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1.
大规模地球物理电磁数据的定量解释需要发展高效、稳定的三维正反演算法.本文通过求解离散化的三维电场矢量Helmholtz方程,实现了基于有限体积法的频率域可控源电磁(CSEM)三维正演算法.为模拟具有强电性差异的三维电性介质,该算法采用拟态有限体积法(MFV)对Maxwell方程组进行离散化;另外,为获得稳定、高精度的正演数值结果,采用直接矩阵分解技术来求解离散所得到的大型稀疏线性方程组.对于具有多个发射源的CSEM测量来说,一次矩阵分解结果能够用于同频率下所有场源的正演计算.为降低场源奇异性及边界条件对数值精度的影响,采用虚拟场源校正技术,避免了散射场公式中在构建场源项时所需的大量时间.对于具有多个频率的CSEM的模拟计算,采用分频并行策略来加快三维正演计算.最后,通过与一维层状模型及三维模型的数值结果的对比验证了本文所开发的正演算法对频率域CSEM模拟计算的准确性及有效性,表明该正演算法能够有效应用于三维介质的数值计算.另外,对于多频率CSEM的并行测试结果表明基于分频并行策略的并行计算能够显著地降低正演计算时间. 相似文献
2.
目前大地电磁三维正演模拟的主要问题是计算效率偏低.Pankratov等提出了一种精确的、稳定的和宽频的三维电磁场正演计算方法,并成功应用于大地电磁场正演模拟中.该方法使用体积积分方程法,利用改进的Neumann序列(MNS)技术来求解Maxwell方程,成功地避免了解大型的线性方程组.在本文中针对这一主要问题尝试引入了广义双共轭梯度法来迭代求改进的Neumann序列中的解,与传统的迭代方法相比可以提高迭代的效率.同时使用了将格林函数分解为两部分在波数域求解,这样比常规的利用快速汉克尔变换求解效率更高.最后试验了两个模型,并与三维交错网格有限差分法计算结果相比较,证明该方法的正确与有效,并且通过具体计算表明该方法在精度保证的条件下计算速度上具有明显的优势. 相似文献
3.
《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》2003,23(4):249-253
A parallel soil–structure interaction (SSI) model is presented for applications on distributed computer systems. Substructring method is applied to the SSI system and a coupled finite–infinite element based parallel computer program is developed. In the SSI system, infinite elements are used to represent the soil which extends to infinity. In this case, a large finite element mesh is required to define the near field for reliable predictions. The resulting large-scale problems are solved on distributed computer systems in this study. The domain is represented by separated substructures and an interface. The number of substructures are determined by the available processors in the parallel platform. To avoid the formation of large interface equations, smaller interface equations are distributed to processors while substructure contributions are performed. This saves a lot of memory storage and computational effort. Direct solution techniques are used for the solution of interface and substructure equation systems. The program is investigated through some example problems. The example problems exposed the need for solving large-scale problems in order to reach better results. The results of the example problems demonstrated the benefits of the parallel SSI algorithm. 相似文献
4.
《Advances in water resources》1998,21(6):499-508
Global optimization methods such as simulated annealing, genetic algorithms and tabu search are being increasingly used to solve groundwater remediation design and parameter identification problems. While these methods enjoy some unique advantages over traditional gradient based methods, they typically require thousands to tens of thousands of forward simulation runs before reaching optimal or near-optimal solutions. Thus, one severe limitation associated with these global optimization methods is very long computation time. To mitigate this limitation, this paper presents a new approach for obtaining, repeatedly and efficiently, the solutions of a linear forward simulation model subject to successive perturbations. The proposed approach takes advantage of the fact that successive forward simulation runs, as required by a global optimization procedure, usually involve only slight changes in the coefficient matrices of the resultant linear equations. As a result, the new solution to a system of linear equations perturbed by the changes in aquifer properties and/or sinks/sources can be obtained as the sum of a non-perturbed base solution and the solution to the perturbed portion of the linear equations. The computational efficiency of the proposed approach arises from the fact that the perturbed solution can be derived directly without solving the linear equations again. A two-dimensional test problem with 20 by 30 nodes demonstrates that the proposed approach is much more efficient than repeatedly running the simulation model, by more than 15 times after a fixed number of model evaluations. The ratio of speedup increases with the number of model evaluations and also the size of simulation model. The main limitation of the proposed approach is the large amount of computer memory required to store the inverse matrix. Effective ways for limiting the storage requirement are briefly discussed. 相似文献
5.
