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时间域电磁响应的正演计算多是由频率域响应经逆Laplace变换而得到.逆Laplace变换的计算精度和效率是时间域电磁响应计算中方法选择的重要指标.论文分析了几种逆Laplace变换的算法机制,并优选出Talbot算法计算了水平电偶源层状模型的时间域电磁响应.逆Laplace变换常用的算法有折线法、数字滤波算法和Gaver-Stehfest算法(简称G-S算法).折线法需要精细地确定分割步长以提高精度,数字滤波算法系数很多,适应频率范围受计算问题所限,而G-S算法受计算机字长和问题对象的影响大.本文在64位计算平台中计算比较了G-S算法、Euler算法和Talbot算法的节点数对于精度的影响,发现Talbot算法受节点数影响小,计算精度高,适应频率范围宽.最后利用21点Talbot算法计算了水平电偶源轴向偶极装置均匀大地模型径向电场的阶跃响应和冲激响应,计算精度及响应时间范围均优于G-S算法.计算了水平电偶源赤道偶极装置均匀大地模型垂直磁场的阶跃响应和冲激响应,冲激响应峰值时刻对于电阻率的变化响应灵敏,与轴向偶极径向电场响应能力相当,但垂直磁场随收发距增大,衰减较快.根据层状模型阶跃响应晚期渐近值计算的视电阻率,水平电偶源轴向偶极径向电场有能力发现大埋深高阻或低阻薄层,收发距应大于中间目标层埋深的5~6倍方可完整探测,类似的,采用水平电偶源赤道偶极装置测量垂直磁场也能达到与之相当的探测能力.计算结果证实了21点Talbot算法适应不同地电模型、不同观测方式的时间域电磁响应计算. 相似文献
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瞬变电磁法是重建地下电阻率等电性结构的重要方法.传统磁性源和电性源瞬变电磁法主要观测横电极化场,横电极化场仅对良导目标敏感,对高阻目标的分辨能力有限.横磁极化场对高阻目标具有较强的分辨能力,但未得到有效利用.双线源瞬变电磁法可以增强观测电场中横磁极化场的占比,但对该方法的响应特征和分辨能力缺乏系统性的研究.为此,本文以双线源为例开展瞬变电磁横磁场响应特征与分辨能力分析.双线源瞬变电磁水平电场的响应强度要小于传统接地导线源,在发射源的中垂线上,层状大地模型的响应为零,观测的水平电场响应只能由地下的三维目标体产生.分别提取双线源和传统接地导线源激发电磁场中的横磁场和横电场,双线源瞬变电磁场中的横磁场占比要大于传统接地导线源,特别是在中晚期,横磁场远大于横电场,横磁场占比得到明显增强.通过均方根差和三维数值模拟的计算,双线源瞬变电磁水平电场显示出相较于传统接地导线源更强的高阻目标分辨能力,特别是在赤道向,水平电场对高阻目标分辨能力的增强效果更加明显. 相似文献
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瞬变电磁场的直接时域数值分析 总被引：44，自引：9，他引：35
为了深入了解瞬变电磁场的勘探原理,直接在时间域对负阶跃脉冲激发的二维瞬态场进行了数值分析.采用的方法是从反映电磁场基本规律的麦克斯韦方程组出发,导出时域电场的齐次扩散方程,对所研究的空间区域作差分离散,源作为初始条件加入,利用准静态近似处理空中边界,然后进行时间的逐步递推,由此展现瞬变电磁场在地下扩散随时间发展的全过程.通过模拟计算不同时刻瞬态电场在地下的分布形态及地面上感生电动势相应的变化,揭示了低阻异常体对感应涡流的聚集作用,低阻覆盖层对瞬变场扩散的减速作用,及瞬变场的延时效应.因此,瞬变电磁法对低阻体是敏感的,有上覆低阻层时探测同样的深度需要较长的时间,而延时效应瞬变场的晚期时段可反映埋藏较浅的异常体. 相似文献
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电性源短偏移距瞬变电磁法(SOTEM)是目前研究和应用较为广泛的一种人工源时间域电磁法工作装置,对深部资源地球物理精细探测具有一定的实际意义.为了深入理解方法内涵并更好地进行推广应用,本文基于电性源瞬变电磁一维正演理论,研究了SOTEM地下感应电流扩散、多分量电磁响应平面分布、多偏移距衰减等特性,然后根据上述特性研究了SOTEM的最佳观测区域.研究结果表明:电性源在地下可以产生水平和垂直两个方向的感应电流.其中,水平感应电流又分为上部水平感应电流和下部水平感应电流(又称作返回电流),水平感应电流的极大值主要集中于发射源附近并垂直向下扩散;垂直感应电流极大值沿与地面呈45°角的方向向下、向外扩散,并且具有较低的振幅和较快的扩散速度.电性源激发的六个方向的电磁场分量都具有一定的探测能力,但是考虑到地面观测的方便性和各分量的传播、分布特点,大多数情况仅利用垂直磁场分量Hz(B/t)和水平电场分量Ex.其中,Hz仅对低阻目标体敏感,且敏感区域位于赤道向区域,并集中在发射源附近;Ex既对低阻体敏感也对高阻体敏感,对低阻体的敏感区域位于赤道向区域,而对高阻体的敏感区域位于轴向区域,并且敏感区域距发射源的距离与目标体埋深和围岩电性有关. 相似文献
