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Mary Njeri Kinyanjui 《Singapore journal of tropical geography》2016,37(3):418-431
Cities are not homogenous sociocultural entities. The city of Nairobi exhibits the phenomena of ‘cities within cities’ and ‘African city forms’. Social and economic forms of African, western and Asian cities compete for space within Nairobi. This paper refers to the African city form as the ‘African metropolis’, which exhibits the African logic, norms and values in its architecture and human social relations. The African metropolis is made up of slums, urbanized villages, self‐developed urban fringes and indigenous markets. In urban literature, these spaces are referred to as informal or unplanned settlements. As drivers of this African form of urbanism, traders and artisans use the African logic, norms and values in the construction of the African metropolis. The traders and artisans contribute to the African metropolis, by hiring labour and investing surplus earnings, and are bonded into Ubuntu communities of family, friendship and ethnicity. The paper is based on data gathered through a questionnaire survey of traders and artisans. It contributes to urban theory, by showing how less dominant and subtle forces contribute to city‐forming processes. I propose the concept of cultural villages as a strategy for blending African logic, norms and values with those of global urban planning. 相似文献
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Several researchers have argued that Australia is becoming more unequal. This paper briefly explores the reasons why this might be the case before undertaking a social indicator based examination of whether income inequality extends to well‐being generally. Using 176 regions and eight social indicators and focusing on the period 1976–91, the paper shows that inequality has increased, particularly in the last intercensal period. The pattern of ‘winning’ and ‘losing’ is a complex one that suggests increasing differentiation between regions. This finding is set in the context of the social differentiation inherent in postmodern society. Regional policy based on the devolution of spending and responsibility is advocated as one way of helping disadvantaged regions. 相似文献
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中国铁路客运流联结的城市时间可达性 总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0
基于中国铁路客户服务中心提供的客运流数据,采集全国地级以上行政单元（未含港澳台数据）间铁路客运运行的最短历时,基于GIS网络分析和空间分析等方法,选取时间可达性和一日交流圈2个指标对城市可达性进行测度和分析。研究发现： ① 城市时间可达性水平划分为7个级别,在空间上呈现中心-外围式圈层结构,中心区域沿铁路干线和高速铁路线轴向扩展,廊道效应明显,东部、中部地区的城市时间可达性优于西部地区。② 城市之间的时间可达性小于2.0 h的城市对在空间上构成了由京广、京沪、京哈、京福、杭深、青太、徐兰、沪汉蓉、沪昆、广昆等高速铁路连接的“五纵五横”带状分布格局。时间可达性小于10.0 h的城市对覆盖了“胡焕庸线”东南部的大部分区域,城市带转为城市网络。③ 直辖市、省会/首府城市一日交流圈以31个城市为中心,按照时间可达性由小到大呈现轴向扩展,廊道效应明显。基于城市一日交流圈划分了19个城市群和拉萨城市圈,为城市群的划分提供方法借鉴。 相似文献
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Diganta Das 《Singapore journal of tropical geography》2015,36(2):231-248
Over the past few decades, cities and city regions have become the core of the global economy. Regional governments are increasingly drafting city development policies and implementing them through various visioning documents with the aim of making cities more global, networked and competitive. Welfarist governments especially in the global South are becoming increasingly entrepreneurial, and in the process poor citizens are getting pushed to the margins, evicted from their land and relocated to city fringes. Hyderabad in India provides an interesting illustration of neoliberal development trends in which poor local farmers are forced off their land to make way for a ‘world‐class’ knowledge enclave, popularly known as Cyberabad. This paper examines the policies and processes by which the regional government has sought to brand Hyderabad as a world‐class information technology destination and to restructure and reimagine it as a key node in a network of ‘globally connected cities’ of the world. It also considers the making of Cyberabad in terms of splintering urbanism, which is often understood as a defining feature of contemporary neoliberal urban processes. 相似文献
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环渤海地区城市居住环境满意度评价及影响因素分析 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
以环渤海地区为案例区,综合运用多层线性模型、GIS空间分析和多元线性回归分析模型,基于居民主观感受数据,对研究区域内43个城市的居住环境进行评价,并探讨城市客观特征对主观评价结果的影响。研究表明：①环渤海地区城市之间的居住环境评价差别明显,辽宁省城市的评价结果整体较优,河北省城市的评价结果整体较差;②环境健康性是居住环境评价得分较低城市的共同短板;③城市规模、人口密度、经济发展水平与居住环境的满意度均呈负相关,中小城市的居住环境满意度普遍高于大城市,临海城市的居民对所在城市的满意度评价更高;④在城市居住环境的可提升要素中,治理雾霾是当前最迫切的任务。 相似文献
