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1.
石榴树包滑坡工程监测设计 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
陆付民 《地质灾害与环境保护》2004,15(3):58-61
介绍了黄腊石滑坡现有监测系统．根据石榴树包滑坡防治工程的需要．讨论了石榴树包滑坡工程监测的基本方法。新增加监测内容包括地表位移监测、深部位移监测、地下水位监测、排水效果监测及施工期的专门监测。 相似文献
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崩塌滑坡防治施工监测与治理效果 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
论文较系统地介绍了崩塌滑坡地质灾害防治施工安全监测和防治效果监测的目的和特点、监测方案布置原则,监测内容与监测方法等。指出防治施工安全监测和防治效果监测是整个监测过程的两个不同阶段。其监测方案布置应当统筹规划,区别对待。还以2个工程实例进行了阐述和分析,对开展崩塌滑坡防治阶段的监测工作有较强的实用价值。最后,作者强调监测工作应贯穿于防治工程的始终。 相似文献
3.
滑坡监测的指标体系与技术方法 总被引：17，自引：1，他引：16
滑坡监测目的:了解和掌握滑坡体的演变过程,及时捕捉崩滑灾害的特征信息,为崩塌滑坡的正确分析、评价、预测、预报及治理工程等提供可靠资料和科学依据。滑坡监测指标包括地质宏观形迹监测、地面位移监测、深部位移监测、诱发因素监测、水压力监测和滑坡地球物理、地球化学场监测等。滑坡监测技术方法通常有地面宏观形迹的简易观测、地面仪器监测、空间遥测和遥感监测、综合的实时监测预报系统等。论文还介绍了宝塔滑坡监测系统实例。 相似文献
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简要介绍了北斗卫星导航系统,并基于北斗卫星导航定位系统建立了适合于边坡变形监测的北斗云监测系统,实现了从数据采集到监测结果显示的全过程自动化。分析了相对于传统边坡变形监测应用北斗技术对边坡变形监测的优势。设计了监测系统的精度试验,分析了系统精度与定位时长的关系,试验结果表明,定位时长为24 h时,监测系统的水平方向的精度为2 mm左右,完全满足公路高边坡变形监测的精度要求。将北斗云监测系统应用于贵州都安高速某高边坡变形监测工程中,实现了对该边坡变形的自动化监测。监测结果表明北斗技术完全可以应用于边坡变形监测,对提高边坡变形监测能力具有重要意义。 相似文献
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为落实国家地下水监测工程与地下水质监测工作任务,实现对西辽河平原地下水动态的有效监测,国家地下水监测工程(自然资源部分)在西辽河平原监测区共布设了国家级地下水自动监测井117眼,其中新建监测井93眼,改建机民井24眼,安装自动监测仪器117套。监测区控制面积57 000 km2,主要监测层位为第四系松散沉积物孔隙水含水层,监测层位最大深度为206 m。建成了国家地下水监测工程信息服务系统,提升了地下水监测信息获取、分析、共享和服务能力。该项目的实施大幅度提高了监测区地下水的监测频次以及信息的时效性、可靠性和准确性。 相似文献
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《水文地质工程地质技术方法动态》2008,(3)
1巢式监测井
巢式监测井是地下水多级监测井的一种形式,是在一个钻孔中安装多个完整的单管井。每个单管井仅监测一个指定区域。巢式监测井有以下优点：一口巢式监测井中可安装多个单管完整井,施工成本比丛式监测井费用低;一口巢式井中可以同时对多个含水层位进行监测;巢式监测井施工场地占地面积小,保护、维护费用低。 相似文献
8.
廊坊市地下水动态监测现状及改进措施 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
地下水监测是地下水合理开发、水资源管理和生态环境保护的基础工作。通过深入分析廊坊市地下水动态监测现状,找出了监测中存在的问题,并提出增加地下水监测经费投入,丰富监测手段和提高监测人员工作水平等五项改善地下水动态监测工作的建议和措施。 相似文献
9.
中国西南地区主要地质灾害及常用监测方法 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
我国西南部地区山地面积比例高,地质灾害尤为突出,发生频繁。主要灾害类型为崩塌、滑坡及泥石流。目前的滑坡、泥石流监测工作主要有以工程减灾为目的的专业监测,城镇居民点的综合减灾监测,而广大农村则以群测群防为主监测。国土资源部建立了全国性的内容包括滑坡、泥石流的中国地质环境监测体系,特别是在三峡水库区,地质灾害专业监测由中央主管部门统一指挥、专业技术人员配以相关监测方法及仪器进行。目前使用的主要监测方法有地表位移监测、滑坡体深部位移监测、滑坡体应力应变监测、地下水监测、3S技术综合应用I、nSar技术应用、基于现代通讯技术的实时自动化监测等。通过这些监测,对三峡水库区的移民迁建、经济建设及构建和谐社会起到了重要作用。 相似文献
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《水文地质工程地质技术方法动态》2009,(5):I0002-I0002
开展具有集成化标准组件的多通道监测井管的研究,创建一种新型的地下水监测井建井模式;研发一套先进的地下水多级分层自动监测与实时传输成套仪器设备,实现地下水监测从传统的混合监测到分层监测。建立集地下水动态数据采集、传输、存储、分析于一体的监测信息动态管理系统,全面提升我国地下水监测信息管理水平。 相似文献
11.
