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1.
剪切带的流体压力因关系着地震断层的滑动强度以及应力释放过程一直备受重视。断层带的渗透率结构对认识断层带内流体活动状况、断层强度、摩擦稳定性以及同震过程等至关重要。文中介绍了断层带渗透率研究的原理、方法,总结了国内外最新的研究成果。脆性域断层的渗透率表现为核部低、两侧高的典型结构,断层泥通常具有最低的渗透率和强各向异性。在地震周期中,断层带的渗透性表现为突然增强-逐渐降低的过程。胶结、水岩反应及溶解-沉淀是间震期断层愈合的主要方式。热压作用是一种有效的断层弱化机制。当断层泥的渗透率小于10-18 m2量级时,地震会伴随强烈的同震热压效应。 相似文献
2.
青海南部东莫扎抓矿区挤压断层带结构及其对铅锌成矿的控制 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
大量逆断层控矿的实例表明挤压断层带具有较大含矿潜力,但挤压环境下矿质运移沉淀的过程尚不清楚。文章从断层带结构解剖入手,以东莫扎抓铅锌矿床为例,研究挤压断层带对成矿的控制。控矿断层可分为碎裂化带、浑圆角砾带和扁长角砾带3部分,其中碎裂化带内灰岩角砾中含有细脉状矿化,浑圆角砾带无矿化,扁长角砾带的角砾内部发育不规则脉状矿化,角砾间有浸染状、角砾状、团块状矿化。矿脉形态及与围岩接触关系表明成矿受断裂控制,矿质充填与灰岩破裂基本同时发生。分析认为,断层带经历了两个阶段的生长过程,成矿流体在第二次挤压的早期阶段贯入,挤压过程中的碎裂化和压溶作用为矿质运移和沉淀提供了重要保障。 相似文献
3.
新疆东准噶尔卡拉麦里金矿带是新疆重要的金成矿带之一,相关学者开展了大量的生产和科研工作,取得了丰硕的找矿成果,积累了大量的研究。近年来,随着向深部探测工作的兴起和成矿预测方法的不断成熟,由定性研究向定量研究成为一种必然选择。研究在以往科研成果综合研究的基础上,建立基于ArcGis平台的数据库,应用证据权法开展卡拉麦里金矿带断层与金矿化空间定量评价研究,研究表明断层距离和断层密度为重要的证据权因子,断层距离在0~1500 m范围内,成矿作用最强,随着距离的增大,成矿作用变弱。断层密度在0.26~0.66为中高有利成矿区域。该研究成果对卡拉麦里金矿带深部及外围的找矿工作具有重要意义。 相似文献
4.
医巫闾山变质核杂岩早白垩世伸展变形 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3
对瓦子峪拆离断层带及下盘韧性剪切带中的构造岩进行构造变形及石英组构优选方位分析,这些构造岩的变形特点及分布规律显示伸展活动具有从高绿片岩相的脆-韧性变形向低绿片岩相的脆性变形演化的特点,展示了由浅部地壳向地表抬升的过程.上盘同伸展断陷盆地中地层发育特点和韧性剪切带中构造岩的同位素年代学数据显示早白垩世伸展作用随着时间的演化具有逐渐减弱和剪切带北部伸展作用持续时间比南部长的特点,此次伸展作用主要发生在132 ～ 117Ma.对比早白垩世与中、晚侏罗世的伸展方向并结合太平洋板块与依泽纳奇板块中生代的运动特点,推断医巫闾山地区中生代的伸展变形受到西太平洋地区板块活动的制约. 相似文献
5.
断层的活动期次对盆地的形成与演化及油气运移成藏起着重要的控制作用,精确厘定断层活动期次及其年龄是盆地构造及油气成藏研究中的一项必不可少的工作,也一直是研究中的一个难点.针对这一问题,论文基于断层带内部结构的分析及前人研究成果,简要评述了常用的自生伊利石K-Ar/Ar-Ar定年法和石英电子自旋共振ESR(electron spin resonance)定年技术,重点综述了方解石激光原位U-Pb定年、石英流体包裹体40Ar/39Ar定年和低温热年代学技术应用于断层活动时间研究的基本原理、实验方法和典型实例,并探讨了存在的问题,分析了发展的趋势,指明了下一步研究的方向.认为这些技术对断层活动期次和油气勘探研究具有重要指导意义,未来将在盆地断裂研究中发挥重要作用,有着广阔的应用前景. 相似文献
6.
四川地区断层空间分布的多重分形特征 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
断层系统多重分形避免了容量维Ｄ０的不足，考虑了每一条断层对整体分维的贡献，反映了断层的空间分布特征。根据四川地区断层分布图，运用多重分形理论检验了断层空间分布的自相似性，分区计算了四川地区各带的多重分维值。结果表明，断层破裂系统为分形结构，具有很好的自相似性，相关系数均达０．９９。不同带分维值的较大差异，反映不同构造区域的断层分布特点。最后，对分维的含义进行了深入探讨，对油气勘探的有利区域进行了分析。 相似文献
7.
