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Abstract: Based on an interpretation and study of the satellite remote-sensing images of FY-2C thermal infrared 1st wave band (10.3–11.3 μm) designed in China, the authors found that there existed obvious and isolated satellite thermal infrared anomalies before the 5.12 Wenchuan Ms 8.0 Earthquake. These anomalies had the following characteristics: (1) The precursor appeared rather early: on March 18, 2008, i.e., 55 days before the earthquake, thermal infrared anomalies began to occur; (2) The anomalies experienced quite many and complex evolutionary stages: the satellite thermal infrared anomalies might be divided into five stages, whose manifestations were somewhat different from each other. The existence of so many anomaly stages was probably observed for the first time in numerous cases of satellite thermal infrared research on earthquakes; (3) Each stage lasted quite a long time, with the longest one spanning 13 days; (4) An evident geothermal anomaly gradient was distributed along the Longmen seismic fracture zone, and such a phenomenon might also be discovered for the first time in satellite thermal infrared earthquake research. This discovery is therefore of great guiding and instructive significance in the study of the earthquake occurrence itself and the trend of the post-earthquake phenomena. 相似文献
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使用MODIS和MOPITT卫星数据监测震前异常 总被引：6，自引：2，他引：4
地震前温度异常以及CH4、CO2等气体的含量增加已经被人们逐渐认识,目前较多的研究集中在使用卫星热红外数据研究震前的温度异常,震前CH4、 CO2等气体含量的增加却一直未能从卫星观测中实现。使用MODIS数据研究了2002年1月15日台湾5级地震前的海上温度异常,使用MOPITT数据研究了2002年3月31日台湾7.5级强震前的CO异常以及温度异常。研究发现温度异常区和CO高值区吻合,因此认为这种温度异常可能是由于地球排气作用而导致。 相似文献
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扼要介绍了卫星高光谱红外大气遥感的原理,气体组分探测技术、反演技术和研究应用的发展历程,着重介绍了该技术在地震监测中的研究应用。遥感气体地球化学在地震监测方面的应用大致可以分为间接观测和直接观测2个方面:1利用卫星红外遥感间接监测地震断裂带脱气;2利用卫星探测大气成分的传感器直接监测地震前后的气体地球化学异常。通过分析地下气体逸散引起的物理化学异常与地震活动的关系,提取地震气体地球化学信息。介绍了典型震例的气体地球化学异常特征及其可能的形成机理,提出了存在的问题以及未来的研究重点。 相似文献
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地震活动性热红外异常提取方法研究 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
热红外遥感以其大视野、高精度和短周期等诸多优势以及对某些强震红外异常的良好反映,成为监测断裂活动性及地震短临前兆的很有前途的观测技术。热红外异常与地震关系的研究也受到国内外地震学者的广泛关注。但由于地表热红外辐射受云层、地形地貌、地物类型和气象等诸多非震因素的影响,因此,如何从复杂的红外遥感数据中提取出与地震活动有关的热异常一直是这项研究中的瓶颈问题。在对若干震例和地震活动区的热红外影像进行长期分析研究的基础上,对这一问题进行了探讨,同时提出了一些实用化的异常识别与提取方法,并对其可行性进行了分析。认为地震红外异常是地表亮温的相对变化,判别地震异常时,至少需利用两年以上的卫星资料,从不同的时空尺度上加以综合对比分析,仅靠震前震后一定时段的卫星资料不足以排除所有非震因素的影响。 相似文献
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Abnormal Phenomena Recorded by Several Earthquake Precursor Observation Instruments Before the Ms 8.0 Wenchuan,Sichuan Earthquake 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Abstract: The paper introduces the anomalies observed by digital tiltmeter, cross-fault deformation meter, 4-component borehole strainmeter and geothermometer before May 12, 2008, Ms8.0 Wenchuan earthquake, Sichuan. The digital tiltmeter installed in the epicentral region in Shifang County recorded the tilt anomalies 15 days before the earthquake with variation amplitude of 3.7 times larger than the annual deviation of 2007. The cross-fault deformation meter installed at Zimakua station on the Xianshuihe-Anninghe fault zone detected displacement anomaly occurring since 2006 with the variation amplitude exceeding the cumulative value of the last ten years. Five borehole strainmeter stations in the Chongqing section of Three Gorges Reservoir area observed