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1.
《中华人民共和国地貌图集》的研究与编制 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
《中华人民共和国地貌图集(1∶100万)》是全面反映我国地貌宏观规律、揭示区域地貌空间分异的国家级基本比例尺基础性图集。本文回顾了我国地貌制图的发展历程,阐述了全国百万数字地貌遥感综合解译和地貌图集编制的过程,从图集内容结构、数值地貌分类体系、数据基础、地貌遥感解析技术、数字地貌数据库共享系统、地貌图图例系统、图集编制及印刷技术、图集蝴蝶装帧技术等方面详细分析了地貌图集的研究内容和编制特色。地貌图集研究成果已在全国土地调查、区域规划、环境保护和灾害监测等多个方面得到广泛应用。 相似文献
2.
Research and compilation of the Geomorphologic Atlas of the People’s Republic of China (1:1,000,000)
CHENG Weiming ZHOU Chenghu CHAI Huixia ZHAO Shangmin LIU Haijiang ZHOU Zengpo 《地理学报》2011,21(1):89-100
Geomorphologic maps are one of the most fundamental materials of the natural environment. They have been widely used in scientific research, resource exploration and extraction, education and military affairs etc. An editorial committee was established in 2001 to collect materials for researching and compiling a set of new 1:1,000,000 geomorphologic atlas of China. A digital geomorphologic database was created with visual interpretation from Landsat TM/ETM imageries and SRTM-DEM etc. The atlas compiled from the database was finished. The main characteristics of the atlas are as follows: Firstly, Landsat TM/ETM imageries, published geomorphologic maps or sketches, geographical base maps, digital geological maps, and other thematic maps were collected, which were uniformly geometrically rectified, clipped into uniform sheets, and stored in the foundation database. Secondly, based on the legends of 15 sheets 1:1,000,000 maps published in the 1980s, a geomorphologic classification system was built by combining morphology and genesis types. The system comprised seven hierarchical layers: basic morphology, genesis, sub-genesis, morphology, micro-morphology, slope and aspect, material composition and lithology. These layers were stored in the database during visual image interpretation. About 2000 kinds of morpho- genesis and 300 kinds of morpho-structure were interpreted. Thirdly, the legend system was built, which included color, symbol bases and note bases etc., compilation standards and procedures were developed, 74 sheets of 1:1,000,000 covering all land and sea territories of China were compiled, the 1:1,000,000 geomorphologic atlas of the People’s Republic of China was finished and published. The atlas will fill the blanks in national basic scale thematic maps, and the geomorphologic database could be applied widely in many fields in the future. 相似文献
3.
PRITHVISH NAG 《International journal of geographical information science》2013,27(2):181-187
Abstract Attempts have been made by different organizations in India to organize data in order to develop a suitable information system. These attempts were oriented towards specific uses, such as natural resources, data management, thematic mapping and the like. In some attempts software has been developed for some specific purpose. It is not an easy task to develop an information system for a country such as India. Its extent in latitude and longitude is well above average. There are federal and state agencies for the collection of data and the preparation of maps. The geographical information concerning India is available from the following sources: the administrative areas of states, union territories, districts, sub-districts and villages; survey sheets; remote sensing images; aerial photographs; and thematic base maps of the National Atlas and Thematic Mapping Organisation. There are other map series available which have been used for socio-economic mapping. By the end of 1987 the Indian Remote Sensing Satellite will be launched and then remotely-sensed data will be readily available. Considering the geographical bases available in the country, five levels can be identified for developing an information system for India. Some of the thematic maps at 1:1000 000 scale can be used for initiating such a geographical information system. 相似文献
4.
