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1.
I. C. Duggan 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(4):825-829
The thiarid snail Melanoides tuberculata (Müller, 1774), native to the Middle East and East Africa, is recorded from the wild in New Zealand for the first time from a geothermally influenced stream at Golden Springs, near Taupo. Introduction was most likely the result of one or more releases from tropical aquaria, although the timing of release is uncertain. Specimens were collected at temperatures of 29.0 and 30.4°C, and survival at these sites is likely dependent on the elevated stream temperatures. The possible spread of this species to other habitats, and potential effects on native thermal water communities, are discussed. 相似文献
2.
Distribution, abundance, and habitat preferences of native fish were investigated down the length of a relatively pristine, medium‐sized, fourth‐order stream on Stewart Island, New Zealand. A limited fish fauna was recorded (six species), including three threatened large galaxiid species (Galaxias argenteus, Galaxias fasciatus, and Galaxias brevipinnis), which have restricted distributions on mainland New Zealand. Results indicated that these large galaxiids occupy diverse habitats including pools and backwaters within the mainstems of this stream. Their extensive distributions and wide habitat usage were attributed to factors such as the intact catchment vegetation, unmodified stream channel, and the absence of introduced fishes, particularly salmonids. Results suggest that some native species have been excluded from mainstem habitats elsewhere in New Zealand. It was also evident that interactions among the native species influenced habitat use; G. brevipinnis avoided backwaters, runs, and pools in reaches occupied by G. fasciatus and Anguilla dieffenbachii; whereas G. fasciatus appeared to avoid habitats occupied by G. argenteus and A dieffenbachii. Maximum densities and biomass of galaxiids and eels occurred in deepwater habitats (>0.75 m). Furthermore the fish inhabiting these deeper waters were larger and more likely to be female. These findings have significant implications for the design and application of sampling protocols for native New Zealand fishes and for the protection of their habitats. If deeper waters are not sampled then species, sex, and size biased data may result. 相似文献
3.
Frances B. Mjchaelis 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(2):357-373
The flora and fauna of Pupu Springs (40°51'S, 172° 46'E) and five other New Zealand cold springs are described. In Pupu Springs there are 16 species of algae, 10 species of bryophytes (including three species of liverworts), and 5 species of angiosperms. The fauna includes a phreatic form (an eyeless planarian, Dugesia sp.), a possible glacial relict (the caddis fly Rakiura vernale), and cold stenotherms (e.g., the caddis fly Psilochorema tautoru). The most abundant animals in the New Zealand springs are Mollusea, Crustacea, and’ larvae of Plecoptera, Diptera, and Trichoptera. Pupu Springs consist of five biotopes and associated biocoenoses. 相似文献
4.
The comparative limnology of some New Zealand lakes 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
V. Hilary Jolly 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(2):214-259
The morphometry, environmental conditions, and some physical and chemical data are given for twenty‐four New Zealand lakes: seven are in the southern part of the South Island, the others, excluding Lakes Waikaremoana and Waikareiti, are in the “thermal region” of the central North Island. These lakes form two separate groups and include the largest and deepest lakes in both islands. The lakes in which stratification was established were found to belong to the class known as warm monomictic Two lakes, Rotorua and Rotoehu, were found to be homothermous throughout the year. Open water surface temperatures did not exceed 23°c in the North Island lakes or 19°c in the South Island, and minimum temperatures recorded were 7°c in the northern lakes and 5°c in the southern. In deep lakes the range of temperature was much less: Wakutipu had a range of 16–8.85°c. The disappearance level of a Secchi disc varied from 18 m (Lake Taupo) to 0.8 m (Lake Rotongaio). The transparency of the water in the glacial and volcanic lakes was comparable to that of similar lakes in other parts of the world. It was found that total ions, measured by the ion‐exchange resins reached high concentrations in lakes fed by thermal waters: Rotomahana 14.32m.e./l. By contrast Tikitapu, a seepage lake, had the low concentration of. 0.28m.e./l, and Wakatipu, a glacial fed lake, a concentration of O.58m.e./1. The pH range was 8.1–5.8, the lowest value being in Tikitapu, a volcanic lake. Slightly lower pH values were recorded in the bottom waters of lakes when stratified. Lakes were usually supersaturated with oxygen at the surface, and only a few small lakes showed a hypolimnial deficiency. Silica and phosphate were found in high concentrations in some thermal lakes but nitrogen in the forms measured, was found to be low. 相似文献
5.
