共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 140 毫秒
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海底采集到的电磁数据按照其主要包含的信息及研究目的大致可分为海洋可控源电磁场(CSEM)信号、天然场源大地电磁场(MT)信号、海洋环境电磁场信号以及其他随机干扰信号.常常通过计算功率谱密度、时频分析和极化分析的方法研究海洋电磁场特征.本文介绍一种新方法——时频方向谱分析法及其在实测海洋电磁数据处理中的应用,该方法能够在一定的时间-频率尺度上有效分辨场源信号的运动方向.对于海洋CSEM数据,利用该方法可以估算发射源的运动方向,进而在发射源或采集站方位信息缺失情况下,实现海洋CSEM数据的旋转电性轴处理.对于海洋电磁数据,利用该方法可以详细分析海水运动感应电磁场的信号特征. 相似文献
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《中国科学:地球科学》2015,(1)
交变电磁场是对地震事件反应最灵敏的物理场之一,已观测到与地震有关大量的电磁场异常现象.随着人工源极低频电磁技术和卫星电磁观测技术在地震观测中被逐步应用研究,交变电磁场法用于地震观测的数据量呈数量级的增加,急需发展适于海量数据或大数据的信息处理和挖掘技术.本文介绍了自适应滤波技术及其在地面电磁场观测数据处理中的应用研究,以及小波分析技术在地面和卫星观测数据分析中的应用研究,表明在对实际测量数据处理中,自适应滤波技术可以有效识别天然源信号和人工源信号,并且提高了电磁场频谱和视电阻率计算的信噪比,小波分析等技术可以发现电磁异常现象与地震事件可能存在的相关性.这些技术可能成为对海量观测数据处理分析的有效方法. 相似文献
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本文利用DEMETER卫星观测到的电磁场数据, 统计分析了2005—2009年全球MS≥7.0强震前后空间电磁场的时空演化特征． 在震中上空±10°范围内, 使用震前90天至震后30天的5年同期观测到的电磁场极低频/甚低频(370—897 Hz)功率谱密度数据构建了稳定的背景场观测模型, 提取了震中上空的空间电磁场相对于背景场的扰度幅度, 并统计分析了强震前后空间电磁场的时空演化特征． 统计结果显示: 45次MS≥7.0强震中, 35次强震在地震发生前后磁场最大扰动幅度超过2.2倍标准差, 39次强震的电场最大扰动幅度超过2倍标准差; 最大的电磁扰动主要出现在震中±4°—±10°范围内． 另外, 震中上空的电磁场扰动幅度时序变化表现为3种不同类型的扰动特征, 且震前出现电磁异常的强震震中位置的分布特征与纬度存在一定关系; 而随机选择的非震区上空空间电磁场的扰动幅度则比较小, 未呈现出明显的特征． 相似文献
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地震前几周、几天、几小时甚至几分钟，电磁场的强度、相位或者谱密度等将发生异常变化，电离层的电子、离子浓度和温度等会发生异常扰动，这些现象的出现向人们发出地震即将来临的信号.这些现象不仅在地面可观测到，在卫星上也能观测到，它们在确定异常现象发生的地点和时间等方面具有各自的优势，把两种观测相结合，对异常信号进行立体监测，是实现地震预测预报的发展趋势.至今，对地面观测已经进行了大量的研究和实践，利用卫星进行观测近几年刚刚开始，但已经显示了它监测地震异常的独特能力，引起各方面的高度重视，成为各国建立立体预警系统不可缺少的组成部分.本文重点介绍利用卫星等观测空间电磁异常现象的研究结果. 相似文献
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地震电磁卫星的辅助数据处理是卫星数据处理分系统的一部分,它为卫星科学目标的实现提供重要的辅助信息.本文在参考法国地震电磁卫星DEMETER和探测双星的辅助数据等基础上,对我国地震电磁卫星的辅助数据进行了定义和分类;介绍了原型系统采用的JNI技术及软件架构设计;根据每类辅助数据的内容和特点,给出了各种辅助数据的处理流程,并对其处理方法分别进行了分析;最后对卫星辅助数据处理及原型系统设计进行了总结.本文所述内容和方法是我国地震电磁卫星数据处理的一个前期准备工作,将服务于利用地震电磁卫星进行地震预报. 相似文献
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对河北省红山基准地震台2014年3月7日至2015年12月31日ELF观测的天然电磁场数据进行处理,研究电磁场强度与视电阻率变化规律,分析2014年8月3日鲁甸6.5级地震、2015年的4月19日文安3.0级地震、4月25日尼泊尔8.1级地震、11月15日滦县2.9级地震发生前后电磁短临异常现象,结果表明,1 Hz、39 Hz、178 Hz电磁场自功率谱有明显的台阶、突跳和集丛现象,视电阻率异常变化幅度达到1—2个数量级。 相似文献
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2009年利用大功率人工源极低频电磁技术(CSELF)在位于华北、华南、东北、西北和西南的12个地震台站和几个流动观测点进行了连续30天新的观测试验.结果表明,利用CSELF技术可以在1700 km之外测量到人工源电磁场信号,计算得到的电、磁场功率谱密度和视电阻率与天然源信号相比,抗干扰能力更强,观测信号更稳定,特别有利于识别和捕捉地震等诱发的电磁异常现象,在地震预测监测中具有很大的研究应用潜力.试验还发现,各地震台站和流动测点观测的CSELF信号的强度,与台站或者测量的电、磁场分量相对于发射源的距离、方位有明显的关系;发现在离开发射源的相对近区,场强随距离的衰减,比在相对远区更快;发现接收磁场信号比电场信号较易获得更高信噪比的数据. 相似文献
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本文利用DEMETER卫星VLF频段电场和磁场频谱数据对DEMETER卫星运行期间2005年至2009年澳大利亚甚低频(Very Low Frequency)通信台NWC发射的通信信号造成的电离层电磁响应的日变化、季节变化及年变化特征进行了统计分析,统计结果表明电磁响应日变化显著,夜间电场强度明显增强可达40dB,磁场变化略小也可为15dB左右,而季节变化不显著,年变化主要受太阳活动的影响,太阳活动越强,电磁响应越小.为解释数据分析结果,对地-电离层电磁波传播过程采用传递矩阵方法进行了模拟计算,模拟结果与数据分析的结果一致.我们认为这种随时间变化的特点可能由250km以下电离层电子密度分布特征导致,因此研究250km以下的电离层电子密度变化可能对寻找地震电离层电磁异常有重要意义. 相似文献
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正交水平磁偶源是模拟天然场源的较好人工源,可以方便地实现可控源高频大地电磁张量测量.正交水平磁偶源的电磁场分布规律是野外工作布置的理论基础,为此计算了均匀大地模型正交水平磁偶源的电磁场.计算结果表明:电磁场水平分量在各个象限都有一相对低值带,对应的标量视电阻率形成了畸变带,但张量视电阻率畸变带消失;张量视电阻率曲线形态显示出近区的低阻、过渡区的高阻隆起和远区趋于真值的规律.通过野外试验验证理论计算结果,在无法准确确定地下介质电阻率参数的情况下,以天然电磁场计算的电阻率为参照对比研究了正交水平磁偶源电磁场的分布规律.试验结果表明:正交水平磁偶源与电偶源的电磁场同样的存在近区、过渡区和远区;在远区,正交水平磁偶源与测点的相对位置对张量测量结果几乎没有影响,即在远区可以在任何方位测量;正交水平磁偶源的布置要考虑收发距的影响,保证测量在远区进行. 相似文献