unconventional strain changes occurring in the period from May 1 through 12, 2008. Among them, the strainmeter at Wanzhou station recorded the great compression strain rate on the EW component at 14:00 o'clock of May 10, and the anomaly amplitude was so large that the instrument output exceeded its dynamic range, corresponding to a level of ~104 nanostrains. The geothermometers installed in Xi’an, Chongqing and Xichang recorded the sudden temperature changes from November 2007 to January 2008 with the variation amplitudes several times larger than the ordinary deviation. The above phenomena and the criteria for distinguishing the anomalies from background fluctuations are discussed in this paper. 相似文献
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The paper introduces the anomalies observed by digital tiltmeter, cross-fault deformation meter, 4-component borehole strainmeter and geothermometer before May 12, 2008, Ms8.0 Wenchuan earthquake, Sichuan. The digital tiltmeter installed in the epicentral region in Shifang County recorded the tilt anomalies 15 days before the earthquake with variation amplitude of 3.7 times larger than the annual deviation of 2007. The cross-fault deformation meter installed at Zimakua station on the Xianshuihe-Anninghe fault zone detected displacement anomaly occurring since 2006 with the variation amplitude exceeding the cumulative value of the last ten years. Five borehole strainmeter stations in the Chongqing section of Three Gorges Reservoir area observed unconventional strain changes occurring in the period from May 1 through 12, 2008. Among them, the strainmeter at Wanzhou station recorded the great compression strain rate on the EW component at 14:00 o'clock of May 10, and the anomaly amplitude was so large that the instrument output exceeded its dynamic range, corresponding to a level of ～104 nanostrains. The geothermometers installed in Xi'an, Chongqing and Xichang recorded the sudden temperature changes from November 2007 to January 2008 with the variation amplitudes several times larger than the ordinary deviation. The above phenomena and the criteria for distinguishing the anomalies from background fluctuations are discussed in this paper. 相似文献
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A 200 km-wide thermal anomaly was recorded by thermal infrared satellite data in a heavily faulted region of the South China Sea, at the time of the 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake in Taiwan. Subsurface data, including vitrinite reflectance data, indicate anomalously hot fluid flow in porous aquifers in the geological record for the same region. These observations link a seismic thermal anomaly to the long-term expulsion of hot fluid from a deep, overpressured aquifer. 相似文献
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2013年12月16日三峡库区巴东发生Ms5.1地震.根据eigen-6c2模型研究了巴东地区的8-638阶卫星重力异常, 结果表明: 该地区场源深度为10 km的地壳为局部重力低异常, 反映了该处物质密度较周围偏低, 形成低密度层.同时, 研究了该地区速度结构剖面, 结果表明: 巴东地区地壳5~9 km及10~15 km深处存在上下两个低速层, 上部低速层与水库渗水有关, 下部低速层与地幔热流体的上涌有关.低密度层和低速层的确定为韧性流变层的存在提供了证据.巴东地震是地壳深部能量的长期集聚与突发释放, 属构造地震.然而, 库水下渗引起的上部低速异常降低了断层活动的阈值, 震前库水载荷的变化对此次巴东地震的发生起到了触发作用.通过对比次声波和地震波, 我们得出次声波仪记录到的异常信号为本地次声波. 相似文献
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Satellite detection of thermal precursors of Yamnotri,Ravar and Dalbandin earthquakes 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
Saraf Arun K. Rawat Vineeta Das Josodhir Zia Mohammed Sharma Kanika 《Natural Hazards》2012,61(2):861-872
