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1.
Cosmogenic nuclide concentrations measured on abandoned fan surfaces along the Mojave section of the San Andreas Fault suggest that sediment is generated, transported, and removed from the fans on the order of 30-40 kyr. We measured in situ produced cosmogenic 10Be, and in some cases 26Al, in boulders (n = 15), surface sediment (n = 15), and one depth profile (n = 9). Nuclide concentrations in surface sediments and boulders underestimate fan ages, suggesting that 10Be accumulation is largely controlled by the geomorphic processes that operate on the surfaces of the fans and not by their ages.Field observations, grain-size distribution, and cosmogenic nuclide data suggest that over time, boulders weather into grus and the bar sediments diffuse into the adjacent swales. As fans grow older the relief between bars and swales decreases, the sediment transport rate from bars to swales decreases, and the surface processes that erode the fan become uniform over the entire fan surface. The nuclide data therefore suggest that, over time, the difference in 10Be concentration between bars and swales increases to a maximum until the topographic relief between bars and swales is minimized, resulting in a common surface lowering rate and common 10Be concentrations across the fan. During this phase, the entire fan is lowered homogeneously at a rate of 10-15 mm kyr−1. 相似文献
2.
琼北火山岩激光40Ar/39Ar定年研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
新生代以来,雷琼地区多次、大量地喷发了一系列火山岩。前人主要基于K-Ar法对此划分了期次。本文采用激光40Ar/39Ar年代学方法,对琼北火山岩区进行了精细定年研究。低本底激光40Ar/39Ar法能够对低钾含量,极少量样品(毫克级)进行精细测定,非常适合极年轻火山岩的定年工作。结果显示的火山岩激光40Ar/39Ar法高质量数据表明琼北火山喷发活动时限跨越1.3～0.052Ma。在比较了表观年龄与等时线年龄差异之后,本文给出了年龄推荐值。正如测试数据所显示,本地区新生代火山岩普遍存在40Ar和36Ar过剩的问题,此时只有等时线年龄才代表喷发的真实年龄。 相似文献
3.
Constraints from strontium and neodymium isotopic ratios and trace elements on the sources of the sediments in Lake Huguang Maar 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
Houyun Zhou Bo-Shian Wang Huazheng Guan Yi-Jen Lai Chen-Feng You Jinlian Wang Huai-Jen Yang 《Quaternary Research》2009,72(2):289-300
The sediments in Lake Huguang Maar in coastal South China were previously thought to originate mainly from wind-blown dust transported from North China, such that the lake sediments recorded the varying strength of the Asian winter monsoon. An alternative explanation was that the local pyroclastic rocks supplied the lake sediments, but the actual contributions from the different sources remained unclear. Geochemical analyses including 87Sr/86Sr and 143Nd/144Nd and trace elements support the local pyroclastic rock as the dominant source: < 22% of the total Sr in the lake sediments and 17% of the Nd arises from the distant source. Nb/Ta and Zr/Hf for the lake sediments are identical to those for the local rock but differ from the ratios for the wind-blown dust, and chondrite-normalized rare earth element patterns for the lake sediments are similar to those for the local rock and soil, but differ from those for the distant source. The sediments in Lake Huguang Maar are probably input into the lake through runoff and thus controlled by the hydrology of the lake. Wind-blown dust transported by the Asian winter monsoon from arid North China is only a minor contribution to the sediments. 相似文献
4.
对具有不同地质历史背景的3类40Ar/39Ar法样品中的40Ar和39Ar释出特征进行对比,研究结果表明,40Ar/39Ar法样品中的40Ar、39Ar释气曲线主要表现为以下3种形式:完全重合型、过剩氩型和不规则型。当40Ar与39Ar释气曲线呈完全重合型时,40Ar/39Ar法全熔年龄代表了岩体的形成年龄;当40Ar、39Ar释气曲线是过剩氩型时,40Ar/39Ar法全熔年龄则大于岩体的形成年龄;当40Ar与39Ar释气曲线呈不规则型时,表明样品中的放射成固氩(40Ar*)发生了丢失,其全熔年龄一般较岩体的形成年龄小。对于40Ar、39Ar释气曲线呈过剩氩型的样品,40Ar/39Ar法年龄谱通常呈马鞍形,且马鞍形年龄谱的底部年龄一般都具有地质意义,代表了岩体的形成年龄。对于40Ar、39Ar释气曲线呈不规则型的样品,对其年龄谱的解释应持谨慎态度。 相似文献
5.
