共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 593 毫秒
1.
利用现场监控量测的数据及时分析和评价支护结构的内力是隧道动态设计和施工的关键问题,对保证隧道施工的安全具有重要意义。根据初期支护中喷射混凝土自身特点,将喷层结构视为弹性地基曲梁,并运用弹性地基曲梁理论,通过喷射混凝土与围岩接触应力推求喷层结构内力的解析解,从而得到喷层结构的应力集中部位,方便后续制定施工安全措施。经台阶法开挖的隧道工程实例分析表明,从喷层与围岩接触应力出发来求解喷层结构内力解析式是隧道内力分析一种新的有效方法,为隧道结构的安全评估提供比较可靠的依据 相似文献
2.
Knowledge on the stresses in shotcrete tunnel shells is of great importance, as to assess their safety against severe cracking
or failure. Estimation of these stresses from 3D optical displacement measurements requires shotcrete material models, which
may preferentially consider variations in the water–cement and aggregate–cement ratios. Therefore, we employ two representative
volume elements within a continuum micromechanics framework: the first one relates to cement paste (with a spherical material
phase representing cement clinker grains, needle-shaped hydrate phases with isotropically distributed spatial orientations,
a spherical water phase, and a spherical air phase; all being in mutual contact), and the second one relates to shotcrete
(with phases representing cement paste and aggregates, whereby aggregate inclusions are embedded into a matrix made up by
cement paste). Elasticity homogenization follows self-consistent schemes (at the cement paste level) and Mori–Tanaka estimates
(at the shotcrete level), and stress peaks in the hydrates related to quasi-brittle material failure are estimated by second-order
phase averages derived from the RVE-related elastic energy. The latter permits upscaling from the hydrate strength to the
shotcrete strength. Experimental data from resonant frequency tests, ultrasonics tests, adiabatic tests, uniaxial compression
tests, and nanoindentation tests suggest that shotcrete elasticity and strength can be reasonably predicted from mixture-
and hydration-independent elastic properties of aggregates, clinker, hydrates, water, and air, and from strength properties
of hydrates. At the structural level, the micromechanics model, when combined with 3D displacement measurements, predicts
that a decrease of the water–cement ratio increases the safety of the shotcrete tunnel shell. 相似文献
3.
Appropriate Uses and Practical Limitations of 2D Numerical Analysis of Tunnels and Tunnel Support Response 总被引：5，自引：3，他引：2
Nicholas Vlachopoulos Mark S. Diederichs 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2014,32(2):469-488
In spite of the gradual development of three-dimensional analysis packages utilizing finite element models or finite difference algorithms for stress–strain calculations, two-dimensional (2D) analysis is still used as the primary engineering tool for practical analysis of tunnel behavior and tunnel support performance for design—particularly at the preliminary stage of a project. The applicability of 2D finite element analysis or analytical convergence confinement solutions to staged support installation depend on the application of an assumed or validated longitudinal displacement profile. Convergence in commonly applied 2D staged models is controlled by boundary displacement or internal pressure relaxation. While there have been developments to improve this methodology, this often assumes independence between the ground reaction curve and the support resistance, independence between the longitudinal displacement profile to support application, and the assumption that non-isotropic stresses and non-circular geometries can be handled in the same way as circular tunnels in isotropic conditions. This paper examines the validity of these assumptions and the error inherent in these extensions to 2D tunnel analysis. Anisotropic stresses and lagged (staged) excavation present a particular problem. Practical solutions are proposed for support longitudinal displacement LDPs in simplified conditions. 相似文献
4.
This paper presents a practical procedure for assessing the system reliability of a rock tunnel. Three failure modes, namely, inadequate support capacity, excessive tunnel convergence, and insufficient rockbolt length, are considered and investigated using a deterministic model of ground-support interaction analysis based on the convergence–confinement method (CCM). The failure probability of each failure mode is evaluated from the first-order reliability method (FORM) and the response surface method (RSM) via an iterative procedure. The system failure probability bounds are estimated using the bimodal bounds approach suggested by Ditlevsen (1979), based on the reliability index and design point inferred from the FORM. The proposed approach is illustrated with an example of a circular rock tunnel. The computed system failure probability bounds compare favorably with those generated from Monte Carlo simulations. The results show that the relative importance of different failure modes to the system reliability of the tunnel mainly depends on the timing of support installation relative to the advancing tunnel face. It is also shown that reliability indices based on the second-order reliability method (SORM) can be used to achieve more accurate bounds on the system failure probability for nonlinear limit state surfaces. The system reliability-based design for shotcrete thickness is also demonstrated. 相似文献
5.
