共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 125 毫秒
1.
2.
C. A. J. Duffy 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(3):565-570
Data from 36 whale shark (Rhincodon typus Smith, 1828) sightings off north‐east North Island, New Zealand are summarised. Sightings were concentrated over the outer shelf and shelf break in areas influenced by the East Auckland Current at sea surface temperatures (SST) of 21–24°C. Sightings occurred from late spring to early autumn (November‐April) but were most frequent in midsummer (February) when upwelling along the north‐east shelf is weakest. The data indicate whale sharks occur off north‐east New Zealand most summers, including those when SST is colder than usual. A cluster of sightings and three observations of whale sharks feeding on schools of anchovy (Engraulis australis) near Whale Island, Bay of Plenty, suggest whale sharks may aggregate seasonally in this area. Estimated total lengths (TL) of 26 whale sharks ranged from 3.5 to 15 m, with 73% between 6 and 9 m TL. 相似文献
3.
ABSTRACT Determining the genetic structure and population dynamics of harvested species are key aspects of effective fisheries management. New Zealand scampi (Metanephrops challengeri) is a species of nethropid lobster that supports a commercial fishery on the continental shelf and slope around New Zealand. To determine the genetic structure and historical population demography of New Zealand scampi, we sequenced a 623 base-pair fragment of the mitochondrial gene cytochrome c oxidase subunit one (CO1) from 321 individuals across six widely separated sites off the coast of mainland New Zealand and the subantarctic Auckland Islands, representing much of the species’ distribution. The Auckland Islands population was found to be genetically distinct from all other sampled populations, potentially resulting from an absence of continuous suitable habitat between the central-eastern South Island and the Auckland Islands. An isolation-by-distance pattern of genetic structure was also detected. With the exception of the Mercury Islands, all sampled populations showed signs of recent population expansion, potentially linked to changes in habitat availability during the glacial-interglacial cycles of the Pleistocene. We recommend that the current NZ scampi management areas and harvesting rates for each remain unchanged. 相似文献
4.
C. P. Summerhayes 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(3):267-282
Concentrations of minerals on the sea floor around New Zealand occur in a manner which makes them economically significant as future mineral resources. Three major environments of interest are beaches, the continental shelf, and the adjacent deep‐sea floor. New Zealand's west coast beaches are well known as mineral resources containing large quantities of iron and titanium ores. Similar concentrations representing fossil beaches are also known from the continental shelf. The deep‐sea floor adjacent to the continental shelf is formed around New Zealand by the New Zealand Plateau, an extensive submarine platform in 500–1,500 m. Terrigenous sedimentation is negligible in this environment where, as a result, pure calcareous oozes are common. Vigorous bottom currents and suitable reducing micro‐environments encourage glauconite formation. In the past, possibly from warmer waters of the early and mid Tertiary, phosphates were precipitated from seawater to form phosphorite nodules, a potential resource of phosphates. During late Tertiary or Quaternary, volcanicity at the Antipodes Islands and on the Macquarie Ridge resulted in the formation of manganese deposits. Manganese minerals also occur in bulk on the floor of the Southwestern Pacific Basin away from the New Zealand Plateau. The origin, bulk, and significance of these deposits are discussed. 相似文献
5.
Polychaete assemblages are described from replicate box‐core samples collected in summer 1983 at 18 stations on the continental shelf and upper slope (28–943 m) off the west coast of the South Island, New Zealand, south‐eastern Tasman Sea (c. 41–43°S, 169–172°E). Three main station groupings were identified by multivariate analysis: (1) inner shelf sandy stations characterised by Prionospio australiensis, Aricidea (Acesta) sp., Magelona cf. dakini, Paraprionospio aff. pinnata, Aglaophamus sp., Heteromastus filiformis, and Magelona sp.; (2) middle to outer shelf muddy stations characterised by Levinsenia cf. gracilis, Prionospio australiensis, Paraprionospio coora, Aglaophamus verrilli, and Auchenoplax mesos; and (3) upper slope sandy mud or mud stations characterised by Prionospio ehlersi. A combination of water depth and sediment clay content provided the best correlation with the biotic pattern. Spionidae was the most abundant family (49% of polychaete individuals), which may reflect the scope for opportunistic species in a shelf environment characterised by a high input of terrigenous sediment and episodic upwelling. 相似文献
6.
