts were determined. 相似文献
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In the past, the availability and/or the acquisition of spatial data were often the main problems of the realization of spatial applications. Meanwhile this situation has changed: on one hand, comprehensive spatial datasets already exist and on the other hand, new sensor technologies have the ability to capture fast and with high quality large amounts of spatial data. More and more responsible for the increasing accessibility of spatial data are also collaborative mapping techniques which enable users to create maps by themselves and to make them available in the internet. However, the potential of this diversity of spatial data can only hardly be utilized. Especially maps in the internet are represented very often only with graphical elements and no explicit information about the map’s scale, extension and content is available. Nevertheless, humans are able to extract this information and to interpret maps. For example, it is possible for a human to distinguish between rural and industrial areas only by looking at the objects’ geometries. Furthermore, a human can easily identify and group map objects that belong together. Also the type, scale and extension of a map can be identified under certain conditions only by looking at the objects’ geometries. All these examples can be subsumed under the term “map interpretation”. In this paper it is discussed how map interpretation can be automated and how automatic map interpretation can be used in order to support other processes. The different kinds of automatic map interpretation are discussed and two approaches are shown in detail. 相似文献
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Land-use/land-cover information constitutes an important component in the calibration of many urban growth models. Typically, the model building involves a process of historic calibration based on time series of land-use maps. Medium-resolution satellite imagery is an interesting source for obtaining data on land-use change, yet inferring information on the use of urbanised spaces from these images is a challenging task that is subject to different types of uncertainty. Quantifying and reducing the uncertainties in land-use mapping and land-use change model parameter assessment are therefore crucial to improve the reliability of urban growth models relying on these data. In this paper, a remote sensing-based land-use mapping approach is adopted, consisting of two stages: (i) estimating impervious surface cover at sub-pixel level through linear regression unmixing and (ii) inferring urban land use from urban form using metrics describing the spatial structure of the built-up area, together with address data. The focus lies on quantifying the uncertainty involved in this approach. Both stages of the land-use mapping process are subjected to Monte Carlo simulation to assess their relative contribution to and their combined impact on the uncertainty in the derived land-use maps. The robustness to uncertainty of the land-use mapping strategy is addressed by comparing the most likely land-use maps obtained from the simulation with the original land-use map, obtained without taking uncertainty into account. The approach was applied on the Brussels-Capital Region and the central part of the Flanders region (Belgium), covering the city of Antwerp, using a time series of SPOT data for 1996, 2005 and 2012. Although the most likely land-use map obtained from the simulation is very similar to the original land-use map – indicating absence of bias in the mapping process – it is shown that the errors related to the impervious surface sub-pixel fraction estimation have a strong impact on the land-use map's uncertainty. Hence, uncertainties observed in the derived land-use maps should be taken into account when using these maps as an input for modelling of urban growth. 相似文献
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The contour line is one of the basic elements of a topographic map. Existing contour line simplification methods are generally applied to maps without topological errors. However, contour lines acquired from a digital elevation model (DEM) may contain topological errors before simplification. Targeted at contour lines with topological errors, a progressive simplification method based on the two‐level Bellman–Ford algorithm is proposed in this study. Simplified contour lines and elevation error bands were extracted from the DEM. The contour lines of the elevation error bands were initially simplified with the Bellman–Ford (BF) algorithm. The contour lines were then segmented using the vertices of the initial simplification result and connected curves with the same bending direction were merged into a new curve. Subsequently, various directed graphs of the merged curves were constructed and a second simplification was made using the BF algorithm. Finally, the simplification result was selected based on the similarity between several simplification results and adjacent contour lines. The experimental results indicate that the main shapes of the contour groups can be maintained with this method and original topological errors are resolved. 相似文献
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数字地图的理论、方法和技术体系探讨 总被引：8，自引：4，他引：4
本文探讨数字地图的理论、方法和技术体系,既介绍研究心得,更意在诚邀专家学者的合作。在理论体系方面,本文章阐述了数字地图的概念、体系结构、理论基础,以及数字地图带来的地图学新观念。在方法体系方面,文章阐述了数字地图能够解决的地学问题、数字地图的分析方法、数字地图的数据模型;在技术体系方面,文章阐述了数字地图制图系统、移动数字地图技术等内容。文章给出了数字地图的应用实例,包括国家自然地图集数据库、电子版、网络版,以及中国科学院资源环境数据库电子地图集等两内容。 相似文献
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Stephen Wise 《Transactions in GIS》2002,6(3):327-337
Data capture from paper maps remain a slow and costly part of many Geographic Information System projects. In this paper a simple method is described which makes use of the facilities of desktop graphics software to capture raster data from scanned thematic maps. The first stage is to use the flood fill tool to identify the regions of the map that represent the data values and set them to a separate colour for each thematic category. This edited image is then imported into a GIS, where a specially written majority filter is used to classify any remaining pixels to produce a raster GIS layer. The technique is tested on samples from three maps, giving accuracy levels of over 90% in all cases when compared with digitising the same maps by hand. The technique could be useful for situations where a rapid and simple means of data capture is needed and could be developed further by drawing on techniques for contextual classification rather than relying on a general purpose flood fill algorithm. 相似文献