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盐渍土是江苏沿海地区开发建设需关注的地质环境问题之一。本文系统采集5 m以浅的土样,开展易溶盐试验,研究了江苏沿海盐渍土分布规律、盐渍化程度及影响因素。研究结果表明:全区盐渍土平行于海岸线分布;以中、弱盐渍土为主,强盐渍土零星分布。受沉积环境、气候、水文地质条件、人类活动等共同影响,盐渍化程度空间差异明显。平面上,盐渍化程度呈北强南弱、向海岸线方向延伸有逐渐增强的趋势,强盐渍土分布于连云港黏性土区,岩性、地下水矿化度为主导影响因素。垂向上,表层普遍积盐,连云港地区分带不明显,大丰和南通地区自地表而下可划分为三带,表层土蒸发积盐、中层盐动态变化、下层土饱水盐稳定,地下水位、土体结构为主导影响因素。随着沿海大开发的快速推进,为防止次生盐渍化问题,需关注地面沉降导致的地面高程损失诱发海水入侵加重表层土盐渍化,工程建设中可设置隔离层截断高矿化度地下水的毛细作用。 相似文献
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前陆区盐层对盐上盐下层构造高点的控制及石油地质意义 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
盐构造区经常有盐上、盐下层构造高点不对应的现象.根据边界受力条件的不同和盐岩与其他岩类的流变学性质的差异, 建立了在盐参入变形条件下, 前陆充填变形的盐上、盐下层构造高点关系的2种情况, 即当造山楔向前陆充填盐下层楔入时, 盐上向斜槽部对应盐下背斜顶部; 当造山楔向前陆充填仰冲时, 盐上背斜后翼对应盐下背斜顶部, 盐上背斜顶部对应盐下背斜前翼.结合库车前陆区的石油勘探实践, 讨论了2种情况的石油地质意义. 相似文献
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曹妃甸浅滩潮道保护意义及曹妃甸新老填海规划对比分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
曹妃甸填海工程是全国第一大填海工程,拟填海造陆310 km2,建设曹妃甸工业区。曹妃甸海区有曹妃甸外缘深槽和老龙沟深槽两大港口潜力区,建设曹妃甸工业区,使其充分发挥优良港口的作用是合理的。但填海面积过大,填挖土石方严重不平衡,尤其是通岛公路的建设阻断了曹妃甸浅滩潮道是曹妃甸老填海规划的主要缺陷。曹妃甸浅滩潮道是浅滩区的重要潮流通道,对维护老龙沟深槽港口潜力区和区域海洋环境有重要作用,不应被阻断而应当保留畅通。海洋专家们的呼吁对曹妃甸填海规划的修改起了重要作用。近来出台的曹妃甸新填海规划做了重大修改:准备再开通浅滩潮道,恢复北东东向的浅滩潮流系统;要在老龙沟附近修建一个大港池,使老龙沟深槽港口潜力区得到保护和利用;填挖土石方平衡有了明显改善;增加了岸线;减轻了对海洋环境的影响。但仍然存在某些需要进一步完善和推敲之处。津塘—曹妃甸地区是中国两大地面沉降区之一,应做好防止地面沉降、海洋灾害及地震灾害等隐患的准备。填海面积不宜过大,少填多察,多做海洋环境检测。填海要在海洋环境容量能够承受的情况下循序渐进地进行。 相似文献
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旱—半干旱高寒地区土壤盐渍化,对区域农牧业发展及地质环境造成较大的影响。本文在西藏扎西康矿集区环境地质调查的基础上,通过对宿麦朗沟盐渍化3处土壤剖面系统采样分析,查明土壤盐分的空间分布及盐渍化成因。结果表明：相同层位土壤电导率与水溶性盐分总量之间呈正相关关系,0~80cm之间,土壤中盐分离子含量变化较大;80cm之下,土壤盐分含量趋于稳定;因子分析进一步揭示,研究区土壤盐分主要由氯离子、钠离子组成,两者之间相关性较强（R2=0.9592）;维美组地层以高硅、高钠为特征,三角洲及河流相的沉积环境及地下水活动等共同造成该区域土壤盐渍化。在此基础上,针对性地提出了降低地下水位、定期人工喷淋洗盐及施入有机肥料等方法是干旱区土壤盐渍化防治的有利措施。 相似文献
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历代治理黄河的工程活动,都着眼于治水,而忽视了治沙,以致黄河逐渐成为地上悬河和黄淮海平原的分水岭。这既改变了我国第一大平原的原生地质环境,又在近800余年来建造了面积达10000km2以上的渤海、黄海三角洲和苏北滨海平原的新的地质环境。此文根据历史事实,建议改变传统的治黄观念,应该重视黄河泥沙这一宝贵财富,有目的、有计划地,而不是任其自然地将黄河泥沙引到适宜的地区填海造陆。黄土高原水土流失,泥沙无穷,黄河搬运日久天长,较之挖山填海,优越无比。
该文认为黄河泥沙造陆的理想地区是苏北的黄海之滨,而不是渤海。渤海面积狭小,又是我国的内海。以黄河泥沙填于渤海指日可待,而渤海变陆,对华北、东北的气候、水文、环境等都十分不利。 相似文献
该文认为黄河泥沙造陆的理想地区是苏北的黄海之滨,而不是渤海。渤海面积狭小,又是我国的内海。以黄河泥沙填于渤海指日可待,而渤海变陆,对华北、东北的气候、水文、环境等都十分不利。 相似文献
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疏勒河流域地处西北内陆干旱区。正在实施的疏勒河流域农业灌溉开发工程项目区，盐濑讲坛亍开发面积之６０％以上，盐渍土改良和盐渍化防治问题直接影响效益目标的实现。在论述流域水循环系统及其对土壤积盐规律控制的基础上，分析了农业灌溉工程实施后水循环系统的变化，对一些可能出现盐渍化问题的地区，进行了相应的预报。针对不财区盐渍化具体问题提出了改良方案和防治意见。 相似文献
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随着人类社会的高速发展,沿海城市不断采取填海造地工程来缓解紧张的土地供求关系,给人们带来生态负效应。为确定地质环境对填海造地工程活动的适宜程度,避免和减少地质环境问题,对填海造地区开展地质环境适宜性评价十分必要。本文以珠海某填海造地区为研究对象,通过地形地貌、水文地质条件、工程地质条件、地壳稳定性及地质灾害五个环境质量层面确定7个评价因子,基于模糊数学综合评判法,借助计算机及Mapgis功能,对剖分的评价单元格进行评价因子量化赋值及计算,最终将填海造地区划分为地质环境适宜区、较适宜区、适宜性中等区和适宜性差区。研究区内填海造地区的地质环境适宜性多为中等~差,主要是因为软土层厚度较大,成土时间相对较短,工程地质条件差,局部地段为咸水区,地下水具备一定腐蚀性。研究结果为填海区的可持续发展提供参考依据。 相似文献
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在温度场、湿度场和人工水渠等多场耦合作用下,土体与外界环境的热交换条件和水热输运过程的改变极易引起土体成分和结构的变异,从而引发区域的生态失衡和次生盐渍化。本文选择吉林西部的农安、大安、乾安和镇赉4个典型盐渍化地区作为长期观测和研究评价的地点,对多场(水、热、盐)循环条件下不同盖层盐渍土进行现场调查取样,对室外内的工程地质性质、物理化学性质和物质组成进行了长期观测和测试分析。结果表明:吉林西部盐渍土属于碳酸型盐渍土,水分迁移量为3.5%4.6%;易溶盐质量分数总体随深度增加而降低,并且盐水在剖面上的分布明显受到季节影响,旱季蒸发作用和冬季土体冻结作用促使盐分随水分向上运移,浅表土体盐分大量集聚;随深度增加,阳离子交换量的变化趋势基本与易溶盐质量分数变化的趋势相同。 相似文献