Enrichments of New Zealand geo‐thermal samples, initiated in anaerobic sulphur‐containing media and incubated at temperatures above 85°C, yielded rod and coccal shaped organisms which possessed archaebacterial characteristics. Pure cultures were isolated and characterised. Five of the seven isolates, which were rod‐shaped organisms and did not have an obligate requirement for sulphur respiration, were similar to Thermoproteus sp. but had more neutral pH optima for growth. Three of these five Thermoproteus sp. were obligate heterotrophs, which has not previously been reported. The two coccal isolates had an obligate requirement for sulphur as an electron acceptor and were similar to Desulfurococcus sp. but again with more neutral pH optima for growth. 相似文献
6.
M. J. Winterbourn 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(3):459-465
The distribution of algae and insects was examined in two hot spring outflow channels at Waimangu in the Rotorua thermal district. The upper temperature limit for algal growth was 68°c, with maximum biomass occurring at 59–62°c. Two species of Diptera were present on the algal mat, Ephydrella thermarum Dumbleton at 34–43°c and Chironomus cylindricus Freeman at 39–41°c. The composition and temperature relations of the community are similar to those found in thermal regions in other parts of the world. 相似文献
7.
Trevor G. Dix 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(2):363-374
Neopeltopsis pectinipes gen. et sp. nov. is described and figured from sublittoral marine algae at Wellington, New Zealand; the genus is an addition to the Peltidiidae Sars. The genus is compared with the other genera of the family, and a revised key is given to the genera of the Peltidiidae. 相似文献
8.
J. L. McKoy 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(3):263-275
Bankia neztalia was found in temperate waters around New Zealand, mainly south of New Plymouth and Tauranga. Bankia australis was found in warm‐temperate waters north of Nelson; it requires water temperatures above 19–20°c for successful breeding and is euryhaline. Lyrodus pedicellatus also occurred in warm‐temperate waters north of Nelson and had a lower water temperature limit for survival of about 10 °c. Lyrodus medilobatus occurred in warm‐temperate waters on the north‐east coast of the North Island north of Tauranga. Nototeredo edax is uncommon and occurred over the same range as B. australis. The presence of shipworms in wood collected from depths of greater than 50 m around New Zealand is reported. Teredora princesae is recorded from driftwood around New Zealand. 相似文献
9.
海洋微藻除菌及除菌与自然带菌微藻生长特点比较 总被引：10，自引：1，他引：9
于1995年4—12月在中国科学院海洋研究所进行微藻除菌及比较除菌与自然带菌微藻生长特点的研究。经平板培养排除霉菌后,利用组合抗生素(青霉素+卡那霉素+链霉素+庆大霉素)获得除菌球等鞭金藻、三角褐指藻及小球藻,对抗生素处理前后的微藻生长特点进行比较研究。结果表明,与未除菌时相比,除菌后的球等鞭金藻及小球藻不易老化(可保持良好悬浮30d以上);回加细菌于除菌藻,藻细胞下沉附底,说明细菌可促使微藻细胞老化。无维生素时,除菌后的球等鞭金藻生长更差,暗示未除菌的球等鞭金藻培养液内可能存在产(类)维生素细菌。除菌后三角褐指藻细胞形态发生一定变化,回加细菌后藻细胞形态有部分恢复。与未除菌时相比,除菌后三角褐指藻更能耐受高温(如30℃)。另外,某些抗生素能够刺激球等鞭金藻的生长。 相似文献
10.
Evechinus chloroticus (Val.) is known to be an important grazer of subtidal barren habitats in northern New Zealand but its role in structuring rocky reef communities at colder southern localities is poorly understood. The present study was prompted by a proposal for the establishment of an E. chloroticus fishery in Dusky Sound, Fiordland, New Zealand. To determine the ecological importance of E. chloroticus in Dusky Sound, sea urchins were experimentally removed from shallow fucoid fringe (upper zone), mid‐depth barrens (middle zone), and deeper algal meadow (lower zone), at eight sites and compared with a paired set of eight control sites. Two years of continuous removal of E. chloroticus resulted in conspicuous changes to the algal community at all depth zones examined. The density of fucoid algae (Carpophyllum spp., Sargassum spp., Cystophora spp., and Landsburgia quercifolia) increased mostly in the upper and middle zones, although smaller increases were also observed in the lower zone. Changes in cover of herbaceous, turfing and crustose algae observed in the middle and lower zones were larger than in the upper zone. Density increases of the kelp Ecklonia radiata were observed mainly in the lower zone, although still important in the middle zone. These results show that E. chloroticus can have a strong influence on the structure of algal assemblages in Dusky Sound hence the development of an E. chloroticus fishery in this area should be treated with caution. 相似文献
11.