The input of river-borne sediments to the New Zealand continental shelf has been calculated for all the major rivers and basins in New Zealand. South Island yields 284 ± 40 × 106 tonnes per year of sediment from a land area of 152 977 km2 and North Island yields 105 ± 9·4 × 106 tonnes per year from a land area of 114 621 km2. Particularly high discharges are noted off the west coast of South Island and east coast of North Island and result in higher offshore sedimentation there. The data are compatible with measured sedimentation rates on the New Zealand continental shelf. The specific sediment yield from South Island is amongst the highest previously recorded. 相似文献
7.
8.
Sorted bedforms on the inner shelf off northeastern New Zealand: spatiotemporal relationships and potential paleo-environmental implications 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Sorted bedforms are heterogeneous shelf seabed features found ubiquitously on the inner shelf of New Zealand and around the
world. In this study we examine the shallow stratigraphy of sorted bedforms using diver-collected short cores together with
the textural analysis of the associated surface sediments in the Tairua-Pauanui embayment on the northeast coast of the North
Island of New Zealand. Combining sonar and textural analysis together with the local oceanographic conditions provides new
insight into the interpretation of sorted bedform features. In this regional case study, sorted bedforms are found to have
a stratigraphic signature characterized by alternating fine and coarse sequences that does not reflect alternating calm (low-energy)
and storm (high-energy) cycles. Instead, the core sequences suggest the signature of a heterogeneous inner shelf sedimentary
facies developed from morphodynamic feedback mechanisms operating at the scale of the bottom boundary layer. The resulting
sedimentary sequence (alternating coarse and fine units) found throughout this study site is the result of contemporaneous
sorting processes. 相似文献
9.
D. G. McKnight 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(3):505-526
New Zealand Oceanographic Institute collections from Raoul Island and nearby add Marginaster sp. (Asteroidea) to the fauna and contain also Helio‐cidaris tuberculata (Lamarck), Echinometra mathaei (Blainville), Echinocyamus polyporus Mortensen, Peronella hinemoae Mortensen (Echinoidea); Ophidiaster kermadecensis Benham, Patiriella oliveri Benham, Astrostole rodolphi (Perrier) (Asteroidea); and Amphiophiura kermadecensis (Benham) (Ophiuroidea). A sample from near the Star of Bengal Bank, almost midway between New Zealand and Raoul Island, contains Trigonocidaris radiata Mortensen (Echinoidea), Asteroporpa wilsoni Bell, Astroceras n.sp. and Ophiogymna n.sp. (Ophiuroidea), all new records for the Kermadec Islands area. 相似文献
10.
Specimens of blue moki Latridopsis ciliaris (Forster in Bloch & Schneider, 1801) from New Zealand were shown to differ from specimens of copper moki Latridopsis forsteri (Castelnau, 1872) using two genetic methods—allozymes and muscle proteins. Allozyme techniques revealed fixed differences between blue and copper moki at 4 out of 15 loci. There was a genetic distance of 0.31–0.34 between population samples of the two colour morphs. The two morphs were also distinguished by iso‐electric focusing of muscle proteins. Meristic characters, counted in the specimens studied with genetic markers, revealed diagnostic markers in tubed lateral line scales and scales in the lower transverse series. It is concluded that specimens of blue moki from New Zealand and copper moki from New Zealand and Tasmania are valid species. 相似文献
11.
John C. McCain 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(2):286-295
The New Zealand Caprellidae (Crustacea: Amphipoda) are reviewed. Only two species previously recognised from New Zealand, Caprella equilibra Say and Caprellina longicollis (Nicolet) are accepted. A new monospecific genus near to Protomima is described. 相似文献
12.