H. Knicker G. Almendros F. J. Gonzlez-Vila H. -D. Lüdemann F. Martin 《Organic Geochemistry》1995,23(11-12)
A variety of fungal melanins with natural 15N abundance are characterized by solid-state 13C and 15N NMR spectroscopy and are compared to solid-state 13C and 15N NMR spectra of organic matter from representative soils. In all solid-state 15N NMR spectra the peptide/amide region (−220 to −285 ppm) dominates with more than 70% of the total intensity. The region between −285 and −375 ppm, assigned to amino and ammonium groups, always contains more than half of the remaining intensity. The area in the region from −30 to −220 ppm, where aromatic heterocycles would show signals, makes up less than 10% of the total intensity. These findings call into question common structural models for melanins. The solid-state 13C NMR spectra, on the other hand, reveal large differences when the melanins are compared to each other, and to composts and soils. The concentration of the aromatic carbon varies from 5 to 40% in the melanin series. The ratio Caro/Ntot and Cali/Ntot were calculated, and confirm that nitrogen in these samples is bound in Ca-groups rather than in aromatic heterocyclic structures. 相似文献
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The ^190Pt-^186Os system should be a unique tracer for mantle processes be-cause both Pt and Os are concentrated in the mantle.The ^190Pt-^186Os system will also be a good supplement to the ^187Re-^187Os system for dating and tracing mantle pro-cesses because the ^190Pt-^186Os system is not so easily contaminated by crustal materials as the ^187Re-^187Os system.In turn,the application of the ^187Re-^187Os system to Pt-enriched materials uncontaminated by crustal materials will indirectly refine the half life of ^190Pt.The ^190Pt is refined.In the coupled ^187Re-^187Os and ^190Pt-^186Os sys-tematics,an ^186Os*/^190Pt-^187Os*/^187Re Concordia diagram similar to the ^206Pb*/^238U-^208Pb*/^232Th Concordia can be constructed.In such a Concordia diagram,a date will be obtained so long as the ^190Pt-^186Os system remains closed even if the ^187Re-^187Os sys -tem is contaminated by crustal materials.In addition ,for the coupled ^190Pt-^186Os and ^187Re-^187Os systematics,the mantle processes and the interactions between the mantle and the crust will be described by two ratios:^186Os/^188Os and ^187Os/^188Os .The coupled ^187Re-^187Os and ^190Pt-^186Os systematics will be a powerful tool in the investigation of the geodynamic history of the Earth because the ^187Re-^187Os system is sensitive to the interactions between the mantle and the crust,while the ^190Pt-^186Os system is a good tracer for mantle processes. 相似文献
9.
The ground waters circulating in the Apulian mesozoic carbonate aquifer, of coastal type, show high concentrations of 222Rn everywhere. Considering their variation during the different phases of a hydrological year, such high concentration values can reach activity of 20 Bq/L, in the more internal zones of the aquifer. Moreover, it is often observed that, in correspondence of wells and springs nearest the coast, the concentrations of radioactive gas reach values greater than 400 Bq/L and vary considerably during the course of a day and with withdrawals. The research carried out over the last few years, has confirmed that 226Ra and 222Rn concentrations in the karst groundwater of Apulia, are mainly related to the occurrence of Terra Rossa inside the aquifer and the capacity of these paleosols to fix the salts of 226Ra coming from the dissolution of the calcareous and calcareous-dolomitic rocks. This paper shows the results of the analysis performed to define 222Rn increase in the brackish waters that come in contact with carbonate rocks and terra rossa. It also indicates the results of surveys performed in a coastal zone with well-known hydrogeological features. The controls performed during one hydrological year, have confirmed the relationships between the salt content of the ground waters and the enrichment of 222Rn and have highlighted that the manner of increase of this radioisotope is related to cases of ionic exchange and adsorption regulated by the dynamics of marine intrusion. 相似文献
10.