Axiothella serrata n. sp. (Polychaeta: Maldanidae) is described and illustrated from intertidal sands of Porirua Harbour, New Zealand (41° 6′ S, 174° 52′ E). It has 22 setigerous segments, and lacks asetigerous preanal segments; the mid‐ventral anal cirrus is conspicuously lengthened. The species is compared with other Axiothella species. A. catalinia Hartman, 1969 is herein transferred to Maldanella. 相似文献
12.
W. C. Clark 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(3-4):427-452
Pycnogonida collected at the Antipodes Islands (49° 45’ S, 178° 45’ E) by the University of Canterbury Antipodes Islands Expedition 1969 and during New Zealand Oceanographic Institute cruises are reported on here, and constitute all material known for this group of animals from these islands. To date eight species are known; two are endemic, (Pallenopsis antipoda n.sp. and Ammothea antipodensis n.sp.); two constitute a circum‐polar element (Tanystylum cayi‐dorsum Stock and Austrodecus breviceps Gordon); the remaining four species are known also from New Zealand mainland waters (Pallenopsis obliqua (Thomson), P. kupei n.sp., Achelia dohrni (Thomson) and Ammothea magniceps Thomson), as is T. cavidorsum. An attempt is made to indicate the range of variation in Achelia dohrni, and Pallenopsis mauii Clark, 1958 is redescribed although not a part of the Antipodes Islands fauna. 相似文献
13.
Polychaete assemblages are described from replicate box‐core samples collected in summer 1983 at 18 stations on the continental shelf and upper slope (28–943 m) off the west coast of the South Island, New Zealand, south‐eastern Tasman Sea (c. 41–43°S, 169–172°E). Three main station groupings were identified by multivariate analysis: (1) inner shelf sandy stations characterised by Prionospio australiensis, Aricidea (Acesta) sp., Magelona cf. dakini, Paraprionospio aff. pinnata, Aglaophamus sp., Heteromastus filiformis, and Magelona sp.; (2) middle to outer shelf muddy stations characterised by Levinsenia cf. gracilis, Prionospio australiensis, Paraprionospio coora, Aglaophamus verrilli, and Auchenoplax mesos; and (3) upper slope sandy mud or mud stations characterised by Prionospio ehlersi. A combination of water depth and sediment clay content provided the best correlation with the biotic pattern. Spionidae was the most abundant family (49% of polychaete individuals), which may reflect the scope for opportunistic species in a shelf environment characterised by a high input of terrigenous sediment and episodic upwelling. 相似文献
14.
Brendan J. Hicks 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(5):651-664
Abstract Stable isotopes of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) were studied in 11 stream communities in the Waikato region of New Zealand. From comparisons of mean δ13C and δ15N values, food webs in the shaded, forest streams were clearly based on allochthonous material (conditioned leaf litter and terrestrial invertebrates). Autotrophs in forest streams were not a significant C source for the food webs. However, the C source of food webs in the unshaded pasture streams appeared to be a mixture of allochthonous and autochthonous material. Conditioned leaf litter appeared to contribute to the pasture stream food webs, and the δ13C and δ15N of some samples of epilithic diatoms indicated their consumption by invertebrates in pasture streams. Fish ate a wide range of aquatic invertebrates; longfinned eels (Anguilla dieffenbachii) and banded kokopu (Galaxias fasciatus) also had a large proportion of terrestrial invertebrates in their diet. Filamentous green algae were found only at pasture sites, where they were sometimes abundant. The wide range of δ13C values of filamentous green algae (‐18.8 to ‐29.7‰) complicated understanding of their role in the stream food webs. The δ13C values of Cladophora were related to water velocity, with more 13C‐enriched values in pools than in runs (‐23.2‰ in pools, mean velocity 0.12 m s?1; ‐28.1‰ in runs, mean velocity 0.24 m s?1). Crayfish and the gastropod mollusc Potamopyrgus appeared to be the only invertebrates to eat filamentous green algae. 相似文献
15.