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季节冻土区水盐迁移及土体变形特性模型试验研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为研究盐渍化冻土水分、盐分迁移规律以及变形特性,探索寒区旱区土壤盐渍化机制,配制了不同含盐量的粉质黏土进行模型试验。试验结果表明,温度、水分、盐分和土体变形之间相互耦合。温度降低有利于盐晶体析出和未冻水结冰;反之,温度升高易于晶体溶解和冰融化。水盐相变过程中伴随能量的释放或吸收,影响土体温度。盐分改变了流体的动力黏度和土体冻结温度,并且盐分结晶使土体产生较大的吸力,加剧了未冻水含量的变化。水分是盐分迁移的介质,盐分以离子形式随未冻水迁移。降温期水分盐分向上迁移,升温期迁移方向相反。迁移速率与吸力有关,冻结缘附近吸力最大,速率最快。盐渍化冻土的变形是盐分和水分共同作用的结果,含盐量较低时冻胀和融沉是土体变形的主要因素;当含盐量较高时盐胀和溶陷占主导作用。 相似文献
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黄土地层中的CaCO3与环境 总被引：20，自引：1，他引：20
本文根据大量观察分析,对黄土地层中的CaCO3含量、存在形式、淀积深度进行了研究,并进行了分类。结果表明,不仅CaCO3含量能够反映气候变化,而且其存在形式和淀积深度同样能反映气候变化;其淀积深度很少受时间影响,比含量更能可靠地用于气候研究。 相似文献
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土壤中的氮素是植物生长发育的基础,由于城市湿地土壤受特殊水文条件影响,土壤全氮(TN)的分布规律和影响机制较为复杂,因此研究土壤TN的空间分布特征具有重大的生态意义。本文以再生水为主要补给水源的北京门城湖湿地公园为研究区,运用ArcGIS和地统计学对该区土壤TN的空间分布特征进行研究。结果表明:研究区土壤TN质量分数较高,差值明显,变异系数达47.35%;比较不同的植物群落区可知,香蒲群落区土壤TN质量分数最高。对影响研究区土壤TN分布的因素分析得出:土壤TN、全磷(TP)质量分数呈极显著正相关关系(r=0.81,P0.01);TN、土壤有机质(SOM)质量分数呈显著正相关关系(r=0.62,P0.05);气候因子中,湿度和温度对TN分布同样影响显著。水质参数中,再生水出水口处测得的土壤TN的指标数值更高,随出水口距离的增加,参数值总体呈下降趋势且逐步趋于稳定,说明植被对湿地土壤中氮素空间分布的调整具有重要作用。 相似文献
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Soil water conservation is essential to the sustainability of sandy farming. In this paper, long-term observation of soil water, dry soil thickness and soil chemical changes are evaluated at eight locations in sandy soil. This paper subdivides the sandy lands and deserts of China into three climate zones: arid (hyperarid and extremely arid), semiarid, and humid (subhumid and subtropical humid), with respect to the bioclimatic zone, aridity, soil water content, and soil chemical characteristics. The water movement conditions, and chemical variations in each zone are analyzed. The paper also estimates the spatial and temporal correlation function of arid soil thickness and soil moisture. Sandy soils organic matter content, CaCO3 content, soluble salts content are investigated. Afforestation and selection of tree species in different sandy areas are suggested to regulate sandy land soil moisture. Sandy land in China can be divided into the four sand stabilization regions according to the shifting sand conditions and the techniques advanced: regions I, II, III, and IV. These results have important implications for remote sensing of soil moisture and soil organic carbon, and soil moisture parameterization in climate models. 相似文献
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Excessive heavy metal content in sandy soils poses risk to human health and the environment. The rapid expansion of urban areas makes it imperative to manage contaminated sites so that land can be reclaimed for beneficial purposes. Several methods have been proposed to control the leaching of heavy metals from contaminated soils. In this study, four techniques for mobilization and immobilization of metals in sandy soil were compared. The assessed mobilization techniques included chemical extraction using aqueous solutions of acids and chelating agents as well as biochemical extraction using sulfur-oxidizing microorganisms. The evaluated