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1.
Geochemical and grain size analysis on the DQ (Dongqi) profile from Gonghe Basin, northeastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, indicates that regional climate has experienced several cold-dry and warm-wet cycles since the last glacial maximum (LGM). The cold and dry climate dominated the region before 15.82 cal. ka B.P. due to stronger winter monsoon and weaker summer monsoon, but the climate was relatively cold and wetter prior to 21 cal. ka B.P.. In 15.82–9.5 cal. ka B.P., summer monsoon strength increased and winter monsoon tended to be weaker, implying an obvious warm climate. Specifically, the relatively cold and dry condition appeared in 14.7–13.7 cal. ka B.P. and 12.1–9.5 cal. ka B.P., respectively, while relatively warm and wet in 13.7–12.1 cal. ka B.P.. The winter and summer monsoonal strength presents frequent fluctuations in the Holocene and relatively warm and wet conditions emerged in 9.5–7.0 cal. ka B.P. due to stronger summer monsoon. From 7.0 to 5.1 cal. ka B.P., the cycle of cold-dry and warm-wet climate corresponds to frequent fluctuations of winter and summer monsoons. The climate becomes warm and wet in 5.1–2.7 cal. ka B.P., accompanying increased summer monsoon, but it tends to be cold and dry since 2.7 cal. ka B.P. due to enhanced winter monsoonal strength. In addition, the evolution of regional winter and summer monsoons is coincident with warm and cold records from the polar ice core. In other words, climatic change in the Gonghe Basin can be considered as a regional response to global climate change. 相似文献
2.
The degradation of permafrost stability in China over the past 30 years is evaluated using a new, high-resolution near-surface air temperature reanalysis dataset. Results show that the permafrost extent clearly decreased by 22% from 1980 to 2010, that is, a loss of 12.684;104 km2. The degradation occurred not only in the transition regions between permafrost and seasonally frozen ground, but also and more importantly, in the interior of the permafrost regions. The degradation in the interior of permafrost regions accounted for 87% of the total degraded areas. The degradation occurred mainly during the 1980s to 1990s in the northeast permafrost area and the Qilian Mountains, and during the 1990s to 2000s in most areas of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP). This degradation will have systemic impacts on engineered infrastructures in permafrost regions, the water balance, and the global carbon budget. A more robust physical model should be used to evaluate the permafrost thermal stability at finer resolution in the future. 相似文献
3.
Large amounts of ground ice are born with permafrost on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.Degradation of permafrost resulted from the climate warming will inevitably lead to melting of ground ice.The water released from the melting ground ice enters hydrologic cycles at various levels,and changes regional hydrologic regimes to various degrees.Due to difficulties in monitoring the perma-frost-degradation-release-water process,direct and reliable evidence is few.The accumulative effect of releasing water,however,is remarkable in the macro-scale hydrologic process.On the basis of the monitoring results of water-levels changes in some lakes on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,and combined with the previous results of the hydrologic changing trends at the regional scale,the authors preliminarily discussed the possibilities of the degrading permafrost on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau as a potential water source during climate warming. 相似文献
4.
青藏高原全新世降水序列的集成重建 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
青藏高原全新世降水变化对于过去全球变化研究有重要意义。在过去全球变化研究中, 大尺度区域降水序列重建缺乏可行、有效的方法, 本文以青藏高原作为研究区, 构建了分区古降水空间模拟－多区面积加权的集成方法, 重建全新世青藏高原降水序列。本研究以孢粉为环境证据, 选取有空间代表性的10 条由孢粉重建的高原样点降水序列, 获得716 条具有年代的定量降水记录, 建立全新世古降水记录数据集。借助GIS分析, 基于现代高原降水空间分布的地理因子模拟, 并与古降水记录相集成, 定量重建了高原全新世200 年分辨率的降水序列。结果显示:早全新世高原降水迅速增多, 并在9.0 kaBP达到极大值500 mm, 较现代高170 mm;9.0~5.6 kaBP是旺盛的湿润期, 降水总体比现代高出80 mm, 但呈现明显的下降趋势;5.6 kaBP以来降水减少, 降水与现代相当, 但波动幅度较小;集成序列与其他高低分辨率环境记录有很好的可比性, 说明集成序列有很好的代表性和一定的准确性。 相似文献
5.
6.