Billie F. SpencerJr Chia-Ming Chang Thomas M. Frankie Daniel A. Kuchma Pedro F. Silva Adel E. Abdelnaby 《地震工程与工程振动(英文版)》2014,13(1):63-77
Hybrid simulation has been shown to be a cost-effective approach for assessing the seismic performance of structures. In hybrid simulation, critical parts of a structure are physically tested, while the remaining portions of the system are concurrently simulated computationally, typically using a finite element model. This combination is realized through a numerical time-integration scheme, which allows for investigation of full system-level responses of a structure in a cost-effective manner. However, conducting hybrid simulation of complex structures within large-scale testing facilities presents significant challenges. For example, the chosen modeling scheme may create numerical inaccuracies or even result in unstable simulations; the displacement and force capacity of the experimental system can be exceeded; and a hybrid test may be terminated due to poor communication between modules (e.g., loading controllers, data acquisition systems, simulation coordinator). These problems can cause the simulation to stop suddenly, and in some cases can even result in damage to the experimental specimens; the end result can be failure of the entire experiment. This study proposes a phased approach to hybrid simulation that can validate all of the hybrid simulation components and ensure the integrity large-scale hybrid simulation. In this approach, a series of hybrid simulations employing numerical components and small-scale experimental components are examined to establish this preparedness for the large-scale experiment. This validation program is incorporated into an existing, mature hybrid simulation framework, which is currently utilized in the Multi-Axial Full-Scale Sub-Structuring Testing and Simulation (MUST-SIM) facility of the George E. Brown Network for Earthquake Engineering Simulation (NEES) equipment site at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. A hybrid simulation of a four-span curved bridge is presented as an example, in which three piers are experimentally controlled in a total of 18 degrees of freedom (DOFs). This simulation illustrates the effectiveness of the phased approach presented in this paper. 相似文献
6.
大地电磁正演理论研究热点一直以来主要集中在如何提高计算效率和精度,但在剖面足够长、探测深度足够大的情况下,传统的笛卡尔坐标系数值模拟方式难以准确拟合地球曲率形态.本文研究了基于球坐标系的三维大地电磁正演,推导了交错网格有限差分三维正演公式,与一维解析解和三维标准模型测试对比,验证了正演算法的正确性.通过理论模型计算,对比分析球坐标和笛卡尔坐标系正演结果表明：球坐标系模拟更合理,避免了传统笛卡尔坐标拉伸投影所引入的误差,可代替目前的笛卡尔坐标模拟方法.基于球坐标和笛卡尔坐标系的三维大地电磁正演响应值随着频率变低差异越明显.球坐标和笛卡尔坐标计算结果差异度与频率、模型结构和电阻率有关.本文模型计算结果在数万秒周期处已出现接近10%的差异,对于较大尺度的长周期大地电磁,地球曲率的影响不能忽略. 相似文献
7.
Baha Y. Mirghani Kumar G. Mahinthakumar Michael E. Tryby Ranji S. Ranjithan Emily M. Zechman 《Advances in water resources》2009
Groundwater characterization involves the resolution of unknown system characteristics from observation data, and is often classified as an inverse problem. Inverse problems are difficult to solve due to natural ill-posedness and computational intractability. Here we adopt the use of a simulation–optimization approach that couples a numerical pollutant-transport simulation model with evolutionary search algorithms for solution of the inverse problem. In this approach, the numerical transport model is solved iteratively during the evolutionary search. This process can be computationally intensive since several hundreds to thousands of forward model evaluations are typically required for solution. Given the potential computational intractability of such a simulation–optimization approach, parallel computation is employed to ease and enable the solution of such problems. In this paper, several variations of a groundwater source identification problem is examined in terms of solution quality and computational performance. The computational experiments were performed on the TeraGrid cluster available at the National Center for Supercomputing Applications. The results demonstrate the performance of the parallel simulation–optimization approach in terms of solution quality and computational performance. 相似文献
8.