Alireza Talebinejad Hamid Chakeri Mahdi Moosavi Yılmaz Özçelik Bahtiyar Ünver Mehmet Ali Hindistan 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2014,7(9):3913-3923
Underground structures are currently widely used and are built as urbanism develops. The interactions between perpendicularly crossing and parallel tunnels in the Tehran region are investigated by using a full three-dimensional (3D) finite difference analysis with elastic-plastic material models. Special attention is paid to the effect of subsequent tunneling on the support system, i.e., the shotcrete lining and rock bolts of the existing tunnel. Eventually, as the tunnels are excavated at certain levels, the interaction between the tunnels will certainly have a significant influence on both stress distribution and consequently deformations. Since multilayer tunneling is a three-dimensional phenomenon in nature, 3D numerical solutions must be utilized for analyzing effect of perpendicularly crossing tunnels at various levels. As Tohid twin tunnels and Line 7 pass beneath the Line 4 metro tunnel, changes in stress distribution, deformations, and surface settlements are studied for various conditions and the results are presented in this paper. Consequently, it is shown that there is a significant interaction between tunnels that necessitate certain preventive measures to maintain a stable tunneling operation. 相似文献
6.
Shunsuke Sakurai 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》1978,2(2):159-175
The pressure acting on tunnel support structures generally increases with lapse in time. The pressure increase may be caused by not only the time-dependent mechanical properties of the underground medium, but also by the progression of the tunnel face. In order to clarify these two effects, three-dimensional analysis is required. In this study, however, a method which takes into account the three-dimensional effects of the tunnel face progression in two-dimensional plane strain analyses is proposedby introducing the ‘equivalent intial stress’. The proposed method can be easily applied to time-dependent analyses of the behaviour of tunnel support structures installed in a visco-elastic medium. The tunnels considered here are circular in shape, being driven in homogeneous isotropic linear visco-elastic media having hydrostatic initial stresses. In the first part of this paper, detailed discussions of the proposed equivalent initial stress are given. The second deals with the mathematical formulations for obtaining closed-form solutions for the pressure acting on tunnel support structures. In the third, numerical results and discussions are given, and special attetion is paid to the effects of both the time-dependent mechanical properties of the material and the tunnel face progression. Finally, the theoretical results obtained here are utilized for interpretation of field measurements. 相似文献
7.
隧道工程中的地下水问题是富水地层中普遍存在的重要问题,地下水流动对隧道围岩稳定性有重要影响。给出了描述隧道开挖过程中力学与水力特征及表征方法,根据岩体的基本结构特征及代表性单元体（REV）是否存在提出了流固耦合模型的建立方法;提出了隧道水力耦合数值分析中的耦合计算模型的建立方法;利用数值法研究了隧道开挖渗流与应力耦合问题,得到变形和渗流场的变化规律。结果表明,隧道开挖引起的渗流影响边界大于力学影响边界,由于渗流引起的渗流力增加了围岩的应力、位移,从围岩-支护结构共同作用原理考虑,进行隧道支护结构设计时是应该考虑渗流效应的。 相似文献
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9.
基于Hoek-Brown强度准则及量化GSI围岩评级系统,分析岩体强度弱化行为,总结出确定岩体峰值及峰后强度参数的方法,提出应变软化模型的简化计算方法,并以FLAC3D数值模拟软件为工具,采用收敛-约束法对深埋大断面隧道支护结构及围岩稳定性进行分析,计算出支护结构安全系数。通过分析得出：随着围岩应力释放,岩体软化参数随之减小,岩体强度弱化行为突出;高地质强度GSI指标（GSI=75）的岩体虽然强度弱化程度较大,但围岩的变形量仍然较小,而低GSI指标（GSI=25）的岩体表现出了理想弹塑性行为;提出的简化Hoek-Brown应变软化模型适合应用于隧道中岩质相近区段围岩的研究;采用收敛-约束法对隧道支护结构的稳定性进行分析,可为隧道工程的初期支护优化设计及安全性评价提供参考。 相似文献
10.
软弱围岩隧道取消系统锚杆的现场试验研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在软弱围岩隧道中,提出初期支护结构由钢架+喷射混凝土+钢筋网+锁脚锚杆+纵向连接筋组成,即取消系统锚杆用钢架联结处的锁脚锚杆代替。以包家山隧道为依托工程,采用现场试验的方法,选取2个试验段,进行锁脚锚杆取代系统锚杆后,有、无拱部锚杆的对比试验研究。对比试验的内容包括：隧道初期支护的净空收敛、围岩压力、钢架应力、喷射混凝土应力、锚杆轴力和纵向连接筋应力等。研究结果表明：2个试验段初期支护变形趋于稳定,结构受力安全,说明取消系统锚杆不影响初期支护结构的安全与稳定;拱部锚杆有受拉,也有受压,但受力都不大,最大拉应力仅为钢材极限强度的11.8%,其支护作用不明显;锁脚锚杆大部分受拉,最大值达到191 MPa,钢架支护作用明显,在支护体系中发挥着重要作用。取消系统锚杆减少了施工工序,降低了工程造价,缩短了工序循环时间,有利于及早封闭围岩以形成完整的支护结构。经济价值和社会效益显著。 相似文献
11.