准确获取青藏高原地表反照率的季节变化特征对高原地表能水循环研究具有重要意义。本文利用青藏高原多年冻土区西大滩和唐古拉2007年的气象及辐射数据,运用相关分析方法研究了太阳高度角、积雪及活动层冻融过程对地表反照率变化的影响。结果显示:冷暖季降雪过程中地表反照率的变化差异较明显;地表无积雪覆盖期间,地表反照率与气温和表层土壤含水量呈反相关关系。利用多元回归分析法构建了以积雪日数和气温为影响因子的月均地表反照率计算回归方程,经检验与观测值对比平均相对误差为7.1%,可用于青藏高原北部地表反照率的估算。 相似文献
7.
According to the glacial landforms and deposits with the optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating results, two glacial stages of the last glacial cycle (LGC) and Late Glacial were identified. The Late Glacial stage (Meteorological Station glacier advance) took place about 11 ka (11.3±1.2 ka), and the last glacial maximum (LGM), named Black Wind Mouth glacier advance, occurred at 20 ka (20.0±2.1 ka). Based on the Ohmura’s formula in which there is a relationship between summer (JJA) atmospheric temperature (T) and the annual precipitation (P) at ELA, the present theoretical equilibrium line altitude (ELAt) in Changbai Mountains was 3380±100 m. Six methods of accumulation–area ratio (AAR), maximum elevation of lateral moraines (MELM), toe–to headwall altitude ratios (THAR), the terminal to summit altitudinal (TSAM), the altitude of cirque floor (CF), and the terminal to average elevation of the catchment area (Hofer) were used for calculation of the former ELAs in different stages. These methods provided the ELA for a range of 2250–2383 m with an average value of 2320±20 m during the LGM, which is 200 m higher than the value of previous investigation. The snowlines during the Late Glacial are 2490 m on northern slope, and 2440 m on western slope. The results show that the snowline on northern slope is 50 m higher than that on western slope during the Late Glacial, and the average snowline is 2465m. The ELA △ values were more than 1000 m during the LGM, and about 920 m lower than now during the Late Glacial stage respectively. Compared with Taiwanese and Japanese mountains in East Asia during the LGM, the effect of the uplift on ELA in Changbai Mountains during the glaciations (i.e. 20 m uplift in the LGM and 11 m in the Late Glacial) is not obvious. 相似文献
8.
螺髻山地处青藏高原东南缘,是确切存在第四纪古冰川遗迹的典型山地之一,该区冰川地貌演化对于研究环境变化具有重要的科学意义。螺髻山东坡清水沟保存两套古冰川槽谷,分别为上槽谷和下槽谷,其中下槽谷保存完整,而上槽谷在3450~3600 m的阴坡部分出现缺失。采用野外地貌调查与模型分析相结合的方法,对冰川槽谷地貌进行分析,结果表明:清水沟槽谷的抛物线模型中,|A|值在1.3101~15.2064 之间变动,B 值变化于0.9695~3.2965 之间,且随着海拔由高到低,都存在着先变小后变大的规律,A、B值同时反映出在海拔3450~3600 m处冰川槽谷的演化不符合常态。分析认为岩性差异和河流溯源侵蚀是影响上槽谷形态的主要原因。对保存在清水沟上下槽谷内的高、低侧碛进行ESR年代测定,结果显示:高侧碛形成于58-84 ka BP左右的末次冰期早期,对应深海氧同位素4 阶段(MIS4);低侧碛形成于13-17 ka BP,属于于全球末次冰盛期晚期的产物。两次冰川作用分别塑造出两套冰川槽谷,即在末次冰期早期冰川作用形成上槽谷,末次冰期晚期形成下槽谷。 相似文献
9.