《中华人民共和国地貌图集》的研究与编制 总被引：6，自引：4，他引：2
CHENG Weiming ZHOU Chenghu CHAI Huixia ZHAO Shangmin LIU Haijiang ZHOU Zengpo 《地理学报(英文版)》2011,21(1):89-100
Geomorphologic maps are one of the most fundamental materials of the natural environment. They have been widely used in scientific research,resource exploration and extraction,education and military affairs etc. An editorial committee was established in 2001 to collect materials for researching and compiling a set of new 1:1,000,000 geomorphologic atlas of China. A digital geomorphologic database was created with visual interpretation from Landsat TM/ETM imageries and SRTM-DEM etc. The atlas compiled from the database was finished. The main characteristics of the atlas are as follows:Firstly,Landsat TM/ETM imageries,published geomorphologic maps or sketches,geographical base maps,digital geological maps,and other thematic maps were collected,which were uniformly geometrically rectified,clipped into uniform sheets,and stored in the foundation database. Secondly,based on the legends of 15 sheets 1:1,000,000 maps published in the 1980s,a geomorphologic classification system was built by combining morphology and genesis types. The system comprised seven hierarchical layers:basic morphology,genesis,sub-genesis,morphology,micro-morphology,slope and aspect,material composition and lithology. These layers were stored in the database during visual image interpretation. About 2000 kinds of morpho-genesis and 300 kinds of morpho-structure were interpreted. Thirdly,the legend system was built,which included color,symbol bases and note bases etc.,compilation standards and procedures were developed,74 sheets of 1:1,000,000 covering all land and sea territories of China were compiled,the 1:1,000,000 geomorphologic atlas of the People’s Republic of China was finished and published. The atlas will fill the blanks in national basic scale thematic maps,and the geomorphologic database could be applied widely in many fields in the future. 相似文献
5.
Gary L. Raines Katherine A. Connors Lesley B. Chorlton 《Natural Resources Research》2007,16(2):191-198
Geologic maps are a fundamental data source used to define mineral-resource potential tracts for the first step of a mineral
resource assessment. Further, it is generally believed that the scale of the geologic map is a critical consideration. Previously
published research has demonstrated that the U.S. Geological Survey porphyry tracts identified for the United States, which
are based on 1:500,000-scale geology and larger scale data and published at 1:1,000,000 scale, can be approximated using a
more generalized 1:2,500,000-scale geologic map. Comparison of the USGS porphyry tracts for the United States with weights-of-evidence
models made using a 1:10,000,000-scale geologic map, which was made for petroleum applications, and a 1:35,000,000-scale geologic
map, which was created as context for the distribution of porphyry deposits, demonstrates that, again, the USGS US porphyry
tracts identified are similar to tracts defined on features from these small scale maps. In fact, the results using the 1:35,000,000-scale
map show a slightly higher correlation with the USGS US tract definition, probably because the conceptual context for this
small-scale map is more appropriate for porphyry tract definition than either of the other maps. This finding demonstrates
that geologic maps are conceptual maps. The map information shown in each map is selected and generalized for the map to display
the concepts deemed important for the map maker’s purpose. Some geologic maps of small scale prove to be useful for regional
mineral-resource tract definition, despite the decrease in spatial accuracy with decreasing scale. The utility of a particular
geologic map for a particular application is critically dependent on the alignment of the intention of the map maker with
the application. 相似文献
6.
《中华人民共和国地方病与环境图集》是一部展示人类疾病与生态环境关系的新型地图集。本文重点论述它的编制意义、原则、特点和方法。 相似文献
7.
1:25万《毛乌素风沙地貌图》的编制 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
风沙地貌图是认识和研究沙漠（沙地）最基本的图件。毛乌素沙漠沙丘类型复杂多样,对毛乌素沙漠风沙地貌进行详细划分,编制《毛乌素风沙地貌图》对深入研究毛乌素沙漠风沙地貌成因、分布和演化规律具有重要意义。根据编图范围和印刷纸张的要求,将《毛乌素风沙地貌图》的比例尺确定为1∶25万。选用1∶10万地形图作为基础资料,并以1∶5万地形图和1∶20万地质图作为补充资料;专题内容资料以landset-8卫星影像为主,结合Google Earth影像对部分细节内容进行补充。在形态成因相关分析的基础上建立地貌分类体系,将毛乌素沙漠地貌划分为风成地貌、湖成地貌、流水地貌、干燥地貌、黄土地貌和其他等6类,其中风成地貌是本图重点展示的内容。根据毛乌素沙漠的地貌特征,采用图例系统和地貌晕渲相结合的方法表示毛乌素沙漠的具体地貌类型,其中图例系统包括底色、符号、代码和注记等多种表示方法,地貌晕渲的使用增强了地貌的立体感,使地图看起来更加美观。 相似文献
8.
