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邹礼卿 《国土资源导刊(湖南)》2014,(7)
正人类脚下的土壤、地下水和岩石构成了人类的载体。而这三者则形成了简单的地质环境概念。地质环境是人类生存和发展的基本条件之一。地质环境监测是为了保障经济社会可持续发展,减少人民群众生命财产损失,而开展的一项重要的基础性、公益性地质工作。2014年7月1日,《地质环境监测管理办法》正式施行,这是我国第一部有关地质环境监测管理工作的部门行政法规。 相似文献
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中国水资源开发与可持续发展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
自然界中,人类生存与发展的资源性因素有:空气、阳光、土地、水、能源、矿产及生物等。人类通过各种方式予以开发,以提高生存条件和生活水平。工业文明以来,人类对资源的过度开发,不仅破坏了资源供给的可持续性,而且诱发了地质一生态环境效应,对人类生存与发展产生了不利影响,主要是灾害性条件,如气候灾害、地质灾害及生物灾害等。资源的不合理开发又加剧了各种灾害的发生与发展。 相似文献
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土地是人类生存之本,是不可或缺、不可再生的宝贵资源。正是由于土地资源在人类生存中的重要地位及其不可再生性,世界各国都加强了对土地资源的管理。伴随着可持续发展理念越来越广泛地为人们所接受,可持续的土地资源管理也日益被提升到国家的战略地位。 相似文献
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我国耕地资源短缺的原因及对策初探 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
土地是人类生存与发展的重要基础资源,是人类不能出让的生存条件,人类社会发展迄今为止所创造的一切财富,都源于对土地的利用。我国是农业大国,农业是国民经济的基础,耕 相似文献
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世界各国的发展都必须面对的是这样一个共同性的基本问题,即人类社会对物质产品数量、性能、品种追求的无限性与自然环境、物质生产及供给能力的有限性之间的矛盾.人类自出现以来就开始努力从自然界中谋求生存并争取更好的生存(发展的本质就在于此),这种努力永不停歇.尽管人类社会追求物质产品的无限性和自然环境供给能力的有限性是客观存在的,但人类认识到他们的存在,特别是认识到这二者之间矛盾的严重性和普遍性,却有一个相当漫长的过程. 相似文献
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为分析高黎贡山羚牛生境质量状况,探讨其生境保护策略。本文建立高黎贡山自然保护区北段范围的数字地形模型,并将其应用在濒危珍稀动物--羚牛的生境评价研究中。通过羚牛活动区的海拔高度、坡度及植被类型等数据的叠置分析,获得了羚牛的潜在生境区,同时再综合考虑人类活动对其影响,便得到羚牛的实际生境。结合羚牛的生态习性与实地调查资料,选择海拔高度、坡度、植被因子、人类活动影响因子四个指标对其生境的适宜性进行了划分和评价。结果表明:(1)无人类活动影响下,羚牛可在研究区内大部分地区生存。从1974、1989、1999、2004年几个时相的图像分析,适宜羚牛生存的生境面积逐年减少,而不适宜的面积逐年增加。(2)人类活动影响下,适宜羚牛生存的生境大面积消失,生境丧失比例逐年增加。 相似文献
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世界各国的发展都必须面对的是这样一个共同性的基本问题，即人类社会对物质产品数量、性能、品种追求的无限性与自然环境、物质生产及供给能力的有限性之间的矛盾。人类自出现以来就开始努力从自然界中谋求生存并争取更好的生存（发展的本质就在于此），这种努力永不停歇。尽管人类社会追求物质产品的无限性和自然环境供给能力的有限性是客观存在的，但人类认识到他们的存在，特别是认识到这二者之间矛盾的严重性和普遍性，却有一个相当漫长的过程。 相似文献
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土地·社稷·社日--古代人民的信仰和价值取向 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
土地是人类生存、繁衍、发展的物质基础。人类自诞生以来，对土地就寄予了深厚的情感和希望，对土地顶礼膜拜，并留下了许多有关土地的神话、传说与祭祀活动记载。追寻这些人类走过的足迹，我们不难看出土地在人类心目中的庄严与神圣。 在人类童年时期，原始人关于大地的崇拜是 相似文献
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The aim of this work is to research the influence of natural climatic changes on the evolution of the coastal zone in modern times and the possible implication of human activities on the configuration of the present coastline.Comparison of data of two very far and different areas , the Po River delta, Adriatic Sea and the Huanghe River delta, Bohai Sea, reveals the planetary diffusion of climatic fluctuations and their effects on coastal evolution . 相似文献
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Spatial patterns and driving forces of land change in Tibetan-inhabited Three Rivers Headwaters region,China 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
The Three Rivers Headwaters Region(TRHR) plays a key role in regulating water supply and climate of East Asia. A comprehensive understanding of the processes and driving forces of the long-term land use dynamics of the TRHR is needed to guide sustainable land resource management and regional ecological conservation strategies. This study examined long-term land change patterns in the TRHR and investigated the driving forces of the change. First, Landsat TM/ETM+ images covering TRHR of four time points from 1987 to 2016 were used to derive land use patterns, and statistical metrics were applied to quantify the spatial and temporal changes. Second, Principal Component Analysis and correlation analysis were employed to analyze environmental and social-economic data to identify the driving forces of land