According to the glacial landforms and deposits with the optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating results, two glacial
stages of the last glacial cycle (LGC) and Late Glacial were identified. The Late Glacial stage (Meteorological Station glacier
advance) took place about 11 ka (11.3±1.2 ka), and the last glacial maximum (LGM), named Black Wind Mouth glacier advance,
occurred at 20 ka (20.0±2.1 ka). Based on the Ohmura’s formula in which there is a relationship between summer (JJA) atmospheric
temperature (T) and the annual precipitation (P) at ELA, the present theoretical equilibrium line altitude (ELAt) in Changbai Mountains was 3380±100 m. Six methods of accumulation-area ratio (AAR), maximum elevation of lateral moraines
(MELM), toe-to headwall altitude ratios (THAR), the terminal to summit altitudinal (TSAM), the altitude of cirque floor (CF),
and the terminal to average elevation of the catchment area (Hofer) were used for calculation of the former ELAs in different
stages. These methods provided the ELA for a range of 2250–2383 m with an average value of 2320±20 m during the LGM, which
is 200 m higher than the value of previous investigation. The snowlines during the Late Glacial are 2490 m on northern slope,
and 2440 m on western slope. The results show that the snowline on northern slope is 50 m higher than that on western slope
during the Late Glacial, and the average snowline is 2465m. The ΔELA values were more than 1000 m during the LGM, and about
920 m lower than now during the Late Glacial stage respectively. Compared with Taiwanese and Japanese mountains in East Asia
during the LGM, the effect of the uplift on ELA in Changbai Mountains during the glaciations (i.e. 20 m uplift in the LGM
and 11 m in the Late Glacial) is not obvious.
Foundation: National Natural Science Foundation of China, No.40571016
Author: Zhang Wei (1969–), Ph.D and Professor, specialized in Quaternary environment and climate geomorphology. 相似文献
10.
根据广西北部山地泥炭沼泽沉积的有机碳同位素组成、TOC和C/N等古气候指标对末次盛冰期以来该区植被与气候演变过程进行研究,结果发现：末次盛冰期（21―14 cal. ka B.P.）偏正的δ13Corg数据反映了山地植被面貌曾发生显著变化,指示冰期气候的冷干变化,但并未导致山地森林向地带性草地退化,C3植物仍占优势。沉积物岩性和TOC等数据表明：在14―10 cal. ka B.P.期间沼泽湿地逐渐形成,指示了东亚夏季风降雨的增强,与石笋指示的季风增强起始年代基本一致。冰消期碳同位素曲线负偏的变化要早于TOC指示的泥炭沼泽堆积,即10―9 cal. ka B.P.前后富有机质的泥炭堆积进入旺盛期。碳同位素组成在9―8 cal. ka B.P.存在一个正偏的变化波动,可能与8.2 ka降温事件或局地物源输入变化有关。7.0―2.8 cal. ka B.P.期间古田湿地的有机质输入较高,碳同位素偏负,指示气候暖湿。从1.7 cal. ka B.P.至今,δ13Corg值的再次正偏可能指示夏季风强度减弱,但考虑到该阶段为人类农业活动快速发展期,因此不排除人为因素的影响。此外,末次盛冰期广西山地与雷州半岛沿海低地的碳同位素值对比发现：沿海平原区与华南山地的沉积记录存在明显差别,其主要原因是山区因山地降雨效应使山区的湿度即便在盛冰期也能保持较高水平;而低地平原冰期阶段的降雨则显著减少,加上平原区较高的蒸发量使干旱程度增加,C4草本也相应增多。实际上,影响亚热带山地沼泽δ13Corg值变化的原因比较复杂,在利用δ13Corg值推论古气候时需要同时考虑气候因素和湿地沉积体的物源及其地貌环境等背景。 相似文献
11.
Late Pleistocene glaciation of the Hulifang Massif of Gongwang mountains in Yunnan Province 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Late Pleistocene glaciation was restricted to only a few high mountains in eastern China. The Gongwang mountains constitute one of the typical places once glaciated. Geomorphic mapping of the area and the TL dating provides evidence for at least four distinct glaciations. YJT-I glacial advance occurred about 100 ka BP and two TL absolute ages (101,100 ±7780 a BP; 104,000±8300 a BP) indicate this advance happened during the Penultimale Glaciation. The early stage glacial advance (YJT-II advance) during the last glaciation occurred about 40,920±3400 a BP. The last glacial maximum advance (YJT-III advance) about 18-25 ka BP, which sustained by two TL ages (18,230 ±1420 a BP; 25,420 ±2110 a BP). The Penultimale and the early stage glaciations were more extensive and the last glacial maximum (LGM) and the late-glacial period (YJT-IV advance, 10 ka BP) were progressively less extensive. Correlated with the other mountains in eastern China, these glacial advances in the Gongwang mountains just like the advances in the western part such as Diancang mountains, Yulong mountains of Yunnan Province and the glacier series are more complete than the adjacent mid-latitude regions such as Taibai mountain and Taiwan mountains and are roughly representative of climate changes during the last glacial cycle in Yunnan Province. 相似文献
12.