腾格里沙漠虽经过多次小规模专题考察,始终未见有沙漠专题地图编制出版,多数只作为专著中的插图加以表现。为此,编制《腾格里沙漠地貌图》显得十分重要,不仅能反映出腾格里沙漠的全貌,还能体现沙漠发展规律、演变特点、分布特征等。依据腾格里沙漠的图幅范围、地貌类型以及印刷纸张规格的要求,将《腾格里沙漠地貌图》的比例尺定为1∶40万。选用1∶25万地形图作为地理基础底图,采用1∶10万地形图作为沙丘符号编绘过渡性的工作底图,专题内容编绘以Google Earth影像资料为主。《腾格里沙漠地貌图》的地貌类型包括风积地貌、风蚀地貌以及其他地貌,其中风积地貌是重点展示的内容。根据腾格里沙漠地貌类型,在编图过程中共设计了16种形态结构类型符号,采用分层设色表示沙丘相对高度,用箭头符号表示沙丘移动方向。 相似文献
9.
《中华人民共和国国家农业地图集》是我国第一部大型综合性农业科学参考地图集。本文探讨了该地图集的设计原则。详述了地图集的设计特点:(1)以宏观农业系统思想为指导,精心选题设计;(2)全面综合地显示我国农业生产的特点和发展变化;(3)综合反映我国地学、农学、生物学的最新科研成果;(4)遥感制图、机助制图和传统制图的有机结合。 相似文献
10.
论旅游地图编制内容更新的若干问题 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
本文是在《新疆维吾尔自治区旅游图》、《新疆与周边国家导游图》、《丝绸之路图》的编制实践中,结合目前市场上出版发行的十多种旅游地图进行比较分析,进而指出从中发现的问题,提出区域性旅游地图编制内容更新值得探讨的若干问题。 相似文献
11.
DAYONG SHEN YULING LIU SHENGLI HUANG 《Geografiska Annaler: Series A, Physical Geography》2012,94(3):377-393
The estimation of ice/snow accumulation is of great significance in quantifying the mass balance of ice sheets and variation in water resources. Improving the accuracy and reducing uncertainty has been a challenge for the estimation of annual accumulation over the Greenland ice sheet. In this study, we kriged and analyzed the spatial pattern of accumulation based on an observation data series including 315 points used in a recent research, plus 101 ice cores and snow pits and newly compiled 23 coastal weather station data. The estimated annual accumulation over the Greenland ice sheet is 31.2 g cm?2 yr?1, with a standard error of 0.9 g cm?2 yr?1. The main differences between the improved map developed in this study and the recently published accumulation maps are in the coastal areas, especially southeast and southwest regions. The analysis of accumulations versus elevation reveals the distribution patterns of accumulation over the Greenland ice sheet. 相似文献
12.
A. K. BREGT J. DENNEBOOM H. J. GESINK Y. VAN RANDEN 《International journal of geographical information science》2013,27(3):361-367
Abstract The digital soil map of The Netherlands (scale 1: 50 000) in vector form was rasterized using three sizes of raster cell and two different rasterizing methods. The rasterizing errors were estimated for several map sheets of different complexity using the double-conversion method, the Switzer method and the Goodchild method. The relationship between the complexity of the maps, indicated by the boundary index, and the rasterizing error is presented as a regression equation. The double-conversion method provided a better estimation of the rasterizing error than the other two methods. Differences of less than 1 per cent were found between the rasterizing methods used. 相似文献
13.
Application of Mineral Exploration Models and GIS to Generate Mineral Potential Maps as Input for Optimum Land-Use Planning in the Philippines 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
Carranza Emmanuel John M. Mangaoang Jerrysal C. Hale Martin 《Natural Resources Research》1999,8(2):165-173
The inherent problems of classifying or inventorying potential mineral resources (as opposed to known mineral resources) pose specific challenges. In this paper, the application of a conceptual mineral exploration model and GIS to generate mineral potential maps as input to land-use policy decision-making is illustrated. We implement the criteria provided by a conceptual exploration model for nickeliferous-laterites by using a GIS to classify the nickeliferous-laterite potential of an area in the northeastern part of the Philippines. The spatial data inputs to the GIS are geological map data, topographic map data, and stream sediment point data. Processing of these data yields derivative maps, which are used as indicators of nickeliferous-laterite potential. The indicator maps then are integrated to furnish a nickeliferous-laterite potential map. This map is compared with present land-use classification and policy in the area. The results indicate high potential for nickeliferous-laterite occurrence in the area, but the zones of potential are in places where mineral resources development is prohibited. The prohibition was imposed before the nickeliferous-laterite potential was assessed by this study. Mineral potential classification therefore is a critical input to land-use policy-making so that prospective land is not alienated from future mineral resource development. 相似文献
14.
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16.