Mark Quigley Yu Liangjun Liu Xiaohan Christopher J.L. Wilson Mike Sandiford David Phillips 《Tectonophysics》2006,421(3-4):269-297
Structural and thermochronological studies of the Kampa Dome provide constraints on timing and mechanisms of gneiss dome formation in southern Tibet. The core of Kampa Dome contains the Kampa Granite, a Cambrian orthogneiss that was deformed under high temperature (sub-solidus) conditions during Himalayan orogenesis. The Kampa Granite is intruded by syn-tectonic leucogranite dikes and sills of probable Oligocene to Miocene age. Overlying Paleozoic to Mesozoic metasedimentary rocks decrease in peak metamorphic grade from kyanite + staurolite grade at the base of the sequence to unmetamorphosed at the top. The Kampa Shear Zone traverses the Kampa Granite — metasediment contact and contains evidence for high-temperature to low-temperature ductile deformation and brittle faulting. The shear zone is interpreted to represent an exhumed portion of the South Tibetan Detachment System. Biotite and muscovite 40Ar/39Ar thermochronology from the metasedimentary sequence yields disturbed spectra with 14.22 ± 0.18 to 15.54 ± 0.39 Ma cooling ages and concordant spectra with 14.64 ± 0.15 to 14.68 ± 0.07 Ma cooling ages. Petrographic investigations suggest disturbed samples are associated with excess argon, intracrystalline deformation, mineral and fluid inclusions and/or chloritization that led to variations in argon systematics. We conclude that the entire metasedimentary sequence cooled rapidly through mica closure temperatures at 14.6 Ma. The Kampa Granite yields the youngest biotite 40Ar/39Ar ages of 13.7 Ma immediately below the granite–metasediment contact. We suggest that this age variation reflects either varying mica closure temperatures, re-heating of the Kampa Granite biotites above closure temperatures between 14.6 Ma and 13.7 Ma, or juxtaposition of rocks with different thermal histories. Our data do not corroborate the “inverse” mica cooling gradient observed in adjacent North Himalayan gneiss domes. Instead, we infer that mica cooling occurred in response to exhumation and conduction related to top-to-north normal faulting in the overlying sequence, top-to-south thrusting at depth, and coeval surface denudation. 相似文献
11.
由于较低的钾元素含量以及过剩氩的存在,长期以来对硅质岩的40Ar/39Ar定年一直存在较大难度。近年来,由于仪器水平的不断提高,新实验技术和方法的应用,特别是激光全熔40Ar/39Ar定年技术的应用,40Ar/39Ar定年方法具有了足够高的测试精度和稳定的低本底水平,可以满足测试极低钾元素含量的硅质岩样品的要求。利用多组矿物颗粒测试数据计算等时线年龄的方法可以很好地去除过剩氩对硅质岩年龄的影响。本文利用激光全熔40Ar/39Ar定年方法对新疆准噶尔盆地边缘的两个硅质岩样品进行了定年研究。采自白碱滩地区的08BJT-3样品的年龄测试结果为294±14Ma,该年龄结果与硅质岩样品所处的晚石炭世地层沉积年代基本一致。采自卡拉麦里地区的KML-2样品的年龄测试结果为266±14Ma,该年龄结果与强烈变形改造硅质岩样品的卡拉麦里构造变形带活动年代十分一致,表明激光全熔40Ar/39Ar定年方法可以准确地对硅质岩进行定年。 相似文献