Prior to the occurrence of an earthquake, the region undergoes intensive physiochemical changes. Such changes trigger degassing
charge generation leading to positive change in the thermal regime and consequently creation of an earthquake preparation
zone. These changes in thermal regime can be detected by the thermal sensors onboard various polar orbiting satellites. Recent
researches have demonstrated that thermal infrared sensors onboard satellites (e.g., NOAA-AVHRR and Terra/Aqua-MODIS) can
detect temporal transient thermal infrared anomalies prior to an earthquake. The paper presents satellite-based thermal observations
associated with Yamnotri (July 22, 2007, India), Ravar (October 14, 2004, Iran) and Dalbandin (January 19, 2011, Pakistan)
earthquakes. In the case of Yamnotri earthquake, the region attained around 5–8°C higher than the normal temperature on July
21, 2007 in the area, just 1 day before the earthquake. Whereas, in the case of Ravar earthquake, the region has shown 5–7°C
higher temperature on October 06, 2004 about 6 days before the occurrence of the main earthquake event. Dalbandin earthquake
showed a maxima on January 17, 2011, just 2 days before the main shock with the raised temperature of around 8–10°C. Another
common observation in all these earthquakes is the disappearance of short-term transient thermal anomaly just before the main
shock. 相似文献
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This paper presents a preliminary analysis of thermal anomalies before the Baja California M7.2 earthquake occurred on April 4, 2010. The results show that surface air temperature of the Mexicali station, which is the closest one to the epicenter, reaches its maximum value on March 30, which is also the maximum value from January 1 to April 10, 2010. Weather stations far away from the epicenter (100 km away) show no other thermal anomaly. In particular, the National Centers for Environmental Prediction Final Operational Global Analysis (NCEP-FNL) air temperature data show a maximum temperature change between March 30 and 31 at the epicenter grid point, while the other surrounding 7199 grid points show medium to low temperature change. The microwave brightness temperature measured by the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer on board the EOS Aqua satellite (AMSR-E) also shows an increase on March 31. The results of multiple thermal parameters analysis obey well the DTS criterions: deviation (D), time synchronism (T), and space consistency (S), so they can be considered as convincing seismic thermal anomalies. This analysis might contribute to make reliable earthquake predictions. 相似文献
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青海共和7级地震卫星热红外临震增温前兆 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
本文阐述了卫星热红外通道探测地球表面温度的优势和青海共和卫星热红外震兆异常特征,并谈到了物体红外辐射的基本原理以及热红外形成机制。 相似文献
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Satellite thermal infrared images contain valuable earthquake precursor information. Past studies concluded that such information appeared only a few days or dozens of days before an earthquake would occur. In our study, though, we observed that the time intervals between the thermal infrared precursor and an earthquake??s occurrence can be up to 10?years. An infrared image can also synchronously indicate the locations of additional future earthquakes with different epicenters within a region. The shape, area, intensity, and movement