Because of the global warming and the increasing human activity, the air temperature and the precipitation along the Qinghai-Tibet Railway increased gradually in recent years, which endanger the permafrost table, the embankment of the railway. The statistics of the air temperature, the precipitation and the geothermal temperature in recent 50 years in this dissertation come from the four weather station along the railway, that are Wudaoliang Station, Fenghuo Mountains Station, Tuotuo River Station and Ando Station. This dissertation analyzes the change of climate along the railway and then develops a research on the effect of the changing geothermal temperature on permafrost table and its countermeasures. The experiment result shows that the air temperature of the permafrost region rise steadily in about 50 years, especially in this century, the tendency of rising temperature is more obvious. The precipitation fluctuates but it is also rising rapidly, for the largest precipitation reached 492.6 mm. For 30 years now, the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau has been in the megathermal period, which also affects the permafrost region along the railway. The condition of permafrost is degrading greatly. 相似文献
13.
末次盛冰期以来青藏高原东北部共和盆地冬夏季风演化记录 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
对青藏高原东北部共和盆地冬其剖面的化学元素与粒度分析表明,末次盛冰期以来区域冬夏季风总体上呈现此消彼长的关系,气候出现多次冷干-暖湿旋回。15.82 ka BP之前冬季风最强,夏季风最弱,为末次盛冰期时的冷干气候,但21 ka BP之前气候可能寒冷偏湿。15.82~9.5 ka BP夏季风明显增强,冬季风衰弱,气候明显转暖,其中老仙女木时期（14.7~13.7 a BP）和新仙女木时期（12.1~9.5 ka BP）气候相对冷干,而B-A时期（13.7~12.1 ka BP）气候相对暖湿。全新世以来冬夏季风出现多次波动,9.5~7.0 ka BP夏季风相对较强,气候相对暖湿;7.0~5.1 ka BP冬夏季风强弱交替频繁,气候出现冷干-暖湿旋回;5.1~2.7 ka BP夏季风总体较强,气候温暖湿润;2.7 ka BP 之后冬季风明显增强,气候趋于冷干。此外,区域冬夏季风演变过程与极地冰芯记录的冷暖事件大体一致,可以认为共和盆地气候变化是全球气候变化的区域响应。 相似文献
14.
干旱区春季强降水对安排春耕播种生产、缓解风沙危害和春旱、净化空气质量、改善生态环境和促进农作物生长具有十分重要的意义。以1953-2015年民勤春季3-5月降水为背景,针对2001-2015年春季日降水量≥5 mm强降水天气过程,综合运用地面、高空和云图等气象资料,以及NCEP再分析资料,通过12个春季典型干湿年对比分析,得出春季强降水过程的气候特征和成因。1953-2015年民勤春季强降水日数和降水量呈增加趋势,过程特点是降水时间长,集中在上午,多为连续降水。新疆至河西冷空气东移南下,与青藏高原低值系统、深厚湿层共同影响,生成高原云系发展北抬造成民勤春季强降水。春季强降水的发生,与欧亚纬向气流、高原低槽和东亚大槽的强度密切相关。预报关注重点是西北冷空气、高原天气系统和云系、偏南气流水汽输送。 相似文献
15.
基于改进土壤冻融水循环的Biome-BGC模型估算青藏高原草地NPP 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Biome-BGC模型被广泛用于估算植被净初级生产力（Net Primary Productivity, NPP）,但是该模型未考虑冻土区土壤冻融水循环过程对植被生长的影响。本文基于Biome-BGC模型,改进冻土区活动层土壤冻融水循环,估算了2000—2018年青藏高原高寒草地NPP。通过比较原模型和改进后的模型,并对NPP模拟结果的时空特征进行了分析,结果表明：① 增加冻融循环提高了NPP估算精度,青藏高原草地NPP均值由114.68 gC/(m2·a)提高到128.02 gC/(m2·a)。② 原模型和改进后NPP的空间分布差异较大,时间变化趋势差异不明显。③ 青藏高原草地NPP总量为253.83 TgC/a,呈东南向西北递减的空间格局,年均增速为0.21gC/(m2·a)（P=0.023）,显著增加的占17.85%,主要分布在羌塘高寒草原地带的大部分地区和藏南山地灌木草原地带的西部。④ 该冻融水循环改进方法简单可靠,具有在其他多年冻土区推广的价值。 相似文献
16.