Xenophyophores are a group of giant, but extremely fragile, rhizopod protozoans generally found at lower bathyal or abyssal depths. Recent dredge samples and photographs suggest that there is a largely endemic fauna of xenophyophores with anastomosing branches living at upper bathyal depths around New Zealand. Their distribution may be related to the layer of Antarctic Intermediate water that bathes the upper slope of the New Zealand Plateau. Photographs of the seafloor at depths of 800–1300 m on the Lord Howe Rise show hemispherical masses, 5 cm across, of which the majority appear to be Syringammina tasmanensis Lewis, 1966 and at least one specimen may be Reticulammina lamellata Tendal, 1972. The photographs indicate that these species live on the seabed, not beneath it, that they are probably filter feeders and that they can reach a density of about one specimen per square metre. A new species, Reticulammina maini, is described from the continental slope east of Auckland. A key to the New Zealand species of xenophyophore is presented. 相似文献
13.
Habitat information, frequency of occurrence at depth ranges, collections and sight records, and live colours of Echinodermata from The Snares (48 ° 07′S, 166 ° 36′E) are recorded. Forty species are now known from the islands, 16 of which are new records. The Snares appear to be an ecotone between southern New Zealand (Forsterian Province) and the southern islands (Antipodean Province) having stronger affinities with southern New Zealand. 相似文献
14.
《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2012,46(1):1-23
ABSTRACTIn contrast to previous reports that leopard seals (Hydrurga leptonyx) are rare vagrants to New Zealand, we show that this species is a regular member of the marine fauna of this region. We present a first analysis from the New Zealand Leopard Seal Database – an extensive collation of 2,711 records of leopard seals within New Zealand between 1200 and 2018. Of these records, 51.2% (n?=?1,408) were photographic. Leopard seal sightings have increased over time and been reported in all seasons and regions of New Zealand. Sightings are predominantly of adult individuals of good or excellent body condition, which differs to previous hypotheses suggesting that leopard seals visiting New Zealand shores are primarily juvenile animals in poor health condition. A total of 176 unique individuals have been identified in the New Zealand Leopard Seal Catalogue between 2014 and 2018 and preliminary results indicate that numbers per annum have continued to increase over time. Three leopard seal births and a number of juvenile animals (34% of the NZ records) have been documented. Considering the information presented here and the current definitions in the New Zealand Threat Classification System, the threat status of leopard seals within New Zealand waters should be reclassified from Vagrant to Resident. 相似文献
15.
Craig B. Kensler 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(4):412-420
Two species of spiny lobsters (marine crayfish) inhabit New Zealand waters: Jasus edwardsii (Hutton, 1875), and J verreauxi (H. Milne Edwards, 1851). J edwardsii, the more common species, is present along most rocky coastlines in New Zealand, but is more abundant in the south‐west of the South Island and at the Chatham Islands. The species apparently reaches its northern limit of distribution at the Three Kings Islands (34°S) and its southern limit at the Auckland Islands (51°S). J. verreauxi, the less common species, is almost solely restricted in New Zealand waters to the north‐east coast of the North Island. It is uncommon in the west and the south of the North Island, and is rare in the South Island. J. verreauxi apparently reaches its northern limit of distribution at the Kermadec Islands (31°S), and its southern limit near Bluff (47°S) in the South Island. 相似文献
16.
Geoffrey B Read 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(2):83-100
Shells of commercially valued bivalves in New Zealand, Crassostrea gigas, Perna canaliculus and Pecten novaezelandiae, are damaged by blister-causing Polydora polychaete species known to be close in morphology to the widely recorded oyster pest Polydora websteri Hartman. Recent New Zealand occurrences are here confirmed to relate to two species, P. websteri, and a second similar species, Polydora haswelli Blake & Kudenov, a new record for New Zealand, previously known only from Australia; the two species are described and compared. The worms have limited distributions, with P. websteri confirmed only for Pacific oysters (C. gigas) in northern New Zealand, although prior reports indicate it may also occur on scallops and have reached the northern South Island. Polydora haswelli has been found only in northern New Zealand, occurring on subtidal mussels and scallops and native oysters (Perna canaliculus, Pecten novaezelandiae, Ostrea chilensis), as well as co-existing with intertidal P. websteri on Pacific oysters. The worms are not present in Foveaux Strait O. chilensis beds, a major source of past oyster exports to Australia. The history of mud-blister worm outbreaks in Australasia is examined. While trans-Tasman exports of live oysters from New Zealand were commonplace during the nineteenth century, there is no evidence that mud-blister worms were present in New Zealand then. The earliest reports only date from the early 1970s and only from northern New Zealand, whereas a century earlier in the 1870s at least one of these pest worms had become widespread along eastern Australian coasts. 相似文献
17.