of thermal infrared anomaly areas are a combination of all the future strong earthquakes within a region. These distant future earthquakes are generally located near the edges, endpoints, or corners of the main structure, fine structures or periphery structures of a thermal infrared anomaly area and play a role in confining the anomaly area. There have not been any exceptions among the strong earthquakes we analyzed, which have included the 2011 Japan M w 9 event, the 2010 Yushu M S 7.1 event, the 2008 Wenchuan M S 8 event, and many other strong events following the 2004 Sumatra M S 9 event. Surprisingly, some of the earthquakes can outline an area of elevated temperature observed many months ago. If we can roughly locate these potential epicenters through the analysis of thermal infrared images and combining the analysis with other information, and then dynamically monitor them, it may be easier to observe the precursor of an earthquake and predict its occurrence. 相似文献
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通过分析6个强震震中附近地磁Z分量秒数据的处理结果显示: 一些强震在震前反复出现较强的地磁异常现象.此现象在震前百余天至四十余天和临震前出现; 地磁场的特大异常持续天数随震级的增大而增大, 其异常天数与总体天数的比值随着震级的增大而增大.该特性对于短临地震预报预警及防震减灾具有一定意义. 相似文献
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地球排气与森林火灾和地震活动 总被引：22，自引：4，他引：22
地球不仅是固体 ,而且充满了流体。当地球受力时 ,地壳变形和破裂 ,气体 (H2 ,CH4 ,CO等 )从内向外溢出 ,这样可引起森林火灾和地震。自 1990— 2 0 0 0年 12月利用卫星热红外图像资料做地震短临震兆的观察取得了突破性进展。正式预测、预报 149次 ,10 0次有结果 ,虚报 49次。 10 0次有结果的预测、预报中较准确的有 6 5次 ,含 7级地震 10次、6级地震 19次、5级地震 36次。较好预报有 2 5次 ,含 7级地震 4次。较差预报有 10次。由于云层干扰有 49次虚报和 2 0次漏报。 1998年 5月 13日— 5月 2 2日内蒙古大兴安岭阿尔山森林火灾前 10d ,即 1998年 5月 4日在卫星热红外云图上见到内蒙古大兴安岭阿尔山森林区出现圆形排气增强区。 1999年 4月 3日山西汾阳森林火灾前 4d ,即 1999年 3月 31日卫星热红外云图上汾阳森林区出现一孤立圆形排气增温区。 2 0 0 0年 3月 2 8日福州郊外森林区起火 ,就在当日卫星热红外云图上可见到福建沿海大陆升温。 1996年 9月 6日台湾兰屿发生 7 1级地震 ,地震前 11d增温震兆呈现一个奇特构造应力热体系———山字型。 相似文献
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20100124山西河津M4.8地震前,临汾地震台宽频倾斜仪记录到与实验室岩石破裂亚失稳过程类似图像,震源及附近地区也出现多项准同步性的短临异常。本文对这次地震前震源及附近地区多种地球物理场观测数据在发震断层黏滑失稳前不同阶段的变化特征进行了探讨。结果表明：1）震前记录到的亚失稳现象并非单点单测项,而是具有多点多物理场的群体性特征;2）这些异常出现的时间与临汾宽频倾斜仪记录的亚失稳事件时间基本同步,其形态上以大幅突变为主,时间上多集中在震前45 d左右,空间上主要集中在距震中100 km的范围内,且具有随时间从外围向震中区集中的特点;3）震前不仅在多种地球物理场观测数据中记录到类似亚失稳现象,而且在震前1~6 d一些地球物理场观测仪器还记录到与发震断层失稳前预滑有关的小事件;4）震前临汾宽频倾斜仪记录到的亚失稳现象、震源及附近地区出现多项准同步性的短临异常,是在震源及附近地区的区域应力场增强、介质特性发生改变的情况下出现的,可能与河津地震有关;5）震前多种地球物理场异常随时间推移显示出协同化的特点,即沿发震断裂方向有由外围向震中迁移和集中的特点。 相似文献
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遥感大数据分析与应用正成为地球信息科学领域重要的研究内容。利用热红外遥感技术进行地热异常信息的提取可以为地热资源勘查评价提供重要的依据。Landsat系列卫星数据拥有长时间的数据积累和较高的空间分辨率,是地表热环境时空序列大数据分析的重要数据。最新一代的Landsat8 卫星热红外数据在延续了较高分辨率的同时,敏感性更强,更加适合于对地表热环境空间分布进行精确分析。本文以安徽黄山汤口-寨西工作区为研究区,分别选用2016年12月9日Landsat8 的热红外遥感数据和2009年12月6日Landsat5 TM 数据,采用大气校正方法进行地表温度的反演和对比分析,通过密度分割分析提取地热异常信息,并综合遥感地质解译信息、气象、地形等数据,对工作区地热资源有利区进行了预测。结果表明：两个时相地表温度反演结果的空间分布基本一致,利用Landsat8 热红外数据的地表温度反演结果可以有效地获取地热异常信息,所圈定的地热异常较为合理,与工作区内主要的断裂构造分布一致,且和物探勘查和钻孔实验结果相对应,可以为地热资源勘查大数据分析提供重要的数据源。 相似文献
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自从1990年以来,通过对青藏高原的调查和研究,认识到下地壳流动同步形成盆地和造山带,并受控于相关洋盆地幔软流圈向大陆的顺层流动和底辟作用。下地壳不均匀流动通过韧脆性中地壳热能-应变能转换孕育地震,部分发震能量通过上地壳脆性断层释放。在地震孕育过程中通常会伴生跨年度干旱和异常降雨,构成热灾害链。近5年内青藏高原东部连续发生汶川、玉树、芦山大地震,形成于从亚东流经羊八井、安多、玉树并分支流向汶川和芦山—康定的下地壳"热河"的仰冲式和侧冲式撞击作用。从2008年9月以来连续发表5篇论文,根据地壳热构造和热灾害链的时空结构对芦山地震的三要素进行了长期和中期预测。2008年9月预测从2013年开始可能发生大地震,2012年9月将鲜水河—安宁河—小江异常热流构造带5年内将发生多个7级地震的首个大震锁定在芦山或西昌。芦山地震只释放了亚东—羊八井—安多—玉树—鲜水河—安宁河—小江"热河"剩余热能中的一小部分,在西昌—会理—昭通地区、道孚—康定地区、通海—石屏地区近5年内很可能发生4个7级左右的地震。此外,华北典型的热灾害链结构表明震情严峻,环渤海地区近3年内很可能发生大地震。从地震热流体撞击机理与地震异常之间的关联性出发,提出了动态立体监测及短临预测地震的思路和方法。 相似文献