铁板砂是一种特殊的沉积地貌,其性质和形成演化涉及海洋沉积动力、海洋工程地质等学科方向,对海岸防护、航运安全和海洋工程建设有重要影响。介绍了铁板砂的概念、特征和分布,以铁板砂形成和演化机制为主线,从原生沉积、冲刷分选和液化渗流3种模式出发,对国内外铁板砂研究现状进行总结和论述,分析了3种模式的优缺点和适用条件,从研究思路和研究方法等方面对铁板砂的研究趋势进行了展望,指出基于海洋土力学与沉积动力学相结合的思路,开展水体-床面-床内耦合的多要素同步观测,构建机制清晰的物理模型和定量评价的数学模型是今后铁板砂研究的发展方向。 相似文献
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论中国前寒武纪地质时代及年代地层的划分 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：7
Wang Hongzhen 《地球科学》1986,(5)
本文讨论了前寒武纪地质时代和年代地层划分的原则和命名,提出建立隐生宙、原生宙和显生宙。隐生宙包括冥古代和太古代;原生宙分始元代、中元代和新元代。划分中的重要改变是根据新的年龄值数据将五台群归入太古代,将长城系底界改为1700Ma;并根据蠕虫-须腕动物群的出现,将震旦纪归入古生代。文中还阐述了作者对前寒武纪时代划分的新观点。 相似文献
14.
Brian P. Hedlun Jessica K. Cole Amanda J. Williams Weiguo Hou Enmin Zhou Wenjun Li Hailiang Dong 《地学前缘(英文版)》2012,3(3):273-288
The Rehai Geothermal Field,located in Tengcbong County,in central-western Yunnan Province, is the largest and most intensively studied geothermal held in China.A wide physicochemical diversity of springs(ambient to ~97℃;pH from≤.8 to≥9.3) provides a multitude of niches for extremophilic microorganisms.A variety of studies have focused on the cultivation,identification,basic physiology,taxonomy,and biotechnological potential of thermophilic microorganisms from Rehai.Thermophilic bacteria isolated from Rehai belong to the phyla Firmicutes and Deinococcus-Thenmts. Firmicutes include neutrophilic or alkaliphilic Anoxybacillus,Bacillus,Caldalkalibacillus.Caldanaerobacier, Laceyella,and Geobacillus,as well as thermoacidophilic Alicyclobacillus and Sulfobacillus. Isolates from the Deinococcus-Thermus phylum include several Meiothermus and Thennus species.Many of these bacteria synthesize thermostable polymer-degrading enzymes that may be useful for biotechnology. The thermoacidophilic archaea Acidianus.Melal/osp/utera.and Suljolobus have also been isolated and studied.A few studies have reported the isolation of thermophilic viruses belonging to Siphoviridae(TTSP4 and TTSPIO) and Fuselloviridae(STSVl) infecting Thennus spp.and Suljolobus spp..respectively.More recently,cultivation-independent studies using 16S rRNA gene sequences, shotgun metagenomics,or "functional gene" sequences have revealed a much broader diversity of microorganisms than represented in culture.Studies of the gene and mRNA encoding the large subunit of the ammonia monooxygenase(imioA) of ammonia-oxidizing Archaea(AOA) and the tetraether lipid erenarchaeol. a potential biomarker for AOA.suggest a wide diversity,but possibly low abundance,of thermophilic AOA in Rehai.Finally,we introduce the Tengchong Partnerships in International Research and Education(PIRE) project,an international collaboration between Chinese and U.S.scientists with the goal of promoting international and interdisciplinary cooperation to gain a more holistic and global view of life in terrestrial geothermal springs. 相似文献
15.