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应用小波变换方法处理了2008年汶川MS8.0地震前后成都、 江油台地电阻率观测数据及汶川地震、 2010年海地MW7.0地震前后DEMETER卫星记录的电离层磁场观测数据, 研究了地电阻率和电离层磁场的小波能谱及其相对变化.结果表明: ① 对应汶川大震前成都台N58°E测道地电阻率中期下降变化和短期上升变化的时段, 地电阻率小波能谱相对变化显著增大, 江油台N10°E测道地电阻率在主震前记录到了临震异常, 在临近主震前后, 电离层磁场特别是x分量的能谱及相对变化显著增大, 展现了与汶川大震明显对应的地电阻率、 电离层磁场变化的似同步异常; ② 在海地地震前夕, 电离层磁场x, z分量的能谱也出现了显著增大的现象, 类似于汶川大震前后电离层磁场的能谱增大变化. 相似文献
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Advances in alternating electromagnetic field data processing for earthquake monitoring in China 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
ZHAO Guo Ze BI Ya Xin WANG Li Feng HAN Bing WANG Xiao XIAO Qi Bin CAI Jun Tao ZHAN Yan CHEN Xiao Bin TANG Ji WANG Ji Jun 《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2015,(2):172-182
The alternating electromagnetic(EM) field is one of the most sensitive physical fields related to earthquakes. There have been a number of publications reporting EM anomalies associated with earthquakes. With increasing applications and research of artificial-source extremely low frequency EM and satellite EM technologies in earthquake studies, the amount of observed data from the alternating EM method increases rapidly and exponentially, so it is imperative to develop suitable and effective methods for processing and analyzing the influx of big data. This paper presents research on the self-adaptive filter and wavelet techniques and their applications to analyzing EM data obtained from ground measurements and satellite observations, respectively. Analysis results show that the self-adaptive filter method can identify both natural- and artificial-source EM signals, and enhance the ratio between signal and noise of EM field spectra, apparent resistivity, and others. The wavelet analysis is capable of detecting possible correlation between EM anomalies and seismic events. These techniques are effective in processing and analyzing massive data obtained from EM observations. 相似文献
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John F. Hermance 《Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors》1973,7(3):349-364
The processing of magnetotelluric data involves concepts from electromagnetic theory, time series analysis and linear systems theory for reducing natural electric and magnetic field variations recorded at the earth's surface to forms suitable for studying the electrical properties of the earth's interior.The electromagnetic field relations lead to either a scalar transfer impedance which couples an electric component to an orthogonal magnetic component at the surface of a plane-layered earth, or a tensor transfer impedance which couples each electric component to both magnetic components in the vicinity of a lateral inhomogeneity.A number of time series spectral analysis methods can be used for estimating the complex spectral coefficients of the various field quantities. These in turn are used for estimating the nature of the transfer function or tensor impedance. For two dimensional situations, the tensor impedance can be rotated to determine the principal directions of the electrical structure.In general for real data, estimates of the apparent resistivity are more stable when calculated from the tensor elements rather than from simple orthogonal field ratios (Cagniard estimates), even when the fields are measured in the principal coordinates. 相似文献