immobilization techniques included lime-cement-pozzolan stabilization and natural-zeolite stabilization. The immobilization techniques do not involve removing metals from soil and instead focus on addition of substances to the soil that alter its composition, volume, and properties. On the other hand, mobilization techniques entail the removal of metals from soil and changes in the soil properties. The findings confirmed that both mobilization and immobilization are effective in controlling the leaching of metals from sandy soils and thereby minimize the risk to the environment and human health. However, the appropriate technique for application at a given site should be chosen on a case-by-case basis, while accounting for the economic and technical feasibility, the necessary level of cleanup, and effect of residual metals on human health and the environment. 相似文献
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Marco Murru Concetta Ferrara Stefania Da Pelo Angelo Ibba 《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2003,335(2):227-238
The Palaeocene of southern Sardinia includes a continental ferruginous sedimentation, with a high content of Al and Fe, indicative of a subhumid tropical climate. The subsequent microcodium carbonated detrital microcodium levels, containing an abundant quartzose fraction, rather suggest semiarid conditions. In SW Sardinia, the marine deposits, referred to Late Thanetian–Lower Ypresian (=Ilerdian) times, are limestones including larger foraminifers and contain significant amounts of quartz. A lower content of detrital kaolinite points a sediment source from the surrounding areas with a semiarid climate. The occurrence, at the top of this unit, of small trochospiral rotaliids and larger amount of detrital kaolinite suggests a transition to a rainy tropical climate in the adjacent areas. These limestones pass gradually to carbonate sediments characterized by large amounts of detrital kaolinite and intercalated coal layers, with pollen of tropical palms, attributed to the Late Ypresian (=Cuisian)–Early Lutetian and referred to a humid-subhumid tropical climate. 相似文献
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The processes and rates of groundwater recharge in arid and semiarid environments are highly related to local climate parameters, particularly precipitation. The chloride profile of an unsaturated zone in an arid and semiarid region can be used to infer the recharge history and past changes in climate, by extension. In this study, a 17-m chloride profile was collected from the sandy loess in the northwestern Chinese Loess Plateau, which also lies in the transition zone between desert and loess. A 71-year groundwater recharge history was reconstructed using the chloride mass balance method with an annual Cl? input of 0.84 g/m2/year. The reconstructed history revealed a long-term decline in recharge with multiple shorter-term oscillations. Five recharge stages between 1938–1946, 1947–1955, 1956–1975, 1976–2000, and 2001–2008 AD were identified, where the lowest average recharge value was 25.1 mm/a in 1976–2000 AD and the highest was 71.7 mm/a in 1947–1955 AD. Climate conditions during these