塔里木盆地西部断层的活动性与封闭性 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
研究区位于塔里木盆地西部,主要跨越巴楚断隆和阿瓦提凹陷两个构造单元.自寒武纪以来,本区主要经历了三次挤压作用,形成了第一期北西向、第二期南北向和第三期北西向褶皱和断裂构造.断层活动性是断层封闭性研究的基础和关键.活动断层的主体部分是开启的,但即使是强烈活动的断层,只要在储层或生油层附近发育较多的泥岩层构成与之相接的泥岩剪切带,断层的这些部分仍然具有封闭性.断层的封闭性应该在断层活动性研究的基础上作进一步分析.塔里木盆地西部断层的活动性与封闭性研究表明,第一期北西向断层在中寒武世-泥盆纪和第三纪-第四纪、第二期南北向断层在晚二叠世和第三纪-第四纪、第三期北西向断层自老第三纪形成以来主体部分分别处于开启状态. 相似文献
8.
断块油气藏断层发育,构造复杂,应用确定性地质建模技术可实现构造模型的三维可视化.通过对油气藏顶底层面断层线的精确编辑,实现油气藏内部断层之间复杂的切割关系,从而形成油气藏精确构造模型,解决了内部被多条断层切割的复杂油气藏构造建模研究过程中回避内部断层的缺陷.该技术可以建立油气藏精确构造模型,并在梨树断陷河山地区地震反演的应用中取得了较好的效果. 相似文献
9.
论走滑断层作用的几个主要问题 总被引：52，自引：1，他引：52
介绍了走滑断层作用研究前缘的若干主要方面。认为普遍使用走滑断层的术语外，在大陆上当断层性质不明时可使用平移断层。强调了单剪机制对大型走滑断层形成的作用，并评论了Ｘ破裂的纯剪理论。基于我国郯庐断裂带等的研究成果，提出走滑断层作用的若干新概念。指出剪曲（牵引）构造不同于雁列褶皱。认为中国地质学家从地质力学研究走滑断层的旋转构造已有卓绝的成就，只要同世界科学接轨，就会获得新的巨大生命力。文中描述了确定位移的方法，提出平移幅度与错距是两个不同的概念。强调了剪切热在大陆构造中的作用，提出走滑剪切带演化中剪切变形－断裂动热变质－重熔岩浆作用旋回。讨论了剪切成矿作用及已成矿体、矿带的走滑错移及变形。划分了三种基本走滑盆地类型及论证了大陆浅源走滑型地震机制。 相似文献
10.
11.
煤田推覆构造地球化学特征初探 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
化学元素的迁移和富集可以指示断裂运动的性质。根据断裂带内的元素和地球化学作用变化规律的研究,就可能测定断裂运动的特征。对安徽淮南和淮北地区推覆构造断裂带的地球化学特征的研究,说明离子半径小、比重较大的元素(如Si、Mg、Al、Ca等)富集于压性或压-剪性断裂带内,而离子半径较大、比重较小的元素(如K、Na、Fe等)则由该帶逸散。同时还研究了断裂带运动过程中地球化学作用的机理。 相似文献
12.
碳酸盐岩断裂破碎带结构、分布与发育机制 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
断裂带通常包括狭窄的断层核与宽阔的破碎带,并对岩石物理及其水力学、流体与渗透性具有重要作用。根据断裂破碎带结构的差异,将碳酸盐岩断层核划分为颗粒支撑、基质支撑与胶结支撑等3种类型,将碳酸盐岩破碎带划分碎裂带与裂缝带。不同类型碳酸盐岩断层核与破碎带形成多种类型组合,并造成断裂破碎带多种复杂的渗流结构。通过井一震资料的结合,可以判识沉积盆地内部较宽的碳酸盐岩断裂破碎带,其宽度一位移关系可以指示断裂破碎带的不同生长方式与机制。复杂内部结构、多期构造成岩作用与non-Andersonian破裂机制可能导致碳酸盐岩断裂破碎带的异常生长,也是碳酸盐岩断裂破碎带机理研究的重要方向。 相似文献
13.