《Geoforum》2017
By engaging with ‘pro-anorexia’ and ‘food porn’ on the Internet, this paper explores eating in cyberspace. Reflecting on the ways in which virtual, but affective, consumption is central to both food porn and pro-anorexia websites, the paper asks what the act of eating ‘triggers’ and produces, connects and displaces. It traces how eating in, and through, cyberspace shapes the biological materialities of bodies whilst also collapsing neat distinctions between offline and online worlds. Virtual vectors of spectating, salivating and digesting are disembodied and yet corporeal. Eating is seen to take place beyond and among bodies and to be dissipated both spatially and temporally. As such, cyberspace is outside and other to lived corporeality, and yet also folded into and productive of the intimate geographies and embodied subjectivities of everyday lives. As eating takes myriad forms across the de-materialised viscerality of the Internet, it also emerges as central to the production and ‘matter(ing)’ of cyberspace itself; this is (an) eating space in which what is eaten, by whom and with what bodies, perpetually shifts. Thus, seeking to contribute to geographical scholarship on affect and food, this paper engages with eating as both the subject of enquiry and also as a productive pathway into an interrogation of cyberspace and its place within the affective productions of the everyday. It suggests that this is a key site in which to explore the intimate socialities, materialities and biopolitics of food. 相似文献
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At Ducabrook property, central Queensland, the mid-Viséan Ducabrook Formation has yielded a diverse vertebrate fauna (fish and one tetrapod taxon) from a thin unit among siltstone interbedded with sandstone, minor oolitic limestone and conglomerate. Five lithofacies can be distinguished: the Oolitic Facies, distinguished by oolitic limestone and straight parallel ripple crests; the Sandy Facies, composed of plane-laminated and current-rippled sandstones; the Conglomeratic Facies, represented by pebble conglomerate displaying planar cross-bedded megaripples; the Silty Facies of siltstone with abundant calcrete nodules or sand/silt/clay interlaminations; and the Lime-Flake Facies, characterised by abundant locally derived lime flakes. The last includes the fossiliferous tetrapod unit. The Oolitic Facies was deposited in the inner (proximal) and outer (distal) zones of an estuary, based on identification of tidal sedimentary structures (e.g. mud drapes) and estuarine oolitic fabrics; the Lime-Flake Facies and Silty Facies were deposited in the estuary and lower reaches of a river and its surrounds; and the Sandy and Conglomeratic Facies represent braid-river deposits. Overall, the sequence represents intermittent deposition throughout an estuary, both within the tidal channel and the surrounding tidal flats, with additional deposition from the feeder river. The tetrapod unit, from the Lime-Flake Facies, represents a twin-peaked storm-induced flood event onto the tidal channel floor. The vertebrate bones have a shared taphonomic history and have undergone only local transport. The tetrapod and fish were spatially and temporally concurrent, probably in a shallow tidally influenced proximal estuarine habitat experiencing monsoonal conditions. Estuarine adaptations of these vertebrate taxa can explain migration along shallow-water continental shelves between the supercontinents during the Late Devonian and Early Carboniferous. 相似文献
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At Segura, granitic pegmatite veins with cassiterite and lepidolite, hydrothermal Sn–W quartz veins and Ba–Pb–Zn quartz veins intruded the Cambrian schist–metagraywacke complex and Hercynian granites. Cassiterite from Sn–W quartz veins is richer in Ti and poorer in Nb and Nb+Ta than cassiterite from granitic pegmatite. Wolframite from Sn–W quartz veins is enriched in ferberite component. The Sn–W quartz veins contain pyrrhotite, arsenopyrite, sphalerite, chalcopyrite, stannite, matildite and schapbachite and the Ba–Pb–Zn quartz veins have cobaltite, pyrite, sphalerite, chalcopyrite, galena and barite, which were analyzed by electron microprobe. The presently abandoned mining area was exploited for Sn, W, Ba and Pb until 1953. Stream sediments and soils have higher concentrations of metals than parent granites and schists. Sn, W, B, As and Cu anomalies found in stream sediments and soils are associated with Sn–W quartz veins, while Ba, Pb and Zn anomalies in stream sediments and soils are related to Ba–Pb–Zn quartz veins. Sn, W, B, As, Cu, Ba, Pb and Zn anomalies in stream sediments and soils are also related to the respective old mining activities, which increased the mobility of trace metals from mineralized veins to soils, stream sediments and waters. Stream sediments and soils are sinks of trace elements, which depend on their contents in mineralized veins and weathering processes, but Sn, W and B depend mainly on a mechanic process. Soils must not be used for agriculture and human residence due to their Sn, B, As and Ba contents. Waters associated with mineralized veins were analyzed by flame atomic absorption spectroscopy (FAAS) and ICP-AES have high As, Fe and Mn and should not be used for human consumption and agriculture activities. The highest As values in waters were all related to Sn–W quartz veins and the highest Fe and Mn values were associated with the Ba–Pb–Zn quartz veins. No significant acid drainage was found associated with the old mine workings. 相似文献
18.