five periods were also inferred based on the reconstructed recharge rates with the knowledge that high recharge corresponds to more humid climates. The climate over the past 71 years generally became drier in the study area, despite some fluctuations. The reconstructed recharge rates, calculated from 1/Cl? in the profile, exhibited the same variability as annual precipitation measured in the region, both in long- and short-term oscillations over the period from 1955 to 2008. The chloride concentration variations in the profile, indicating changes in recharge flux, also well correlated with annual precipitation anomalies in the region to the east of 100°E in China for the whole study period. These comparisons verified that it is feasible to study not only groundwater recharge, but also past climate change using a chloride profile from the sandy loess area. The results suggested that unsaturated zones of sandy loess may be valuable archives for reconstructing recharge history and regional paleoclimate changes in the region. 相似文献
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Some problems of ecological environmental geology in arid and semiarid areas of China 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
Arid and semiarid areas are widely distributed in China but rich in natural resources. Because of the arid climate, complex geological conditions, and human activities, some problems of ecological environmental geology occur, such as lack of water resources, desertification, salinization, and biogeochemical endemic diseases, etc. These problems occur in fragile regions of the environment, seriously restricting the developing of the national economy and causing harm to human health. Ecological environmental geology is a new developing science in China. Through the research of ecological environmental geology and with the help of research results of the western plain of the Tarim Basin in Xingjing, we propose a comprehensive administrative measure of ecological geological environment on the basis of rational utilization of water resources, and it can be used to improve the ecological environment of arid and semiarid areas. 相似文献
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Evolutionary trend of water cycle in Beichuan River Basin of China under the influence of vegetation restoration 
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下载免费PDF全文 To understand the influence of vegetation restoration on the water cycle in semiarid areas, the effects of vegetation restoration on evolution of the key elements of water cycle were clarified by analyzing the evolutionary trend of atmospheric precipitation, ecological consumption water, and surface runoff on a river basin scale on the basis of analytical results of the changes in vegetation coverage and the long-term meteorological and hydrological monitoring data of Beichuan River Basin. The results show that the vegetation cover in the Beichuan River basin has rapidly increased in the hilly and mountainous areas since the 1980s, especially from 2000 to 2019, with the maximum and average vegetation cover rates increased by 14.98% and 52.2%, respectively. During 1956-2016, the annual