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正演是电磁法勘探野外工作参数选取、室内资料处理与解释的基础,精确、稳定、高效的三维正演算法尤为重要.本文采取先求解拉普拉斯域电场、再由Gaver-Stehfest算法获得时间域磁场的思路,基于电场异常场Helmholtz方程实现了交错网格有限差分法和有限体积法对回线源瞬变电磁法的三维正演.通过对比低阻块状体的积分方程法、时域有限差分法、矢量有限单元法和SLDM法的数值解,验证了交错网格有限差分法和有限体积法的正确性.由于交错网格有限差分法、有限体积法和基于矩形块单元的矢量有限单元法将待求电场均定义在矩形块单元棱边上,因此三种数值算法可采用相同方法进行电场待求量编码、计算背景场和后处理.然而,与矢量有限单元法相比,交错网格有限差分法和有限体积法的系数矩阵更加稀疏,求解效率更高.通过对水平低阻板状体三维模型的数值模拟,我们发现本研究中交错网格有限差分法比有限体积法精度更高;再利用一维解析法求解相应三层层状地电模型的感应电动势,我们还发现两种数值算法和一维解析法计算的感应电动势等值线形状吻合程度高,只是数值范围略有差异. 相似文献
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《地球物理学进展》2016,(1)
本文根据均匀介质中时间域麦克斯韦方程组,应用伪谱法模拟三维全空间瞬变电磁场的扩散.将电磁场的六分量整理成统一的方程,通过初值条件替代源项将源响应问题转化为初值问题.使用快速傅里叶变换近似空间偏导数,应用切比雪夫多项式近似演化算子来求解方程.通过与全空间均匀介质瞬态线源响应的解析解的比较,验证伪谱法的有效性.计算和分析不同时刻全空间均匀介质中高阻体和低阻体的响应,说明瞬变电磁法对高阻体灵敏度不高,但能较好的分辨低阻体的特点,并反映出时间域伪谱法的优点,即可以连续地计算出电磁场扩散及与低阻体的响应过程.最后讨论伪谱法未来可能应用于矿井瞬变电磁和海底瞬变电磁等领域. 相似文献
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地空电磁法已经成为深部资源勘探的重要地球物理方法,但对频率域地空系统的三维多源电磁响应特征研究较少.本文设计了多种激励源组合方式,采用非结构化有限元数值模拟方法,对三维地电模型的空中垂直磁场的响应特征进行了研究.首先推导了基于电场的双旋度公式及其变分形式,加入罚项以减少伪解的影响.接着把有限元稀疏矩阵方程转换为频率的函数,采用Krylov子空间投影方法,通过模型降阶算法降低稀疏矩阵的阶数,实现多频点的快速计算.建立了三维低阻体模型、高阻体模型以及两个相邻低阻体模型,分别采用单源、双源、三源和四源激励模式,从垂直磁场的总场、二次场响应和全域视电阻率等方面进行分析比较.结果表明:多源地空电磁法不仅可以增加总场的强度,而且可以改变异常体的二次电磁响应分布规律.各电偶源延长线呈正三角形分布的三源和矩形分布的四源激励模式在增强信号强度以及削弱异常体的边界效应方面具有一定的优势,是一种优化的多源激励方式. 相似文献
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海洋可控源电磁法(mCSEM)的时间域冲激响应特征可以反映海底油气高阻薄层.本文计算了水平电偶极子源均匀大地半空间,海洋均匀双半空间和海洋四层模型的阶跃响应和冲激响应,提出了瞬变冲激时刻的概念.分析了水平电偶源瞬变冲激时刻与介质电导率的指示关系.对于海底油气高阻薄层宜采用多偏移距同时测量方式,由于在低电导率介质中电磁能量传播得要快,在适当的收发距瞬变冲激时刻会提前到达,提出的瞬变冲激时刻道间变化量可以明确指示高阻薄层的存在及埋深.文中还分析了海水深度对瞬变冲激时刻的影响.由于“天波”干扰,瞬变冲激响应受到一定收发距观测的限制.消除 “天波”影响是时间域和频率域mCSEM数据处理的研究热点. 相似文献
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对频率域无限长线源近区(过渡区)测深的理论基础进行了探索性研究。通过计算均匀半空间、层状介质等多个模型的线源响应,进而定义并计算全区视电阻率。结果发现,利用水平电场、垂直磁场分别计算的全区视电阻率均能较好地反映地下电性结构的变化。把水平磁场与水平电场联合通过二分搜索算法计算的全区视电阻率也能较好地反映地下电性结构的变化。在近区通过单分量定义的全区视电阻率与一维MT曲线吻合得很好,因此可以用成熟的MT反演技术来进行线源近区电磁资料的反演,从而把有源的问题转化到无源的问题。这初步表明频率域线源近区(过渡区)测深是可行的,但还有一些问题需要解决。 相似文献