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GARY J. HUNTER 《International journal of geographical information science》2013,27(3):281-286
Inter-urban income disparities reflect differences between individual urban localities in the average incomes of their residents. The present paper discusses different ways of visualizing such disparities on thematic maps. The approach we propose is based on the transformation of distances between individual localities and a reference city (e.g. a major population centre of a country) in proportion to the actual differences in the income levels. The general principle of such a transformation is to bring closer to the reference city places with higher incomes, while moving away localities with low income levels. Three alternative approaches to the implementation of this transformation technique are discussed. According to the ‘actual distance’ method, the spatial ‘shift’ of a locality on the map is set proportional to both the relative difference in incomes and the aerial distance between a locality and the reference city. In the ‘proportional increment’ transformation, the distance between a locality and the reference city is adjusted by a parameter whose values are proportional to income disparities between the two. Lastly, according to the ‘concentric circle’ transformation, localities with identical levels of incomes are positioned at a certain distance from the reference city, forming concentric circles around it. Both advantages and disadvantages of these transformation techniques are discussed, and the ‘proportional increment’ method is chosen as the best-performing visualization technique. The performance of this technique is demonstrated using income data for urban localities in Israel in 1991 and 1999. As analysis indicates, the proposed method helps to illustrate both the existing patterns of inter-urban income disparities and their dynamics over time. 相似文献
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东北地区高质量发展评价及其空间特征 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
从高质量发展的内涵出发,结合东北地区的区域特色,构建有效性、稳定性、协调性、创新性、持续性和分享性6个维度的34项具体指标,测度其发展现状及空间差异。研究发现：大连市、沈阳市、长春市、哈尔滨市等副省级市的高质量发展水平位居前列;高质量发展整体呈“南高北低”且沿哈大线形成“隆起带”的基本格局;协调性和持续性水平较高的地市集聚于辽中南和哈长经济区,有效性和创新性水平较高的地市主要分布于哈大交通走廊沿线,稳定性和分享性水平高的地市则主要分布于东北地区西部和中部;将各地市划分为7种类型,对应不同的发展短板和提升重点。 相似文献
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Brian J. Shaw 《The Australian geographer》1993,24(2):39-49
The study of residential differentiation in nineteenth‐century cities has generally been pursued without reference to Australian examples due to a lack of suitable data sources and a tendency to assume ‘New World’ models for the antipodean case. This study of late nineteenth‐century Fremantle, Western Australia, utilises data drawn from contemporary municipal ratebooks in a comprehensive analysis of residential space at the micro‐scale of individual lots. Conducted at three time intervals during a period of in‐migration and urban transformation, the analysis reveals the distinctiveness of one Australian urban experience during an era of ‘compressed development’. Residential differentiation is shown to exist both between and within occupational status groups, reflecting subtle differences in tenancy status, dwelling type and lot densities. With population increase and the onset of industrialisation, many of these differentials can be seen to disappear, particularly between middling status groups. Drawing upon additional evidence from other researchers, it is possible to construct a schematic model of antipodean urban development to represent more precisely the period in Australian cities prior to large‐scale suburbanisation. 相似文献
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基于高铁网络的中国省会城市经济可达性 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
基于列车时刻表中的省会城市间交通时间以及相应票价数据和各省市城镇居民家庭人均收入数据,以铁路服务价格、城镇居民消费铁路服务能力两方面为突破口,分析高铁网络对中国省会城市经济可达性的影响。结果表明：① 高铁网络不同程度地提升了省会城市铁路服务价格,降低了铁路服务价格与时间可达性的相关性,同时改变了铁路服务价格的分布格局。② 城镇居民消费铁路服务能力等级差异明显,其中收入水平发挥着决定性作用,而铁路服务价格的影响也不容忽视。③ 高铁网络缩小了“所有城市”铁路服务价格、铁路服务消费能力分布的不公平性,但扩大了“高铁城市”铁路服务价格、铁路服务消费能力分布的不公平性;铁路服务消费能力分布的不公平程度高于铁路服务价格分布的不公平程度。 相似文献