use change. Third, potential influences of the religion of Tibetan Buddhism on land use change were explored using GIS analysis, questionnaire survey and field observation. Results showed that areas of barren land, agricultural land, and built-up land largely increased, while areas of grassland and forest greatly decreased, with the highest change rate occurring in the most recent decade of analysis(from 2007 to 2016). Among the three headwater regions, the Yellow River Headwater Region showed an overall higher changing speed than the other two headwater regions. The regional driving forces of change in TRHR includedsocial-economic development, climatic condition, pressure of population growth, and environmental protection activities. It was also found that Tibetan Buddhism can help slow down the changes caused by human activities. 相似文献
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The aim of this work is to research the influence of natural climatic changes on the evolution of the coastal zone in modern
times and the possible implication of human activities on the configuration of the present coastline.
Comparison of data of two very far and different areas, the Po River delta, Adriatic Sea and the Huanghe River delta, Bohai
Sea, reveals the planetary diffusion of climatic fluctuations and their effects on coastal evolution.
Contribution No. 820 from the Marine Geology Institute, C. N. R., Italy. Contribution No.2207 from the Institute of Oceanology,
Academia Sinica. Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China. 相似文献
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长江三峡工程库首区诱发地震危险性研究 总被引：8，自引：4，他引：4
对国内外及三峡工程邻区的水库震例研究表明，诱发地震的形成及其诱震地点、强度是受水库区地质环境影响和制约的，因而水库地震危险性预测主要是依据库区的诱发地震环境条件。在研究长江三峡水库诱发地震地质环境条件的基础上，采用地质环境和概率分析两种方法对库首区蓄水后的诱发地震危险性进行了评估，认为本区发生中、强地震的可能地点是九湾溪断裂和仙女山断裂北端，诱发地震的震级上限为5．5级。 相似文献
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Land change is a cause and consequence of global environmental change.Land use and land cover have changed considerably due to increasing human activities and climate change,which has become the core issue of major international research projects.This study interprets land use and land cover status and the changes within the Koshi River Basin(KRB)using Landsat remote sensing(RS)image data,and employs logistic regression model to analyze the influence of natural and socioeconomic driving forces on major land cover changes.The results showed that the areas of built-up land,bare land and forest in KRB increased from 1990 to 2015,including the largest increases in forest and the highest growth rate in construction land.Areas of glacier,grassland,sparse vegetation,shrub land,cropland,and wetland all decreased over the study period.From the perspective of driving analysis,the role of human activities in land use and land cover change is significant than climate factors.Cropland expansion is the reclamation of cropland by farmers,mainly from early deforestation.However,labor force separation,geological disasters and drought are the main factors of cropland shrinkage.The increase of forest area in India and Nepal was attributed to the government’s forest protection policies,such as Nepal’s community forestry has achieved remarkable results.The expansion and contraction of grassland were both dominated by climatic factors.The probability of grassland expansion increases with temperature and precipitation,while the probability of grassland contraction decreases with temperature and precipitation. 相似文献
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TANGYa XIEJiasui SUNHui 《山地科学学报》2004,1(1):38-45