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The controlled source extremely low frequency (CSELF) electromagnetic method is characterized by extremely long and powerful sources and a huge measurement range. Its electromagnetic field can therefore be affected by the ionosphere and displacement current. Research on 3D forward modeling and inversion of CSELF electromagnetic data is currently in its infancy. This paper makes exploratory attempts to firstly calculate the 1D extremely low frequency electromagnetic field under ionosphere-air-earth coupling circumstances, and secondly analyze the propagation characteristics of the background electromagnetic field. The 3D staggered-grid finite difference scheme for solving for the secondary electric field is adopted and incorporated with the 1D modeling algorithm to complete 3D forward modeling. Considering that surveys can be carried out in the near field and transition zone for lower frequencies, the 3D Limited-memory Broyden-Fletcher-Goldfarb-Shanno (LBFGS) inversion of CSELF electromagnetic data is presented (in which the sources, or primary fields, are included), with the aim of directly inverting the impedance data, regardless of where it is acquired. Derivation of the objective functional gradient is the core component in the inversion. Synthetic tests indicate that the well-chosen approximation to the Hessian can significantly speed up the inversion. The model responses corresponding to the coexistence of conductive and resistive blocks show that the off-diagonal components of tensor impedance are much more sensitive to the resistivity variation than the diagonal components. In comparison with conventional scalar inversion, tensor inversion is superior in the recoveries of electric anomalies and background resistivity. 相似文献
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ELECTROMAGNETIC ANOMALOUS PULSES BEFORE AND AFTER EARTHQUAKES(M>6.0) IN CHINA CONTINENT IN 2008 
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下载免费PDF全文 In this paper,we provided the electromagnetic anomaly phenomena prior to five earthquakes with magnitude MW>6.0 occurring in China continent in 2008.The electromagnetic data in frequency bands 800~0.1Hz are recorded at two stations located in Urumqi,Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (URQ) and Tonghai,Yunnan Province (TH).The time series of four horizontal components of the electromagnetic field at the stations are converted to the spectra using Fast Fourier Transform.The relationship between the electromagnetic anomalous phenomena and the earthquake events is studied through analyzing the temporal variation of electromagnetic spectra and comparing them with earthquake events.This study provides the new examples for electromagnetic anomaly phenomena before the earthquakes.The following features can be found.①The obvious anomalous power spectrum density (PSD) of electromagnetic fields in frequency band of 128~0.5Hz appeared before earthquakes.The anomalous PSD is related to the earthquake magnitude and the epicenter distance.The anomaly size of magnetic PSD is about 1-3 orders of magnitude bigger than the background field before Wenchuan MS8.0 earthquake.② The changes of parameters are also related with frequency of the signal;The ELF signal strength observed at seismic stations is significantly related with distance between the stations or the measured magnetic and electrical field components and the source of earthquake.We also found that the field strength attenuated faster in area closer to the source than in far area.It is clear that the magnetic signals have higher signal noise ratio than the electric data.③ The amplitudes are also related with the azimuth of the earthquake to station and with the frequency of the data.④ The anomalous pulses showed cluster phenomenon in time. 相似文献