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霍各乞大型Cu-Pb-Zn矿床地处华北陆块北缘的狼山-渣尔泰山成矿带。该矿赋存于元古代带裂谷沉积岩系,矿区内围岩发生角闪岩相变质作用,并遭受剪切变形。赋矿围岩主要包括石英岩、云母片岩、碳质千枚岩、大理岩。此外,在赋矿围岩中存在铁建造层位,主要由磁铁矿及富铁角闪石构成。该矿的Cu-Pb-Zn矿化受剪切带控制,且发生于围岩剪切变形的晚期,退变质抬升阶段。成矿流体为变质流体。尽管霍各乞矿床Cu-Pb-Zn均显示后生热液矿化特征,矿床中硫化物却普遍具有元古代两阶段铅模式年龄(约1000Ma),表明成矿元素最初起源于元古代海底喷流沉积过程。此外,硫化物普遍富集重硫同位素,亦表明其最初来源于海水中硫酸盐的还原。为揭示Cu-Pb-Zn矿化及围岩变质时代,我们对围岩铁建造中的变质角闪石及成矿期的热液黑云母进行39Ar/40Ar年代学测试。围岩铁建造中的变质角闪石坪年龄为271.4±29.5Ma,代表峰期变质年龄。成矿期热液黑云母坪年龄为239.8±3.4Ma,代表Cu-Pb-Zn热液矿化时代。霍各乞热液矿化年龄略晚于围岩峰期变质年龄,这与该矿退变质期成矿的现象非常吻合。由于岩石在其退变质阶段无法产生变质流体,霍各乞Cu-Pb-Zn矿化的成矿流体来自深部岩石的进变质脱水。据此提出霍各乞矿床两阶段矿化模式:元古代期间,伴随海底热液活动发生同生沉积期Cu-PbZn预富集,形成富含成矿元素的裂谷火山-沉积岩。在印支期(二叠纪末-三叠纪初)的变质过程中,这些经历预富集的裂谷岩系变质脱水,其中的Cu、Pb、Zn再活化,含矿流体向浅部迁移,形成受剪切带控制的变质热液Cu-Pb-Zn矿床。从更宏观的角度考察,霍各乞印支期Cu-Pb-Zn矿化事件并不是孤立发生的,而是中国印支期大规模矿化事件的一部分。霍各乞变质热液CuPb-Zn矿化实例反映了此次印支期事件的成矿类型多样性,进一步确证了在挤压构造体制下除岩浆热液矿床及造山型金矿外,在某些特定地质背景下还可以形成变质热液型贱金属矿床。除霍各乞Cu-Pb-Zn矿床外,在狼山-渣尔泰山及临区发育若干印支期大型-超大型造山型金矿床。这些造山型金矿具有与霍各乞Cu-Pb-Zn矿床相似的地质特征,且形成于相似的大地构造背景。相比于形成造山型金矿,形成霍各乞等变质热液Cu-Pb-Zn矿床需要更为苛刻的地质条件。除形成造山型金矿所需的地质条件外(如变质作用、剪切带活动),形成Cu-Pb-Zn矿床的变质流体源区需要经历Cu、Pb、Zn预富集;此外,搬运大量的Cu需要富含CH4的还原性变质流体,这就要求成矿体系中存在富含有机质的岩性层。因此,在发育造山型金矿的地区,叠加上述有利地质条件之处具有形成大型变质热液Cu-Pb-Zn矿床的潜力。 相似文献
14.
M. N. Taran K. Langer I. Abs-Wurmbach D. J. Frost A. N. Platonov 《Physics and Chemistry of Minerals》2004,31(9):650-657
Pyrope-knorringite garnets, Mg3(Al1-X Cr3+X)2Si3O12 with X=0.25, 0.50, and 1.00, were synthesized between 9 and 16 GPa and 1300 and 1600 °C, using multianvil high-pressure techniques. The garnets with X=0.25 and 0.50 are fine-grained, pink and violet in color. The end-member knorringites with X=1.00 are black when compact and gray when coarse-grained. The fine powder is greenish gray in natural light and pale pink under a tungsten lamp. Powder remission spectra in the wavenumber range 30 000–10 000 cm–1 on finely powdered crystals were measured by two different methods: (I.) by the use of a small integrating sphere for small samples or (II.) microscope-spectrometric measurement using diffusely reflected radiation from a 45° illuminated microsample. Both methods yielded similar diffuse reflectance spectra. The following crystal-field parameters of [6]Cr3+ were determined for garnets with X=0.25, 0.50, 1.00: 10 Dq=17 856, 17 596, 17 286 cm–1; and B=654, 677, 706 cm–1; nephelauxetic ratio =(Bfield/Bfree)= 0.71, 0.74, 0.77. The -values indicate decreasing covalency of the Cr–O bond with increasing Cr content. The 10 Dq value for together with the mean Cr–O distance in end-member knorringite, 1.96 Å (Novak and Gibbs 1971), were used to calculate from the spectral data, local mean Cr–O distances (Langer 2001a) as a function of composition. The results indicate relatively strong local site relaxation with a value of =0.77. 相似文献
15.