Dry valleys are a striking geographic landscape in Hengduan Mountains Region and are characterized by low rainfall, desert type of vegetation and fragile environment. Past efforts and resources have been concentrated mainly on rehabilitation of degraded ecosystem and fragile environment, particularly reforestation, while socio-economic development has been largely overlooked. Despite successes in pocket areas, the overall trend of unsustainability and environmental deterioration are continuing. It is important to understand that uplift of the Tibetan Plateau is the root cause of development of dry valleys, and development and formation of dry valleys is a natural process. Human intervention has played a secondary role in development of dry valleys and degradation of dry valleys though human intervention in many cases has speeded up environmental degradation of the dry valleys. It is important to understand that dry valleys are climatic enclaves and an integrated approach that combines rehabilitation of degraded ecosystems and socio-economic development should be adopted if the overall goal of sustainable development of dry valleys is to be achieved. Promotion of niche-based cash crops, rural energy including hydropower, solar energy, biogas and fuelwood plantation is recommended as the priority activities. 相似文献
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ZHANGXue-qin GEQuan-sheng ZHENGJing-yun 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2003,13(3):207-215
How land-cover has been changed by human use over the last 300 years is one of the five overarching questions guiding the Land-use/Cover Change (LUCC) Science/Research Plan. China has variety of historical docu-ments providing unique data superiority. So the characteristics of farmland area in Shandong Province during the Qing Dynasty (1644-1911) are summarized firstly: 1) the rising trend of farmland area was striking; 2) farmland area had re-markable fluctuation; 3) farmland area per capita decreased dramatically; 4) wasteland reclamation index increased rapidly. Then, the driving forces of farmland area change are analyzed. It is concluded that natural and human factors are jointly influential. Among the driving forces, human dimensions are the main factors of farmland area change,which direct the general tendency of the changes mentioned above. And the natural factors influence the stability of farmland area as well. Variation of the natural factors would act as the major contributory factor to farmland area change during years or periods of abrupt climatic changes, or during the intensive occurring periods of natural hazards.Besides, the passive aspects of human factors, such as war chaos also influenced the fluctuation of the farmland area.This research indicates that it is feasible to study the land-use/cover change by Chinese historical literatures, which has huge potential to provide a comprehensive picture of the growing dominance of human land-use and land-cover pat-terns that can be used in many global change research oroiects. 相似文献
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张虎才 《中国地理科学(英文版)》1998,8(4):377-382
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海岸线对海平面上升、海岸侵蚀、港湾淤积、湿地生态资源、近海海域环境等具有重要的指示作用。利用遥感和GIS技术获取了珠江河口区1973-2015年8期海岸线数据,分析了海岸线长度、类型、空间位置的时空演化特征,提出岸线利用程度指数并定量分析人类活动对岸线的影响,最后对海岸线变化驱动力进行了探讨。结果表明：① 珠江河口区海岸线长度总体持续增加,岸线变化强度具有阶段性,1990年以前变化缓慢,1990-2000年为变化高峰期,2000年后变化强度减弱;② 1973-1990年珠江河口区以自然岸线为主,之后人工岸线成为主导岸线类型,建设围堤岸线1973年占总长度的7.09%,2015年所占比例增加到46.49%,在所有岸线类型中变化最大、比例最高;③ 研究期内,珠江河口区海岸线以向海域推进为主,年均速率达到39.10 m/a,鸡啼门-虎跳门段、磨刀门-鸡啼门段和蕉门-洪奇门段为向海延伸的热点区域;④ 40年来岸线利用程度指数稳定上升,1995年前增速较快,之后相对平缓。伶仃洋东岸岸线利用程度增幅最大;⑤ 口门整治、开发建设和围海养殖等人为活动是珠江口海岸线发生变化的主要原因,自然环境条件、人口和经济的增长以及政策因素是岸线演变的重要驱动力。 相似文献