新建隧道近距离上穿施工会改变地层既有平衡应力场,引起地层应力释放,导致既有下卧隧道产生纵向隆起变形。提出了在新建隧道卸荷作用下估算既有隧道纵向变形的解析解答,既有隧道简化为搁置于Pasternak地基上的Euler-Bernoulli 梁,采用两阶段分析法分析求解。首先,通过Mindlin弹性力学经典解估算新建隧道开挖卸荷引起在既有隧道位置处的竖向附加分布荷载;其次,建立在竖向附加荷载作用下的隧道纵向变形平衡微分方程,并基于有限差分原理,获得隧道变形数值解答。经与已报道的两个工程实测结果对比发现,理论计算结果与实测数据较为吻合,基本可以反映在新建隧道近距离上穿施工过程中既有隧道的纵向变形规律,从而验证其解析解答正确性。 相似文献
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13.
隧道结构的围岩-支护特征曲线理论表明,初期支护强度变化及支护时机将极大地影响隧道周围围岩的变形及应力分布。相应地,作为初期支护重要组成部分的喷射混凝土,其喷射后的强度增长变化规律及硬化速度也极大地影响着围岩的变形及应力重分布。为探明喷射混凝土的强度增长规律及其硬化速度对初期支护性能的影响,结合隧道工程实践,进行了一系列喷射混凝土现场试验,建立了喷射混凝土强度和弹性模量增长规律,确定了喷射混凝土硬化速度对初期支护性能的影响规律。分析表明：（1）隧道喷射混凝土早期强度发展较快、较平稳,24 h抗压强度平均值为6.4 MPa,48 h抗压强度平均值为11.4 MPa。（2）在软弱围岩中提高喷混凝土的早期强度十分重要,是控制围岩变形和稳定的关键,喷混凝土早期强度越大,隧道初期支护作用越明显。（3）喷混凝土硬化速度对控制拱顶沉降变形效果较显著。与慢速硬化相比,喷射混凝土快速硬化时拱顶沉降减少10.4%,拱脚处减小17%,边墙水平收敛减少了30.7%。（4）喷射混凝土硬化速度对控制围岩塑性变形方面差异较小。（5）应充分考虑喷射混凝土的强度硬化过程,不考虑喷射混凝土硬化速度会在一定程度上高估初期支护性能,使其相应支护结构位移明显小于考虑硬化速度时相应的结构位移。 相似文献
14.
15.
As far as the bifurcated tunnel of underground engineering is concerned, it is usually used in the water conveyance system.
Due to the complexity of underground rock masses and concrete lining, researches on mechanical characteristic and stability
of the bifurcation tunnel have attracted more and more attention in the geotechnical field. In order to understand bifurcated
tunnel in detail, three-dimensional (3D) numerical method is applied to solve the above key subjects by simulating a practical
project. Furthermore, sub-model technology is applied to analyze the intersection position, corresponding deformation and
stress results in the practical condition. Meanwhile, 3D excavation and support calculation under four conditions have been
simulated based on 3D self-compiled code and Ansys software. In addition, the paper plays emphasis on the stress, displacement
analysis considering different stress releasing ratio instead of rheological analysis, and the results corresponding with
the fact indicate the feasibility of 3D elasto–visco–plastic code. 相似文献
16.
悬索桥隧道式锚碇的设计理念为锚碇夹持岩体协同承载,因而承载能力远超同体积的重力式锚碇。但因目前对围岩协同作用认识尚不充分,在当前隧道式锚碇设计中仍保守地忽略锚碇和岩体间的挤压效应。为弄清锚碇?岩体协同承载的机制,揭示隧道锚承载能力提高的本质,通过分析隧道式锚碇建设至成桥全过程受力,建立隧道锚的简化力学模型,并引用Mindlin应力解分析了荷载沿锚碇轴向的传递规律以及荷载产生的作用于锚碇?岩体间的挤压应力分布,最终给出了隧道式锚碇极限承载力的简化估算方法,并通过伍家岗大桥隧道锚工程实例分析了结果的合理性。所得结论主要有：锚碇?岩体界面力主要由锚碇自重和锚碇?岩体相互挤压产生;锚碇?岩体界面附加应力自后锚面向前锚面呈先增后减的变化趋势,在距后锚面约1/3L处达到应力峰值;以容许抗剪强度为破坏判据解得的伍家岗长江大桥隧道式锚碇的极限承载力为3 504 MN,约为16倍的设计荷载,与室内试验值基本吻合。 相似文献
17.