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The possibility of using piezoelectric hydrophones for recording very-low-frequency wave fields is considered. A transducer of seismoacoustic fields with periods over 100 s has been developed and tested. 相似文献
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Charged particle motion in magnetoactive plasma with an axially symmetric electrostatic field has been studied. It has been indicated that a difference between drift velocities of electrons and ions leads to a magnetic field disturbance. The equations for stationary magnetic field disturbances stretched along the magnetic field, which can be magnetic ducts for propagation of whistlers, have been obtained. The possibility of formation of such ducts by electrostatic fields from thunderstorm sources, penetrating into the ionosphere, has been estimated. 相似文献
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Summary The angle between the total geomagnetic field direction and the axial dipole field direction was computed for the whole of the Earth's surface for the epoch 1945. It was supposed that the dipole field exerts a latitude-dependent influence on the surface manifestation of the non-dipole field. A modifying function of latitude was estimated to eliminate this influence. The isolines of the resulting quantity were plotted. 相似文献
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文采用球坐标下2.5维理想MHD模型,对日球子午面内方位磁场扰动的传播进行数值模拟,重点分析它对行星际磁场螺旋角的影响. 本文认为,观测到的行星际磁场螺旋角大于Parker模型的预言值,是太阳表面不断向行星际发出同向方位磁场扰动的结果;太阳较差自转在太阳内部产生的方位磁场为这类扰动提供了源头. 模拟结果表明,采用持续时间等于周期的十分之一、扰动幅度为103nT量级的正向方位磁场扰动,就可使1 AU处行星际磁场的螺旋角增加2°左右,与有关观测结果相符. 模拟结果还表明,上述方位磁场扰动对日球子午面内的太阳风特性和磁场位形的影响基本上可以忽略. 相似文献
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为探讨地球磁场的形成机理,应用经典电磁理论以微分的思维方式建立起三种自激发电机模型,用球形自激发电机模型简明地描述地球磁场的形成和分布;从分析地轴参考系中相对于自转地球静止的电荷间洛仑兹力的特点以及地球上的电荷在地球电场和地球磁场作用下的漂移规律,阐述中心磁场的形成及反转机理;分析电荷相对于地球的漂移以阐述偏磁场的形成.理论分析表明:地球上每一点的磁场都可以看成是由该点的几个分磁场叠加而成;地球具有自身的电场;地球电场与地球磁场同时产生、同时变化,且都源自于地球的自转和地球上正负电荷的非对等分布. 相似文献
17.