precipitation in the basin remained relatively stable; the annual surface runoff slightly declined, with an average attenuation rate of 20 million m~3/10 a. The main reason for the runoff decline is the increase in ecological water induced by the vegetation restoration, which has changed the spatial-temporal distribution of the water from atmospheric precipitation in the basin. Spatially, more precipitation was converted into ecological water. As a result, the remnant runoff supplied to the lower reaches reduced accordingly. Temporally, more precipitation participated in the soil water-groundwater cycle, thus prolonging the outward drainage period of the precipitation. Moreover, the large-scale vegetation restoration induced a significant decrease in the surface wind speed, evaporation from water surface and drought index. As a result, a virtuously mutual feedback relationship was formed between the vegetation and meteorological elements. Therefore, vegetation restoration is of great significance for the improvement in the water conservation capacity and semiarid climate conditions in the Beichuan River basin. 相似文献
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Distribution and formation of high-fluorine groundwater in China 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
In China, high-fluorine groundwater, which contains more than 1.0 mg/l fluorine, is mainly distributed in shallow aquifers
of unconsolidated deposits in some arid and semiarid areas, deep aquifers of unconsolidated deposits in semiarid areas, as
well as in hot springs of bed rock mountainous area and aquifers of fluorite-mine area. Its formation is controlled by regional
climate factors, seepage conditions of groundwater, as well as the hydrogeochemical environment. The physicochemical properties
of soil mass of the aeration zone play an important role in fluorine concentration in shallow groundwater. In the coastal
plain areas, where groundwater is mainly recharged and discharged vertically, and its regime type belongs to the type of infiltration—evaporation,
the grain size of soil mass of aeration zone directly influences the amount of fluorine transferred from solid medium into
water; and the chemical constituents of the soil mass of aeration zone controls the chemical characteristics of the shallow
groundwater, consequently influencing the concentration condition of fluorine in water.
Fluorine ion in groundwater continuously migrates and concentrates under the comprehensive influence of many factors. High-fluorine
groundwater exceeding the sanitary standard (1.0 mg/l) has an obvious zonality in regional distribution in China. Based on
current statistics, there are roughly 50 million people (Zheng Qifu 1986) who have consumed water which exceeds standards
in China. In highfluorine groundwater areas, endemic fluorine-poisoning often arises to different extents, affecting human
health seriously. At the end of 1983, over 20 million patients were suffering from fluorine-poisoning diseases in China (Xu
Guozhang, unpublished data). Therefore, research of the distribution feature and formation mechanism of fluorine ion in groundwater
has become an important task. 相似文献