高水位隧道堵水限排围岩与支护相互作用分析 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
为了保护环境并尽可能降低衬砌结构所受的水压力,提出高水位山岭隧道应采取“以堵为主,限量排放”,即“堵水限排”的防排水设计原则。但对于堵水限排情况下衬砌结构的设计,目前尚没有规范可依,这是目前隧道设计施工亟待解决的问题。在隧道力学和渗流力学的基础上进行理论分析,研究渗流应力耦合作用下围岩的力学特性,利用特征曲线法分析了不同排放量下围岩与支护的相互作用,并与数值方法计算结果进行对比。计算结果表明：不同排水量下围岩特性曲线不同,支护阻力也不同,不同排水条件下围岩有效切向应力和有效径向应力的变化很明显,排水对围岩应力以及支护体系受力的影响是不容忽视的。另外,传统隧道设计方法在全排水时完全不考虑水的作用是不安全的。所得结论可为堵水限排衬砌结构设计提供理论依据。 相似文献
18.
The interactions between perpendicularly crossing tunnels in the Sydney region are investigated using a full three-dimensional (3D) finite element analysis coupled with elasto-plastic material models. Special attention is paid to the effect of subsequent tunnelling on the support system, i.e. the shotcrete lining and rock bolts, of the existing tunnel. The results of the analysis show that in a region such as Sydney, with relatively high horizontal stresses, installation of the new tunnel causes the shotcrete lining of the existing tunnel to be in tension in the side facing towards the tunnel opening and in compression at the crown and invert. The pre-stressed rock bolts are usually tensioned more in the sections closest to the tunnel opening. For this particular study, if a new tunnel is driven perpendicularly beneath an existing tunnel, significant increases are induced in the bending moments in the shotcrete lining at the lateral sides of the existing tunnel and in the axial forces at its crown and invert. The increase in side bending moments causes further tensile cracking but the crown and invert stresses remain within the thresholds for both compressive failure and tensile cracking for shotcrete lining of typical concrete quality. Moreover, the driving of the new tunnel causes the tensile forces in the existing side rock bolts to increase and those in the existing crown rock bolts to decrease. In contrast, if the new tunnel is driven perpendicularly above the existing tunnel, compressive failure of the existing shotcrete lining is induced at the crown of the deeper tunnel for concrete of typical capacity and a significant tensile force increase of the existing rock bolts around the crown. It is concluded that in order to ensure the stability of the existing tunnel, local thickening is needed at the sides of the existing shotcrete lining if the shallow tunnel is installed first and local thickening is needed at the crown if the deep tunnel is installed first. 相似文献
19.
深埋隧道外水压力计算的解析-数值法 总被引：16，自引：5，他引：16
在高水头富水区，抗水压衬砌设计的关键在于外水压力的计算。深埋隧道排水时，沿轴线方向上流入隧道的水量来自于隧道掌子面的前方，当隧道施工足够长度后，可以认为已施工断面的地下水只从隧道两侧向断面内运动，此时可将三维问题处理为二维。对于深埋隧道，当其断面远小于水头时，可处理为一个点井；隧道全断面排水时，隧道断面线可处理为定流量边界。首先建立隧道排水的水文地质概念模型，采和经验解析法预测隧道的涌水量，然后将涌水量代入隧道围岩渗流的剖面二维模型，模拟隧道排水时围岩渗流场的分布，再采用作用系数的方法计算出隧道衬砌的外水压力。 相似文献
20.
Support system suggestion based on back-analysis results case study: Babolak water conveyance tunnel
Ehsan Dadashi Kaveh Ahangari Ali Noorzad Alireza Arab 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2012,5(6):1297-1306
Determining in-situ soil or rock geotechnical properties is a difficult task for a design engineer. Back analysis is a helpful technique for evaluating soil property by considering and measuring the convergence of an underground opening. Back analysis was performed by matching numerical modeling results with the measured tunnel convergence. The main purpose of this study was to determine optimum rock mass properties using back analysis in order to suggest the best and most economical support system. Accordingly, the difference between measured and calculated convergence values was minimized by using an error function (objective function). In this paper, through the parameters obtained from back analysis, a support system based on a set consisting of shotcrete, wire mesh, and lattice girder was suggested for the Babolak water conveyance tunnel in Mazandaran, Iran. Therefore, the suggested design was based on decreasing shotcrete thickness from 25 to 20?cm and eliminating of rock bolts. 相似文献