Lowes (1966, 1974) has introduced the function Rn defined by are the coefficients of a spherical harmonic expansion of the scalar potential of the geomagnetic field at the Earth's surface. The mean squared value of the magnetic field B = ??V on a sphere of radius r > α is given by is the Earth's radius. We refer to Rn as the spherical harmonic spatial power spectrum of the geomagnetic field.In this paper it is shown that Rn = RMn = RCn where the components RnM due to the main (or core) field and RnC due to the crustal field are given approximately by . The two components are approximately equal for n = 15.Lowes has given equations for the core and crustal field spectra. His equation for the crustal field spectrum is significantly different from the one given here. The equation given in this paper is in better agreement with data obtained on the POGO spacecraft and with data for the crustal field given by Alldredge et al. (1963).The equations for the main and crustal geomagnetic field spectra are consistent with data for the core field given by Peddie and Fabiano (1976) and data for the crustal field given by Alldredge et al. The equations are based on a statistical model that makes use of the principle of equipartition of energy and predicts the shape of both the crustal and core spectra. The model also predicts the core radius accurately. The numerical values given by the equations are not strongly dependent on the model.Equations relating average great circle power spectra of the geomagnetic field components to Rn are derived. The three field components are in the radial direction, along the great circle track, and perpendicular to the first two. These equations can, in principle, be inverted to compute the Rn for celestial bodies from average great circle power spectra of the magnetic field components. 相似文献
18.
E. E. Benevolenskaya 《Geomagnetism and Aeronomy》2013,53(7):891-895
The solar polar magnetic field has attracted the attention of researchers since the polar magnetic field reversal was revealed in the middle of the last century (Babcock and Livingston, 1958). The polar magnetic field has regularly reversed because the magnetic flux is transported from the sunspot formation zone owing to differential rotation, meridional circulation, and turbulent diffusion. However, modeling of these processes leads to ambiguous conclusions, as a result of which it is sometimes unclear whether a transport model is actual. Thus, according to the last Hinode data, the problem of a standard transport model (Shiota et al., 2012) consists in that a decrease in the polar magnetic flux in the Southern Hemisphere lags behind such a decrease in the flux in the Northern Hemisphere (from 2008 to June 2012). On the other hand, Svalgaard and Kamide (2012) consider that the asymmetry in the sign reversal simply results from the asymmetry in the emerging flux in the sunspot formation region. A detailed study of the polar magnetic flux evolution according to the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) data for May 2010–December 2012 is illustrated in the present work. Helioseismic & Magnetic Imager (HMI) magnetic data in the form of a magnetic field component along the line of sight (the time resolution is 720 s) are used here. The magnetic fluxes in sunspot formation regions and at high latitudes have been compared. 相似文献
19.
Richard H. Rapp 《Surveys in Geophysics》1975,2(2):193-216
The Earth's gravity field can be determined from gravity measurements made on the surface of the Earth, and through the analysis of the motion of Earth satellites. Gravity data can be used to solve the boundary value problem of gravimetric geodesy in various ways, from the classical formulation using a geoid to the concept of a reference surface interior to the masses of the Earth to a statistical method. We now have gravity information for 10 data blocks over 46% of the Earth's surface and more than several million point measurements available.Satellite observations such as range, range-rate, and optical data have been analyzed to determine potential coefficients used to describe the Earth's gravitational potential field. Coefficients, in a spherical harmonic expansion to degree 12, can be determined from satellite data alone, and to at least degree 20 when the satellite data is combined with surface gravity material. Recent solutions for potential coefficients agree well to degree 4, but with increasing disagreement at higher degrees. 相似文献
20.
Terracing is an operator that is applied to potential field data to produce regions of constant field amplitude that are separated by sharp boundaries, as an aid to interpretation. When applied to map data, the boundaries are defined by the zero contour of the 2D Laplacian derivative operator. An improved method is described here that defines the boundaries by the zero contour of the profile curvature. This approach gives superior results because the 2D Laplacian operator is composed only of derivatives in the EW and NS directions, while the profile curvature uses the curvature in the 'uphill' direction at each point, whatever that direction may be. The method is demonstrated on gravity data from South Africa. Source code in Matlab format is available from the authors on request. 相似文献