David J. Stirling 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(4):851-857
In 1994 a major biotoxin event occurred along the east coast of the South Island, New Zealand. Gymnodimine, a unique bioactive spiroimine, was isolated and characterised from Foveaux Strait dredge oysters (Tiostrea chilensis = Ostrea chilensis) collected during this outbreak. This study reports the results of liquid chromatographic‐mass spectrometric analysis for gymnodimine in 217 samples from eight species of shellfish over the years 1993–99. Of these samples 155, covering six species of shellfish, contained detectable gymnodimine with a range in concentration from 14.8 to 23 400 μg/kg. Gymnodimine‐containing shellfish occurred at 37 of the 63 sites sampled from around New Zealand. This study demonstrates that accumulation of gymnodimine is not limited to T. chilensis and can occur in other shellfish species over much of New Zealand. Gymnodimine is a possible cause of the numerous historical biotoxin screen‐positive results. 相似文献
18.
Settlement of puerulus‐stage New Zealand red rock lobsters (Jasus edwardsii) and abundance of the first three juvenile cohorts were measured from 1981 to 1989 near Halfmoon Bay, Stewart Island. Puerulus settlement on subtidal collectors shows great annual variation. Juvenile abundance, estimated from the number caught in annual diver collections, shows less variation. One‐year‐olds appear less vulnerable to diver sampling than older juveniles. Abundance of 2‐ and 3‐year‐olds is highly correlated with puerulus settlement 2 and 3 years previously. Survival between puerulus and 1+ stages appears to be density‐dependent, but survival of older juveniles does not. Size is inversely related to abundance in 3+ females but not in the other cohorts, suggesting density‐dependent growth between ages 2 and 3. Puerulus settlement rates and processes on shallow inshore reefs appear to be important in determining recruitment strength in this species. 相似文献
19.
Muscle samples were collected from 69 specimens identified as Pacific bluefin tuna (Thunnus orientalis) (Temminck and Schlegel, 1844) in the New Zealand Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) between 1990 and 2000. Identifications before 1996 were based on body size and colour of the caudal keel; later identifications were mostly based on the shape of abdominal cavity. The tissue samples were tested with a diagnostic mitochondrial DNA marker that distinguishes southern bluefin Thunnus maccoyii (Castelnau, 1872) and Pacific bluefin tuna T. orientalis; 59 specimens were confirmed as T. orientalis and 10 as T. maccoyii. Specimens recorded as Pacific bluefin tuna by the shape of the abdominal cavity were correctly identified as T. orientalis, and this character can be used to identify large specimens landed on tuna vessels. Some specimens recorded as Pacific bluefin tuna on the basis of colour and size were T. maccoyii; and early records of T. orientalis in New Zealand waters, based on these characters, are unreliable. Unusual colour patterns were reported in some specimens of T. orientalis but not T. maccoyii. The Pacific bluefin tuna T. orientalis accounted for less than 0.3% of the bluefin tuna catch in the New Zealand EEZ during the 1990s. 相似文献
20.
W. Skrzynski 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(4):688-697
Examination of available samples and of ecological knowledge of Galaxias burrowsius Phillipps (Galaxiidae) suggests that this species is confined to the Canterbury Plains and is now nearly extinct. Possible reasons for its decline are analysed and it is suggested that this decline may have started nearly 1,000 years ago with the changes in the climate‐vegetation pattern. It has been hastened by the recent drastic transformation of the environment by European settlers. Distribution and habitats of two other New Zealand mudfishes, Neochanna apoda and N. diversus (Galaxiidae) are related to those of G. burrowsius 相似文献