青藏高原地气温差变化分析 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5
利用青藏高原及其临近区域的99个气象站1960~2000年地表温度和气温资料, 利用主成分分析和功率谱分析方法, 分析了青藏高原地气温差的空间分布及时间演变特征。结果表明：青藏高原地气温差6月份最大,12月份最小。青藏高原冷、暖季和年均的地气温差空间分布前三个载荷向量场大致可表现三种分布型：西北-东南反向变化型、地形海拔反映型、冻土分布反映型;载荷所对应的时间演变型：单调上升、单调下降型、基本平稳型和具有极小值的下凹抛物线型。高原地气温差的周期振荡在不同区域的显著性不同,普遍出现的是2年左右的周期。依据温差冷季第三主分量载荷的空间分布型,可将高原划分为两大区,即多年冻土影响气温区和季节冻土影响气温区。 相似文献
17.
云南东北部拱王山末次冰期 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
1 Introduction The Gongwang mountains constitute one of the few high m ountains of irrefutable late Pleistocene glaciation in eastern China. This area is one of the m ost extensively studied Quaternary geologicallocationsin eastern China and the interpret… 相似文献
18.
青藏高原地气温差变化及空间分布 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
The difference between ground soil and air temperature （Ts-Ta） was studied by using the data of ground and air temperature of 99 stations over the Qinghai-Xizang （Tibet） Plateau from 1960 to 2000,and its spatial distribution and time changing tendency have been diagnosed by principal component analysis and power spectral analysis methods. The results show that the values of （Ts-Ta） are the maximum in June and the minimum in December. The first three loading eigenvectors, which reflect the main spatially anomalous structure of （Ts-Ta） over the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau, contain the contrary changing pattern between the northwestern and the southeastern regions, the pattern response of the sea level elevation and the geography, and the pattern response of the distribution of the permafrost. There are four patterns of time evolution including the patterns of monotonous increasing or decreasing trends, the basic stability pattern and the parabola pattern with the minimum value. （Ts-Ta） has a periodic variation about 2 years. According to the spatial distribution of the third loading eigenvectors of （Ts-Ta） over the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau in cold season, the permafrost response region and the seasonal frozen ground response region are identified. 相似文献
19.
The difference between ground soil and air temperature (Ts-Ta) was studied by using the data of ground and air temperature of 99 stations over the Qinghai–Xizang (Tibet) Plateau from 1960 to 2000,and its spatial distribution and time changing tendency have been diagnosed by principal component analysis and power spectral analysis methods. The results show that the values of (Ts-Ta) are the maximum in June and the minimum in December. The first three loading eigenvectors, which reflect the main spatially anomalous structure of (Ts-Ta) over the Qinghai–Xizang Plateau, contain the contrary changing pattern between the north-western and the southeastern regions, the pattern response of the sea level elevation and the geography, and the pattern response of the distribution of the permafrost. There are four patterns of time evolution including the patterns of monotonous increasing or decreasing trends, the basic stability pattern and the parabola pattern with the minimum value. (Ts-Ta) has a periodic variation about 2 years. According to the spatial distribution of the third loading eigenvectors of (Ts-Ta) over the Qinghai–Xizang Plateau in cold season, the permafrost re-sponse region and the seasonal frozen ground response region are identified. 相似文献
20.
近30年来青藏高原西大滩多年冻土变化 总被引：32，自引：1，他引：31
结合1975年已有勘探资料,对青藏高原多年冻土北界西大滩进行了雷达勘探。勘探发现,近30年来青藏高原多年冻土北界发生较大规模的多年冻土退化,多年冻土面积从1975年的160.5 km2退化成现在的141.0 km2,缩小约12%;开始出现多年冻土的最低高程为4 385 m,比1975年升高了25 m。近30年来研究区的气候变化是造成北界多年冻土退化的主要原因。相同气候背景下,多年冻土腹部地温有升高,但在30年尺度上不会发生明显的退化。本次冻土区域调查的结果可为检验冻土－气候关系模型的可靠与否提供依据。 相似文献