构造断阶对沉积的控制:来自地震、测井和露头的实例 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
构造断阶是裂谷盆地(特别是裂谷盆地发育早期)或断陷盆地边缘发育的一种构造样式,反映盆地边缘因断块差异沉降所形成的沉积斜坡地形的阶梯变化。在地震剖面可以解释出许多不同类型的断阶带,并在此框架下根据地震反射结构解释地震相和沉积相。构造断阶带的不同类型控制了不同的沉积样式。构造断阶的识别约束了地震解释的多解性。测井资料的运用可以证实断阶带的沉积控制作用,约束地震解释,也可以进行沉积微相及空间分布的精细研究.地震、测井的实例分别来自松辽盆地徐家围子断陷和渤海湾盆地沾化凹陷。来自胶莱盆地野外露头的实例从另一方面证实了这种控制作用。与钻井或测井资料相比,露头资料具有连续性。露头的详细分析可得到构造断阶对沉积和地层结构控制的细节。构造断阶(带)与沉积作用关系的模式可以提供油气勘探的地质模型。 相似文献
14.
J. Escuder Viruete R. Carbonell D. Martí M. J. Jurado A. Prez-Estaún 《Tectonophysics》2003,361(1-2):97-120
The 3-D seismic tomographic data are used together with field, core and well log structural information to determine the detailed 3-D architecture of fault zones in a granitic massif of volume 500×575×168 m at Mina Ratones area in the Albalá Granitic Pluton. To facilitate the integration of the different data, geostatistical simulation algorithms are applied to interpolate the relatively sparse structural (hard) control data conditioned to abundant but indirect 3-D (soft) seismic tomographic data. To effectively integrate geologic and tomographic data, 3-D migration of the velocity model from the time domain into the depth domain was essential. The resulting 3-D model constitutes an image of the fault zone architecture within the granitic massif that honours hard and soft data and provides an evaluation of the spatial variability of structural heterogeneities based on the computation of 3-D experimental variograms of Fracture Index (fault intensity) data. This probabilistic quantitative 3-D model of spatially heterogeneous fault zones is suitable for subsequent fluid flow simulations. The modeled image of the 3-D fault distribution is consistent with the fault architecture in the Mina Ratones area, which basically consists of two families of subvertical structures with NNE–SSW and ENE–WSW trends that displaces the surfaces of low-angle faults (North Fault) and follows their seismically detected staircase geometry. These brittle structures cut two subvertical dykes (27 and 27′ Dykes) with a NNE–SSW to N–S trend. The faults present high FI (FI>12) adjacent bands of irregular geometry in detail that intersect in space delimiting rhombohedral blocks of relatively less fractured granite (FI<6). Both structural domains likely correspond with the protolith and the damaged zone/fault core in the widely accepted model for fault zone architecture. Therefore, the construction of 3-D grids of the FI in granitic areas affected by brittle tectonics permits the quantitative structural characterization of the rock massif. 相似文献
15.
塔里木盆地走滑带碳酸盐岩断裂相特征及其与油气关系 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
通过露头与井下资料的综合分析,塔里木盆地奥陶系碳酸盐岩走滑断裂带断裂相具有多样性,根据内部构造发育程度可以分为断层核发育、断层核欠发育两类。露头走滑带断层核部以裂缝带、透镜体、滑动面等断裂相发育为特征,断裂边缘的破碎带发育裂缝带、变形带。裂缝带主要分布在断层核附近50m的破碎带内,裂缝多开启,渗流性好。断裂核部透镜体发育,在破碎带也有分布,破碎角砾组合的透镜体多致密。滑动面具有平直截切型、渐变条带型等两种类型,多为开启的半充填活动面。变形带多为方解石与碎裂岩充填,破碎带局部部位裂缝与溶蚀作用较发育。利用地震剖面、构造图、相干图等资料可以判识塔里木盆地内部奥陶系碳酸盐岩走滑断裂相的特征及其发育程度,沿走滑断裂带走向上断裂相具有分段性与差异性,根据渗流性可以定性区分高渗透相、致密相区。沿断裂带高渗透相区是碳酸盐岩缝洞体储层发育的有利部位。断裂相的横向变化造成油气分布的区段性,形成高渗透相输导模式、致密相遮挡模式等两类成藏模式。走滑断裂带碳酸盐岩断裂相的特征及其控藏作用对油气勘探开发储层建模具有重要意义。 相似文献
16.