Philip J. Gersmehl 《The Professional geographer》1985,37(3):329-334
In 1977, I published a set of coarse-resolution dot maps that showed the general distributions of soil orders in the 48 states. Through a sequence of copies made by various people, one of those maps eventually appeared in a planning document as a shaded-area map with the title “Principal Peatlands of the United States.” Along the way a saline desert muck of conjectural extent and location was “transformed” into a documented energy resource for the nation. The history of this map offers a clear lesson for mapmakers: we have a three-fold duty, to the data, to the map reader, and to any third party who might be affected by a foreseeable misinterpretation of our maps. 相似文献
17.
《徐霞客游记》的科学性和时代性——怒江、腾冲地区的实地验证 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
作者选取本人身历其境作过工作的怒江、腾冲地区来验证《徐霞客游记》,从徐氏进步的地理概念、游记严谨的逻辑结构、游记作者观察的细致深入等方面论述了徐霞客的献身精神和不朽贡献。 相似文献
18.
T. L. Lei 《International journal of geographical information science》2013,27(2):283-304
Seabed sediment textural parameters such as mud, sand and gravel content can be useful surrogates for predicting patterns of benthic biodiversity. Multibeam sonar mapping can provide near-complete spatial coverage of high-resolution bathymetry and backscatter data that are useful in predicting sediment parameters. Multibeam acoustic data collected across a ～1000 km2 area of the Carnarvon Shelf, Western Australia, were used in a predictive modelling approach to map eight seabed sediment parameters. Four machine learning models were used for the predictive modelling: boosted decision tree, random forest decision tree, support vector machine and generalised regression neural network. The results indicate overall satisfactory statistical performance, especially for %Mud, %Sand, Sorting, Skewness and Mean Grain Size. The study also demonstrates that predictive modelling using the combination of machine learning models has provided the ability to generate prediction uncertainty maps. However, the single models were shown to have overall better prediction performance than the combined models. Another important finding was that choosing an appropriate set of explanatory variables, through a manual feature selection process, was a critical step for optimising model performance. In addition, machine learning models were able to identify important explanatory variables, which are useful in identifying underlying environmental processes and checking predictions against the existing knowledge of the study area. The sediment prediction maps obtained in this study provide reliable coverage of key physical variables that will be incorporated into the analysis of covariance of physical and biological data for this area. 相似文献
19.
Randall J. Schaetzl Helen Enander Michael D. Luehmann David P. Lusch Carolyn Fish Michael Bigsby 《自然地理学》2013,34(1):2-39
Abstract We present a new physiographic map of Michigan, that is also available interactively, online. Only four, small-scale physiographic maps of Michigan had been previously published. Our mapping project made use of a wide variety of spatial data, in a GIS environment, to visualize and delineate the physical landscape in more detail than has been done previously. We also examined many of the unit boundaries in the field, using a GIS running on a GPS-enabled laptop. Unlike previous physiographic maps, the online version of the map enables users to query the criteria used to define each of the 224 boundaries of its 10 major and 91 minor physiographic units. The interactive nature of the online version of the map is a unique enhancement to physiographic maps and mapping. Our study also provides data on the number and types of criteria used to define each of the 224 unit boundaries within the map. Most of our unit boundaries are based on data derived from 10-m raster elevation data and NRCS soils data, e.g., relief, soil wetness, escarpments, landscape fabric, and parent material characteristics. Data gleaned from NRCS SSURGO county-scale soil maps were a strength of the project. [Key words: Michigan, physiography, landforms, soils, GIS, mapping] 相似文献
20.
《Norsk geografisk tidsskrift. Norwegian journal of geography》2012,66(4):264-270
Abstract Einevoll, O. 1968. Land Classification Maps of Areas Basic to Agricultural Production. Norsk geogr. Tidsskr. 22, 264–270. In Norway, a detailed land survey, based on photogrammetry, is now proceeding for land classification maps of the scale 1:5,000 (for certain minor areas 1:10,000) covering agricultural areas and including forest land. The areas to be mapped are classified according to land capability and general conditions of management. Containing a great deal of additional information as well, these maps will serve as a valuable aid in land use planning. The survey is designed to be completed in 12–15 year's time. More roughly designed maps for the entire country on the scale 1:100,000 and 1:250,000, printed in colour, will be produced within two years' time. Intermediate maps of 1:20,000, containing an extended number of land types, will be undertaken gradually, after the appearance of the large scale map series. Property boundaries recorded in connexion with the surveying for the large scale maps will serve as the basis for a complete land register containing exact information about size and land properties of individual holdings. 相似文献