《Advances in water resources》2001,24(8):863-876
When dealing with the macroscopic behavior of a fractured porous medium, one is faced with the problem of computing the large-scale parameters from the fracture network properties. In particular, when the retained model is the quasi-steady two-equation model, three effective coefficients have to be estimated. This upscaling problem has been reviewed using a volume averaging method by Quintard and Whitaker. As a result, a closed form of the macroscopic model was obtained with associate closure problems that can be used for the determination of the required parameters. In this paper, we use the corresponding problems to study and discuss the behavior of the effective properties of 2D densely fractured systems. First, the emphasis is put on the large-scale fracture permeability tensor, which is related to the degree of interconnection of the fractures combined to the effect of matrix diffusion. Secondly, the exchange coefficient is considered, in particular, its dependence on the matrix blocks geometry. Finally, we compare our approach with numerous techniques currently proposed in the literature. 相似文献
9.
10.
Rajiv Kumar Marie Graff Ivan Vasconcelos Felix J. Herrmann 《Geophysical Prospecting》2019,67(5):1312-1328
Imaging in geological challenging environments has led to new developments, including the idea of generating reflection responses by means of interferometric redatuming at a given target datum in the subsurface, when the target datum lies beneath a complex overburden. One way to perform this redatuming is via conventional model-based wave-equation techniques. But those techniques can be computationally expensive for large-scale seismic problems since the number of wave-equation solves is equal to two times the number of sources involved during seismic data acquisition. Also conventional shot-profile techniques require lots of memory to save full subsurface extended image volumes. Therefore, we can only form subsurface image volumes in either horizontal or vertical directions. To exploit the information hidden in full subsurface extended image volumes, we now present a randomized singular value decomposition-based approach built upon the matrix probing scheme, which takes advantage of the algebraic structure of the extended imaging system. This low-rank representation enables us to overcome both the computational cost associated with the number of wave-equation solutions and memory usage due to explicit storage of full subsurface extended image volumes employed by conventional migration methods. Experimental results on complex geological models demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed methodology and allow practical reflection-based extended imaging for large-scale five-dimensional seismic data. 相似文献
11.
三维反演解释是电磁法勘探发展的重要趋势,而如何提高三维反演的可靠性、稳定性和计算效率是算法开发者们目前的研究重点.本文实现了一种频率域可控源电磁(CSEM)三维反演算法.其中正演基于拟态有限体积法离散化,利用直接矩阵分解技术来求解大型线性系统方程,不仅准确、稳定,而且特别有利于含有大量发射场源位置的CSEM勘探情况;对目标函数的最优化采用高斯牛顿法(GN),具有近似二次的收敛性;使用预条件共轭梯度法(PCG)求解每次GN迭代所得到的法方程,避免了显式求解和存储灵敏度矩阵,减小了计算量.以上这些方法的结合应用,使得本文的三维反演算法准确、稳定且高效.通过陆地和海洋CSEM勘探场景中的典型理论模型的反演测试,验证了本文算法的有效性. 相似文献
12.
F. A. El-Awar J. W. Labadie T. B. M. J. Ouarda 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》1998,12(4):247-266
: As with all dynamic programming formulations, differential dynamic programming (DDP) successfully exploits the sequential
decision structure of multi-reservoir optimization problems, overcomes difficulties with the nonconvexity of energy production
functions for hydropower systems, and provides optimal feedback release policies. DDP is particularly well suited to optimizing
large-scale multi-reservoir systems due to its relative insensitivity to state-space dimensionality. This advantage of DDP
encourages expansion of the state vector to include additional multi-lag hydrologic information and/or future inflow forecasts
in developing optimal reservoir release policies. Unfortunately, attempts at extending DDP to the stochastic case have not
been entirely successful. A modified stochastic DDP algorithm is presented which overcomes difficulties in previous formulations.
Application of the algorithm to a four-reservoir hydropower system demonstrates its capabilities as an efficient approach
to solving stochastic multi-reservoir optimization problems. The algorithm is also applied to a single reservoir problem with
inclusion of multi-lag hydrologic information in the state vector. Results provide evidence of significant benefits in direct
inclusion of expanded hydrologic state information in optimal feedback release policies. 相似文献
13.