Normal faults on Malta were studied to analyse fault propagation and evolution in different carbonate facies. Deformation of carbonate facies is controlled by strength, particle size and pore structure. Different deformation styles influence the damage characteristics surrounding faults, and therefore the fault zone architecture. The carbonates were divided into grain- and micrite-dominated carbonate lithofacies. Stronger grain-dominated carbonates show localised deformation, whereas weaker micrite-dominated carbonates show distributed deformation. The weaker micrite-dominated carbonates overlie stronger grain-dominated carbonates, creating a mechanical stratigraphy. A different architecture of damage, the ‘Fracture Splay Zone’ (FSZ), is produced within micrite-dominated carbonates due to this mechanical stratigraphy. Strain accumulates at the point of juxtaposition between the stronger grain-dominated carbonates in the footwall block and the weaker micrite-dominated carbonates in the hanging wall block. New slip surfaces nucleate and grow from these points, developing an asymmetric fault damage zone segment. The development of more slip surfaces within a single fault zone forms a zone of intense deformation, bound between two slip surfaces within the micrite-dominated carbonate lithofacies (i.e., the FSZ). Rather than localisation onto a single slip surface, allowing formation of a continuous fault core, the deformation will be dispersed along several slip surfaces. The dispersed deformation can create a highly permeable zone, rather than a baffle/seal, in the micrite-dominated carbonate lithofacies. The formation of a Fracture Splay Zone will therefore affect the sealing potential of the fault zone. The FSZ, by contrast, is not observed in the majority of the grain-dominated carbonates. 相似文献
17.
Field-based structural analysis of an exhumed, 10-km-long strike-slip fault zone elucidates processes of growth, linkage, and termination along moderately sized strike-slip fault zones in granitic rocks. The Gemini fault zone is a 9.3-km-long, left-lateral fault system that was active at depths of 8–11 km within the transpressive Late-Cretaceous Sierran magmatic arc. The fault zone cuts four granitic plutons and is composed of three steeply dipping northeast- and southwest-striking noncoplanar segments that nucleated and grew along preexisting cooling joints. The fault core is bounded by subparallel fault planes that separate highly fractured epidote-, chlorite-, and quartz-breccias from undeformed protolith. The slip profile along the Gemini fault zone shows that the fault zone consists of three 2–3-km-long segments separated by two ‘zones’ of local slip minima. Slip is highest (131 m) on the western third of the fault zone and tapers to zero at the eastern termination. Slip vectors plunge shallowly west-southwest and show significant variability along strike and across segment boundaries. Four types of microstructures reflect compositional changes in protolith along strike and show that deformation was concentrated on narrow slip surfaces at, or below, greenschist facies conditions. Taken together, we interpret the fault zone to be a segmented, linked fault zone in which geometrical complexities of the faults and compositional variations of protolith and fault rock resulted in nonuniform slip orientations, complex fault-segment interactions, and asymmetric slip-distance profiles. 相似文献
18.
Paul Wilson Rob L. Gawthorpe David Hodgetts Franklin Rarity Ian R. Sharp 《Journal of Structural Geology》2009,31(8):759-775
The geometry and architecture of a well exposed syn-rift normal fault array in the Suez rift is examined. At pre-rift level, the Nukhul fault consists of a single zone of intense deformation up to 10 m wide, with a significant monocline in the hanging wall and much more limited folding in the footwall. At syn-rift level, the fault zone is characterised by a single discrete fault zone less than 2 m wide, with damage zone faults up to approximately 200 m into the hanging wall, and with no significant monocline developed. The evolution of the fault from a buried structure with associated fault-propagation folding, to a surface-breaking structure with associated surface faulting, has led to enhanced bedding-parallel slip at lower levels that is absent at higher levels. Strain is enhanced at breached relay ramps and bends inherited from pre-existing structures that were reactivated during rifting. Damage zone faults observed within the pre-rift show ramp-flat geometries associated with contrast in competency of the layers cut and commonly contain zones of scaly shale or clay smear. Damage zone faults within the syn-rift are commonly very straight, and may be discrete fault planes with no visible fault rock at the scale of observation, or contain relatively thin and simple zones of scaly shale or gouge. The geometric and architectural evolution of the fault array is interpreted to be the result of (i) the evolution from distributed trishear deformation during upward propagation of buried fault tips to surface faulting after faults breach the surface; (ii) differences in deformation response between lithified pre-rift units that display high competence contrasts during deformation, and unlithified syn-rift units that display low competence contrasts during deformation, and; (iii) the history of segmentation, growth and linkage of the faults that make up the fault array. This has important implications for fluid flow in fault zones. 相似文献
19.
塔里木盆地车尔臣断裂带构造--岩相特征及形成机理探讨 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
车尔臣断裂带的构造特征、寒武系-下奥陶统地层地震相特征与沉积相展布、构造与岩相之间关系的研究表明,车尔臣断裂构造带具有“三段式”结构。西段与东段相似,为巨厚的碳酸盐岩建造,刚性强,以断裂形式释放应力,所形成的构造带成排发育,圈闭面积小而个数多;中段塔东低凸起以泥岩建造为主,岩层刚性弱,以塑性变形为主,构造带不发育,构造样式主要为古生界的宽缓背斜,圈闭面积大而个数少。通过沉积相和构造综合研究证实存在2个岩性圈闭带：古城奥陶系礁滩相岩性圈闭带和罗布泊奥陶系礁滩相构造-岩性复合圈闭带。 相似文献