在利用脉冲显微激光探针40Ar/39Ar定年技术测定标准样品的J值和年龄适用范围的基础上,研究了黑龙江省嫩江县北部多宝山斑岩铜矿区水热成因矿物的年代学。结果表明,高钾含量的水热蚀变矿物适合于激光探针的表面微区测定,并且可以克服水热蚀变矿物中的39Ar “反冲”丢失对年龄结果的影响。矿区的岩浆-水热事件主要有两期,分别为253-220Ma和184-162Ma,前者代表了成矿时代,后者反映出由成矿期后岩浆活动所引起的水热叠加事件。 相似文献
16.
Ionel Nicolae Ioan Seghedi Iuliu Boboş Maria do Rosário Azevedo Sara Ribeiro Mihai Tatu 《Chemie der Erde / Geochemistry》2014
An Early Permian volcanic assemblage is well exposed in the central-western part of the Apuseni Mountains (Romania). The rocks are represented by rhyolites, basalts and subordinate andesites suggesting a bimodal volcanic activity that is intimately associated with a post-orogenic (Variscan) syn-sedimentary intra-basinal continental molasse sequences. The mafic and mafic-intermediate rocks belong to sub-alkaline tholeiitic series were separated in three groups (I–III) showing a high Th and Pb abundances, depletion in Nb, Ta and Sr, and slightly enriched in LREE patterns (LaN/YbN = 1.4–4.4). Isotopically, the rocks of Group I have the initial ratios 87Sr/86Sr(i) = 0.709351–0.707112, 143Nd/144Nd(i) = 0.512490–0.512588 and high positive ?Nd270 values from 3.9 to 5.80; the rocks of Group II present for the initial ratios values 87Sr/86Sr(i) = 0.709434–0.710092, 143Nd/144Nd(i) = 0.512231–0.512210 and for ?Nd270 the negative values from −1.17 to −1.56; the rocks of Group III display for the initial ratios the values 87Sr/86Sr(i) = 0.710751–0.709448, 143Nd/144Nd(i) = 0.512347–0.512411 and for ?Nd270 the positive values from 1.64 to 2.35. The rocks resembling continental tholeiites, suggest a mantle origin and were further affected by fractionation and crustal contamination. In addition, the REE geochemistry (1 > SmN/YbN < 2.5; 0.9 > LaN/SmN < 2.5) suggests that these rocks were generated by high percentage partial melting of a metasomatized mantle in the garnet peridotite facies. The felsic rocks are enriched in Cs, Rb Th and U and depleted in Nb, Ta, Sr, Eu, and Ti. The REE fractionation patterns show a strong negative Eu anomaly (Eu/Eu* = 0.23–0.40). The felsic rocks show the initial ratios the values: 87Sr/86Sr(i) = 0.704096–0.707805, 143Nd/144Nd(i) = 0.512012–0.512021 and for ?Nd270 the negative values from −5.27 to −5.44. They suggest to be generated within the lower crust during the emplacement of mantle-derived magmas that provided necessary heat to crustal partial melting. 相似文献
17.
绢云母的~(40)Ar/~(39)Ar年龄是研究矿床形成年龄的重要手段,但是~(40)Ar/~(39)Ar定年矿物绢云母的提纯一直是一个难题。现有分离提纯方法得到的绢云母集合体中通常含有微斜长石,如本研究中常规磁选-重液法得到的微斜长石含量在0～28%,常规悬浮液法得到的微斜长石含量在3%～45%。当绢云母集合体中的微斜长石含量超过10%时,会直接影响测年的准确性。为探索一种有效的绢云母提纯方法,本文首先考察了常规磁选-重液法和常规悬浮液法的提纯效果,实验结果表明两种方法得到的绢云母纯度均不高,而且常规悬浮液法的粒度有时很细,不能满足定年要求。进而采用超声波解离-悬浮液法对磁选-重液法得到的含微斜长石的绢云母集合体进行了条件实验,绢云母的纯度从28%提高到77%,微斜长石相对于绢云母的含量从12.5%降为0。绢云母的粒度大于1μm的占比在95%以上,最小粒度大于0.356μm,大于~(39)Ar核反冲丢失的理论估算值0.08μm,该粒度下的绢云母在接受中子照射过程中不会引起明显的核反冲丢失,对中高温阶段的~(40)Ar/~(39)Ar年龄影响不大。研究认为,对于采用磁选-重液法得到的绢云母集合体,当其中的微斜长石含量大于10%时,可以采用超声波解离-悬浮液法进一步富集绢云母,降低微斜长石的含量,保证测年的准确性。 相似文献
18.