Despite being endangered internationally and protected nationally, little consideration has been given to the occurrence of green turtles (Chelonia mydas) in New Zealand. New Zealand lies on the southern boundary of the distributional range of green turtles in the southwestern Pacific, with individuals found within these waters historically considered to be occasional visitors or stragglers incidentally carried by ocean currents. However, the present work shows that green turtles are present year round in New Zealand’s northern waters (c. 34°–38° S). A review of sighting, stranding and incidental capture data collected between 1895 and 2013 illustrate New Zealand’s green turtle population comprises post-pelagic immature juveniles to large subadults. The female:male sex ratio of 1.7:1 is similar to those reported from warm temperate foraging grounds in eastern Australia. A subsample of new recruits indicates green turtles recruit to neritic habitats at approximately 40.8?cm curved carapace length. This study suggests that New Zealand’s neritic habitats constitute a transitional developmental ground for post-pelagic immature green turtles. We observed an exponential increase in the number of documented records over time, though whether this is due to increased numbers of turtles or increased reporting rates, or both, is unclear and warrants further investigation. More broadly, this work provides a baseline understanding of the ecology of green turtles at the edge of their range, providing opportunities to investigate regional niche modelling and connectivity of this highly mobile species, while also monitoring broad-scale effects of climate-induced environmental change. 相似文献
16.
W. C. Clark 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(2):329-341
Eight species of Pycnogonida collected by University of Canterbury Expeditions and the New Zealand Oceanographic Institute are recorded from the Snares Islands, which lie at 48° 05’ S, 166° 20’ E, 60 miles SW of South Cape, Stewart Island. The following species are recorded: Pallenopsis obliqua (Thomson, 1884), Cheilopallene trappa n.sp., Ammothea magniceps Thomson, 1884, Achelia dohrni (Thomson, 1884), Tanystylum cavidorsum Stock, 1957, Ascorhynchus insularum n.sp., Austrodecus minutum n.sp. and Austrodecus enzoi n.sp. 相似文献
17.
Michel Dedual 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(4):809-814
The total lipid content of fry (25–30 mm) and parr (55–110 mm) of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Richardson 1836) was measured in spring 1996 and 1997 and in autumn 1997 in six trout‐rearing tributaries of Lake Taupo, New Zealand. The fat content of fry was variable between streams and some streams had a higher inter‐annual variation than others. The fat content of parr was also variable among streams but no difference could be found between seasons. The streams that produced fry with high fat content did not always produce parr with high fat content. 相似文献
18.
Distribution of Delphinidae (Cetacea) in relation to sea surface temperatures off Eastern and Southern New Zealand 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
D. E. Gaskin 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(3):527-534
Records of four species of Delphinidae, Delphinus delphis, Lissodelphis peroni, Lagenorhynchus obscurus, and Lagenorhynchus cruciger in waters to the east and south‐east of New Zealand are discussed in relation to surface temperatures. In this region D. delphis appears to be largely confined north of the Subtropical Convergence and a minimum surface temperature of about 14°c, and near New Zealand from Hawke Bay southward in the warm water of the East Cape Current; L. peroni to the Subtropical Convergence and the subantarctic water to the south of it, between surface temperatures of 9°c and 16°c; L. obscurus to the immediate vicinity of the Subtropical Convergence and surface temperatures in summer of about 14° to 15°c, and L. cruciger across the Antarctic Convergence region, in a surface temperature range of 2° to 9°c. 相似文献
19.
D. J. Forsyth 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(3):525-539
Abstract The water chemistry, flora, and fauna of Lake Rotokawa (38° 37.8’ S, 176° 11.2'E) was studied in 1975–76. The mean pH is 2.1 and thermal inflows may elevate the mean summer temperature of the surface waters 4.2°c above that of nearby cold water Lake Rotongaio (18.9°c). The temperature range of surface water was from 10.1 °c in winter to 23.1°c in summer. The major anions were SO4 2? 679 g.m?3, and Cl‐ 314 g.m?3. Mean concentrations of major cations were Na+ 224 g.m?3, K+ 28.9 g.m?3, Ca2+ 13.3 g.m?3, and Mg2+ 2.6 g.m?3. Two species of flagellate algae were recorded, of which Euglena anabaena was predominant. Only two benthic macroinvertebrates were found, larvae of Chironomus zealandicus, mean density 253 per square metre, and Helobdella sp., 1.3 per square metre. The Parariki Stream was influenced by thermal springs in its upper and lower reaches, being cooler (24–25°c) about halfway along its length than near its source (27.8–39.0°c) or confluence (26.5°‐28.0°c) with the Waikato River. In the cooler stretch of the stream where unidentified benthic algae were not limited by high temperature, chlorophyll and total pigment increased from 3.9 to 377.9 mg.m?3 and from 17.5 to 534.4 mg.m?3 respectively, and nutrient levels fell (NO3‐N, 22–10.5 mg.m?3; NH4‐N, 6440–230 mg.m?3; and PO4‐P, 51–19 mg.m?3). 相似文献