Geochemical evolution of halogen-enriched granite magmas and mineralizing fluids of the Zinnwald tin-tungsten mining district,Erzgebirge, Germany 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
We remelted and analyzed crystallized silicate melt inclusions in quartz from a porphyritic albite-zinnwaldite microgranite dike to determine the composition of highly evolved, shallowly intruded, Li- and F-rich granitic magma and to investigate the role of crystal fractionation and aqueous fluid exsolution in causing the extreme extent of magma differentiation. This dike is intimately associated with tin- and tungsten-mineralized granites of Zinnwald, Erzgebirge, Germany. Prior research on Zinnwald granite geochemistry was limited by the effects of strong and pervasive greisenization and alkali-feldspar metasomatism of the rocks. These melt inclusions, however, provide important new constraints on magmatic and mineralizing processes in Zinnwald magmas.The mildly peraluminous granitic melt inclusions are strongly depleted in CAFEMIC constituents (e.g., CaO, FeO, MgO, TiO2), highly enriched in lithophile trace elements, and highly but variably enriched in F and Cl. The melt inclusions contain up to several thousand ppm Cl and nearly 3 wt% F, on average; several inclusions contain more than 5 wt% F. The melt inclusions are geochemically similar to the corresponding whole-rock sample, except that the former contain much more F and less CaO, FeO, Zr, Nb, Sr, and Ba. The Sr and Ba abundances are very low implying the melt inclusions represent magma that was more evolved than that represented by the bulk rock. Relationships involving melt constituents reflect increasing lithophile-element and halogen abundances in residual melt with progressive magma differentiation. Modeling demonstrates that differentiation was dominated by crystal fractionation involving quartz and feldspar and significant quantities of topaz and F-rich zinnwaldite. The computed abundances of the latter phases greatly exceed their abundances in the rocks, suggesting that the residual melt was separated physically from phenocrysts during magma movement and evolution.Interactions of aqueous fluids with silicate melt were also critical to magma evolution. To better understand the role of halogen-charged, aqueous fluids in magmatic differentiation and in subsequent mineralization and metasomatism of the Zinnwald granites, Cl-partitioning experiments were conducted with a F-enriched silicate melt and aqueous fluids at 2,000 bar (200 MPa). The results of the experimentally determined partition coefficients for Cl and F, the compositions of fluid inclusions in quartz and other phenocrysts, and associated geochemical modeling point to an important role of magmatic-hydrothermal fluids in influencing magma geochemistry and evolution. The exsolution of halogen-charged fluids from the Li- and F-enriched Zinnwald granitic magma modified the Cl, alkali, and F contents of the residual melt, and may have also sequestered Li, Sn, and W from the melt. Many of these fluids contained strongly elevated F concentrations that were equivalent to or greater than their Cl abundances. The exsolution of F-, Cl-, Li-, ± W- and Sn-bearing hydrothermal fluids from Zinnwald granite magmas was important in effecting the greisenizing and alkali-feldspathizing metasomatism of the granites and the concomitant mineralization.Editorial Handling: B. Lehmann 相似文献
19.
对重金属和辐射污染的土壤和地下水的微生物修复 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
由重金属和辐射产生的环境污染在世界范围内产生了一系列问题.利用特殊的微生物如金属还原和耐金属细菌对环境中的金属和辐射污染进行处理具有非常好的前景.现场的生物修复的成功应用将对清除污染环境中的重金属和辐射提供潜在方法.最近的研究还关注于了解在微生物群体内重金属和辐射对微生物的作用.生物毯和生物膜是在生物修复中具有代表性的两种微生物群落的机能.金属的种类和价态变化、转移过程以及微生物代谢作用是对金属和辐射生物修复的三种重要的组成部分.结合以上三方面,可以更好的了解自然中的微生物和生物修复过程之间的关系. 相似文献
20.
The plutonic rocks in the Kwandonkaya complex, located within the NYG province of Nigeria, have some hypersolvus granites composed mainly of orthoclase microperthite and interstitial annite. These are inferred to have formed from a relatively F-poor, and relatively dry felsic melt. During cooling, Al–Si order was not completely achieved when the inversion of sanidiness to orthoclase and exsolution occurred. A majority of the granites contain intermediate to low microcline with annite to siderophyllite. The samples were incipiently modified in the subsolidus at very low fluid–rock ratios. Drusy granites result from resurgent boiling and volatile loss, which produced orthoclase-dominant feldspar and zoned zinnwaldite, with microcline lining cavities, whereas late loss of volatiles resulted in low microcline and zinnwaldite and metasomatism associated with cassiterite-topaz mineralization. Mica composition in both types of drusy granite is similar and seems to have been fluid-buffered. Albitization was rock-buffered and resulted in variable degree of Al–Si order in K-feldspar and mild modification of mica composition. Key factors affecting both the degree of Al–Si order of K-feldspar and mica compositions at Kwandonkaya seem to be the degree of volatile build-up and loss, and extent of fluid–rock interactions. 相似文献