F. A. El-Awar J. W. Labadie T. B. M. J. Ouarda 《Stochastic Hydrology and Hydraulics》1998,12(4):247-266
: As with all dynamic programming formulations, differential dynamic programming (DDP) successfully exploits the sequential
decision structure of multi-reservoir optimization problems, overcomes difficulties with the nonconvexity of energy production
functions for hydropower systems, and provides optimal feedback release policies. DDP is particularly well suited to optimizing
large-scale multi-reservoir systems due to its relative insensitivity to state-space dimensionality. This advantage of DDP
encourages expansion of the state vector to include additional multi-lag hydrologic information and/or future inflow forecasts
in developing optimal reservoir release policies. Unfortunately, attempts at extending DDP to the stochastic case have not
been entirely successful. A modified stochastic DDP algorithm is presented which overcomes difficulties in previous formulations.
Application of the algorithm to a four-reservoir hydropower system demonstrates its capabilities as an efficient approach
to solving stochastic multi-reservoir optimization problems. The algorithm is also applied to a single reservoir problem with
inclusion of multi-lag hydrologic information in the state vector. Results provide evidence of significant benefits in direct
inclusion of expanded hydrologic state information in optimal feedback release policies. 相似文献
14.
Applied Mathematics in EM Studies with Special Emphasis on an Uncertainty Quantification and 3-D Integral Equation Modelling 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Despite impressive progress in the development and application of electromagnetic (EM) deterministic inverse schemes to map the 3-D distribution of electrical conductivity within the Earth, there is one question which remains poorly addressed—uncertainty quantification of the recovered conductivity models. Apparently, only an inversion based on a statistical approach provides a systematic framework to quantify such uncertainties. The Metropolis–Hastings (M–H) algorithm is the most popular technique for sampling the posterior probability distribution that describes the solution of the statistical inverse problem. However, all statistical inverse schemes require an enormous amount of forward simulations and thus appear to be extremely demanding computationally, if not prohibitive, if a 3-D set up is invoked. This urges development of fast and scalable 3-D modelling codes which can run large-scale 3-D models of practical interest for fractions of a second on high-performance multi-core platforms. But, even with these codes, the challenge for M–H methods is to construct proposal functions that simultaneously provide a good approximation of the target density function while being inexpensive to be sampled. In this paper we address both of these issues. First we introduce a variant of the M–H method which uses information about the local gradient and Hessian of the penalty function. This, in particular, allows us to exploit adjoint-based machinery that has been instrumental for the fast solution of deterministic inverse problems. We explain why this modification of M–H significantly accelerates sampling of the posterior probability distribution. In addition we show how Hessian handling (inverse, square root) can be made practicable by a low-rank approximation using the Lanczos algorithm. Ultimately we discuss uncertainty analysis based on stochastic inversion results. In addition, we demonstrate how this analysis can be performed within a deterministic approach. In the second part, we summarize modern trends in the development of efficient 3-D EM forward modelling schemes with special emphasis on recent advances in the integral equation approach. 相似文献
15.
16.
In this paper, a new probabilistic analytical approach, the minimal cut-based recursive decomposition algorithm (MCRDA), is presented to evaluate the seismic reliability of large-scale lifeline systems. Based on the minimal cut searching algorithm, the approach calculates the disjoint minimal cuts one by one using the basic procedure of the recursive decomposition method. At the same time, the process obtains the disjoint minimal paths of the system. In order to improve the computation efficiency, probabilistic inequality is used to calculate a solution that satisfies the prescribed error bound. A series of case studies show that MCRDA converges rapidly when the edges of the systems have low reliabilities. Therefore, the approach can be used to evaluate large-scale lifeline systems subjected to strong seismic wave excitation. 相似文献
17.