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City growth patterns are attracting more attention in urban geography studies. This paper examines how cities develop and grow in the upper tail of size distribution in a large-scale economy based on a theoretical model under new economic geography framework and the empirical evidence from the US. The results show that cities grow in a sequential pattern. Cities with the best economic conditions are the first to grow fastest until they reach a critical size, then their growth rates slow down and the smaller cities farther down in the urban hierarchy become the fastest-growing ones in sequence. This paper also reveals three related features of urban system. First, the city size distribution evolves from low-level balanced to primate and finally high-level balanced pattern in an inverted U-shaped path. Second, there exist persistent discontinuities, or gaps, between city size classes. Third, city size in the upper tail exhibits conditional convergence characteristics. This paper could not only contribute to enhancing the understanding of urbanization process and city size distribution dynamics, but also be widely used in making effective policies and scientific urban planning. 相似文献
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《Singapore journal of tropical geography》2018,39(3):454-471
Slums pose a persistent challenge for fast growing urban areas in the global South, despite several decades of policy intervention. While Chennai has adopted several strategies ranging from upgrading to reconstruction, the city has been unable to deliver its target of ‘clearing’ slum settlements. Through an analysis of four enumeration reports and a look at the evolving political contexts and subsequent practices, we illustrate the evolution of slum policy approaches in Chennai since the 1970s. The analysis shows slum practices in Chennai continue to be characterized by an underlying continuity, with relocation as the dominant mode of operation since the nineties. However, approaches to slums have also evolved from paternalistic socialism with in‐situ development in the seventies, to approaches characterized by affordability and cost recovery in the eighties, to the aesthetics of global cities in the nineties, to the technology driven, to slum‐free ‘smart city’ discourse currently in vogue. 相似文献
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基于日常活动空间的社会空间分异研究进展 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
社会空间分异是城市社会学与城市地理学的经典研究议题,也是当前中国社会所面临的现实问题,在大量理论与实证研究的支撑下,形成了从居住空间出发的经典研究范式。而在人类移动性不断增强、居民活动日趋多样化的背景下,传统的研究范式显得静态和片面,难以反映社会空间分异与隔离问题的全貌,因此有必要从居民的日常活动空间出发探讨社会空间分异问题。国际学者们从不同视角出发对该议题进行了探索,本文对已有研究进行了梳理和述评,将已有研究总结为基于活动空间的群体分异与交往、个体活动空间的时空分异、社会空间分异的动态变化三种类型;并以时空间行为研究的理论和方法论为基础,从基于人的空间研究范式出发,构建“人群—活动空间—社会空间”基于活动空间的社会空间分异研究框架;尝试推进社会空间分异研究范式的多元化,从以人为本的立场出发理解城市空间和城市中的人。 相似文献
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流动人口在北京中心区和近远郊区分布差异的调查研究 总被引：9，自引：1，他引：8
为深入认识中国流动人口在城市内不同地带就业、生活的分布状态与分布差异,选择北京为例,着重社会学角度,分析研究了流动人口在北京中心区、近郊区、远郊区三个地带的分布差异。发现：①中心区、近郊区、远郊区的流动人口在人口来源地、来京时间长度、年龄结构、教育水平、职业构成、收入水平、居住状况、未来愿望等诸方面存在明显的地带分布梯度差异;②除教育程度相对较低外,中心区是来源地较近、年龄较大、来京时间较长、收入相对较高、就业相对稳定、消费水平相对较高之外来人口聚集地;③近远郊区是来源地较远、年龄较轻、来京时间较短、收入相对较低、就业稳定性较差、消费水平相对较低而教育程度却相对较高的外来人口主要分布区。 相似文献
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Sequential city growth: Theory and evidence from the US 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
City growth patterns are attracting more attention in urban geography studies. This paper examines how cities develop and grow in the upper tail of size distribution in a large-scale economy based on a theoretical model under new economic geography framework and the empirical evidence from the US. The results show that cities grow in a sequential pattern. Cities with the best economic conditions are the first to grow fastest until they reach a critical size, then their growth rates slow down and the smaller cities farther down in the urban hierarchy become the fastest-growing ones in sequence. This paper also reveals three related features of urban system. First, the city size distribution evolves from low-level balanced to primate and finally high-level balanced pattern in an inverted U-shaped path. Second, there exist persistent discontinuities, or gaps, between city size classes. Third, city size in the upper tail exhibits conditional convergence characteristics. This paper could not only contribute to enhancing the understanding of urbanization process and city size distribution dynamics, but also be widely used in making effective policies and scientific urban planning. 相似文献
16.