Takeshi Ohno Tsuyoshi Komiya Yuichiro Ueno Takafumi Hirata Shigenori Maruyama 《Gondwana Research》2008,14(1-2):126
We measured both mass-dependent isotope fractionation of δ88Sr (88Sr/86Sr) and radiogenic isotopic variation of Sr (87Sr/86Sr) for the Neoproterozoic Doushantuo Formation that deposited as a cap carbonate immediately above the Marinoan-related Nantuo Tillite. The δ88Sr and 87Sr/86Sr compositions showed three remarkable characteristics: (1) high radiogenic 87Sr/86Sr values and gradual decrease in the 87Sr/86Sr ratios, (2) anomalously low δ88Sr values at the lower part cap carbonate, and (3) a clear correlation between 87Sr/86Sr and δ88Sr values. These isotopic signatures can be explained by assuming an extreme greenhouse condition after the Marinoan glaciation. Surface seawater, mixed with a large amount of freshwater from continental crusts with high 87Sr/86Sr and lighter δ88Sr ratios, was formed during the extreme global warming after the glacial event. High atmospheric CO2 content caused sudden precipitation of cap carbonate from the surface seawater with high 87Sr/86Sr and lighter δ88Sr ratios. Subsequently, the mixing of the underlying seawater, with unradiogenic Sr isotope compositions and normal δ88Sr ratios, probably caused gradual decrease of the 87Sr/86Sr ratios of the seawater and deposition of carbonate with normal δ88Sr ratios. The combination of 87Sr/86Sr and δ88Sr isotope systematics gives us new insights on the surface evolution after the Snowball Earth. 相似文献
19.
Rajneesh Bhutani Kanchan Pande T. R. Venkatesan 《Journal of Earth System Science》2004,113(4):737-754
New40Ar-39Ar thermochronological results from the Ladakh region in the India-Asia collision zone provide a tectono-thermal evolutionary
scenario. The characteristic granodiorite of the Ladakh batholith near Leh yielded a plateau age of 46.3 ± 0.6 Ma (2σ). Biotite from the same rock yielded a plateau age of 44.6 ± 0.3 Ma (2σ). The youngest phase of the Ladakh batholith, the leucogranite near Himya, yielded a cooling pattern with a plateau-like age
of ∼ 36 Ma. The plateau age of muscovite from the same rock is 29.8 ±0.2 Ma (2σ). These ages indicate post-collision tectono-thermal activity, which may have been responsible for partial melting within the
Ladakh batholith. Two basalt samples from Sumdo Nala have also recorded the post-collision tectono-thermal event, which lasted
at least for 8 MY in the suture zone since the collision, whereas in the western part of the Indus Suture, pillow lava of
Chiktan showed no effect of this event and yielded an age of emplacement of 128.2 ±2.6 Ma (2σ). The available data indicate that post-collision deformation led to the crustal thickening causing an increase in temperature,
which may have caused partial melting at the base of the thickened crust. The high thermal regime propagated away from the
suture with time. 相似文献
20.
This paper presents the results of investigation on uptake of radioactive species 90Sr and 137Cs present in the liquid effluents from nuclear processing plants. Chemical precipitation process is adopted to remove radioactivity from the effluents with low and intermediate level of activity. In this process, radioactive 90Sr and 137Cs are co-precipitated along with copper ferrocyanide, ferric hydroxide and either calcium phosphate or barium sulphate. These precipitates being fine in size require flocculation for enhanced settling rate in clarifier/thickener. The flocculation by some selected high molecular weight polyacrylamide based polymers has improved the uptake of radioactive metal ions. The adsorption of these radioactive species has been found to increase in the presence of these flocculants thereby improving the decontamination factor (DF). While flocculating the precipitates, there may be some complex formation with Sr2+/Cs+, flocculant and the substrate. This has enhanced the uptake of the radioactive metal ions from the liquid component. The plant trials have indicated the improvement of DF value due to flocculation by cationic flocculant. 相似文献