Billie F.Spencer Jr. Chia-Ming Chang Thomas M.Frankie Daniel A.Kuchma Pedro F.Silva Adel E.Abdelnaby 《地震工程与工程振动(英文版)》2014,(Z1)
Hybrid simulation has been shown to be a cost-effective approach for assessing the seismic performance of structures. In hybrid simulation,critical parts of a structure are physically tested,while the remaining portions of the system are concurrently simulated computationally,typically using a finite element model. This combination is realized through a numerical time-integration scheme,which allows for investigation of full system-level responses of a structure in a cost-effective manner. However,conducting hybrid simulation of complex structures within large-scale testing facilities presents significant challenges. For example,the chosen modeling scheme may create numerical inaccuracies or even result in unstable simulations; the displacement and force capacity of the experimental system can be exceeded; and a hybrid test may be terminated due to poor communication between modules(e.g.,loading controllers,data acquisition systems,simulation coordinator). These problems can cause the simulation to stop suddenly,and in some cases can even result in damage to the experimental specimens; the end result can be failure of the entire experiment. This study proposes a phased approach to hybrid simulation that can validate all of the hybrid simulation components and ensure the integrity largescale hybrid simulation. In this approach,a series of hybrid simulations employing numerical components and small-scale experimental components are examined to establish this preparedness for the large-scale experiment. This validation program is incorporated into an existing,mature hybrid simulation framework,which is currently utilized in the Multi-Axial Full-Scale Sub-Structuring Testing and Simulation(MUST-SIM) facility of the George E. Brown Network for Earthquake Engineering Simulation(NEES) equipment site at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. A hybrid simulation of a four-span curved bridge is presented as an example,in which three piers are experimentally controlled in a total of 18 degrees of freedom(DOFs). This simulation illustrates the effectiveness of the phased approach presented in this paper. 相似文献
18.
A multiscale adjoint (MSADJ) method is developed to compute high-resolution sensitivity coefficients for subsurface flow in large-scale heterogeneous geologic formations. In this method, the original fine-scale problem is partitioned into a set of coupled subgrid problems, such that the global adjoint problem can be efficiently solved on a coarse grid. Then, the coarse-scale sensitivities are interpolated to the local fine grid by reconstructing the local variability of the model parameters with the aid of solving embedded adjoint subproblems. The approach employs the multiscale finite-volume (MSFV) formulation to accurately and efficiently solve the highly detailed flow problem. The MSFV method couples a global coarse-scale solution with local fine-scale reconstruction operators, hence yielding model responses that are quite accurate at both scales. The MSADJ method is equally efficient in computing the gradient of the objective function with respect to model parameters. Several examples demonstrate that the approach is accurate and computationally efficient. The accuracy of our multiscale method for inverse problems is twofold: the sensitivity coefficients computed by this approach are more accurate than the traditional finite-difference-based numerical method for computing derivatives, and the calibrated models after history matching honor the available dynamic data on the fine scale. In other words, the multiscale based adjoint scheme can be used to history match fine-scale models quite effectively. 相似文献
19.
《Advances in water resources》1998,21(1):11-26
We extend the finite-volume Eulerian-Lagrangian localized adjoint method (FVELLAM) for solution of the advection-dispersion equation to two dimensions. The method can conserve mass globally and is not limited by restrictions on the size of the grid Peclet or Courant number. Therefore, it is well suited for solution of advection-dominated ground-water solute transport problems. In test problem comparisons with standard finite differences, FVELLAM is able to attain accurate solutions on much coarser space and time grids. On fine grids, the accuracy of the two methods is comparable. A critical aspect of FVELLAM (and all other ELLAMs) is evaluation of the mass storage integral from the preceding time level. In FVELLAM this may be accomplished with either a forward or backtracking approach. The forward tracking approach conserves mass globally and is the preferred approach. The backtracking approach is less computationally intensive, but not globally mass conservative. Boundary terms are systematically represented as integrals in space and time which are evaluated by a common integration scheme in conjunction with forward tracking through time. Unlike the one-dimensional case, local mass conservation cannot be guaranteed, so slight oscillations in concentration can develop, particularly in the vicinity of inflow or outflow boundaries. 相似文献
20.
提出了一种基于非结构化四面体以及带地形模型的自适应多层快速多极大规模磁法快速正演算法.该算法弥补了传统积分方法采用FFT加速计算时不能采用非结构化网格的缺陷;同时采用自适应快速多极算法突破积分求和方法求解大规模磁法问题耗时长的突出问题.首先,采用非结构化的四面体网格剖分技术能够更好的模拟复杂模型以及带地形模型,实现磁法模型的高精度模拟;其次,采用一种自适应多层快速多极(AMFM)算法实现大规模磁法正演求解.通过将计算区域划分为近区和远区,对近区采用解析计算高精度求解,对远区采用自适应多层快速多极算法进行加速计算,假设有M个观测点,N个四面体源单元,可将计算复杂度由传统积分求和法的O(MN)减少到O(Mlog N).本文设计了组合体模型以及安徽怀宁地区的实际地形模型,模型计算结果体现了采用该方法进行大规模复杂模型三维磁法正演模拟的高效性和准确性. 相似文献