基于社会经济统计数据、气象数据、自下而上的碳排放估算数据,构建城市低碳发展水平评价的动力学分析模型——DPSIR模型,全面评价中国288个地级以上城市的低碳发展水平及空间格局。结果表明,中国288个地级以上城市总体处于相对高碳水平,低碳城市具有东中西“梯度化”分异的区域特点,在空间上形成以胡焕庸线为底边、以东南沿海城市群和京津冀城市群为两翼的“△”型结构。低碳驱动力与低碳响应力是决定城市低碳发展水平的重要因素,高低碳驱动力城市主要有研发驱动型、社会经济发展驱动型、清洁能源发展驱动型、紧凑城市发展驱动型,低碳技术与低碳认知响应力远高于低碳制度响应力对城市低碳发展的作用。不同低碳等级结构的城市应根据DPSIR模型提供的低碳发展结构化清单,结合地方特性,选择因地制宜的低碳发展路径。 相似文献
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Tomasz Kamiński 《Singapore journal of tropical geography》2023,44(1):58-74
In a polycentric world, cities increasingly bear responsibility for implementing climate policies. To do so, they establish transnational city networks (TCNs), which produce ambitious imaginaries of the future of cities, such as ‘smart cities’ or ‘resilient cities’, based on ecological knowledge. This paper analyses Southeast Asian (SEA) cities’ participation in TCNs. First, this paper presents city networks operating in SEA. Then, drawing on a case study of Quezon City, this paper shows how SEA cities often position themselves in the network as knowledge consumers rather than (co)producers and prefer to learn from cities in the Global North. This research also shows how TCNs—with limited success—seek to counter this neo-colonial knowledge flow model. The paper contributes to the literature on TCNs, arguing that the ongoing North–South imbalance needs to be addressed if networks are to promote viable models of future SEA cities. Identifying the patterns of knowledge flows inside TCNs, this study argues that networks should assist cities in imagining possible city futures beyond the experiences of the select world and global cities. TCNs should pay more attention to supporting their SEA members in looking ‘outwards’ to comparable cities worldwide rather than merely ‘upwards’ to global and mega-cities. 相似文献
18.
借助GIS、Matlab和Gephi等技术手段,运用不同流要素分析2006年和2016年中国沿海港口城市体系的网络联系及空间变化特征。结果表明：①在5个流动要素网络中,城市间的要素联系总量增加且增幅较大,集中分散程度、区域分布特征均发生了显著变化。港口城市体系的网络空间结构正由“点轴”模式向“网络化”模式转化。②不同流要素的枢纽城市具有高度重合性,但网络结构具有明显差异性。物流和客流呈现“组团发展”与“轴?辐”并存的网络特征。资金流和技术流发育出显著的“核心?边缘”和层次性的空间形态。信息流呈现均衡的网络化发展模式。③不同流要素刻画出不同层面的港口城市体系,但却有着紧密联系。物流与客流相互影响、互为因果。资金流和技术流对物流具有积极的促进作用。信息流对物流的影响具有明显的滞后性;港口城市体系由单一流要素转向多元流要素综合发展,港口城市间联系更加多元化,并实现了与外部流要素的互动融合。 相似文献
19.
《Urban geography》2013,34(2):119-144
The center-periphery metaphor is an important element in a number of intellectual traditions in urban geography. From the late 1950s studies of the sociospatial structure of Rome, Italy, viewed the city in terms of a socially and politically powerful center producing an exploited and subjugated periphery of inferior housing and services inhabited by the city’s most recent immigrants. This paper examines the use of the center-periphery metaphor with respect to the controversy that has arisen among leading Italian urbanists over its continuing applicability and in terms of the most recent census data and empirical studies of Roman sociospatial structure. The central theme is whether center-periphery is a “fruitful” as opposed to a “misleading” metaphor in the Roman case. 相似文献
20.
巨额贸易顺差和收入差距扩大是目前中国经济的两大突出问题。为明确两者的关系,在理论上分析收入分配差距对进口贸易的影响后,使用1999—2014年中国287个地级及以上城市的面板数据进行检验。结果表明:收入分配差距的扩大总体上会减少进口,加剧贸易失衡。对中小型城市、中西部地区城市、经济不发达或欠发达城市而言,收入分配差距的扩大会抑制其进口;而对大型和特大型城市、东部地区城市和发达地区城市而言,收入分配差距的扩大会促进其进口。相应地调整收入分配的政策与措施、刺激落后地区的经济发展将有助于中国扩大进口、改变对外贸易失衡的现状。 相似文献