共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 677 毫秒
1.
研究了不同沙埋深度对于梭梭(Haloxylon ammodendron)种子萌发和幼苗生长、存活的影响,判断梭梭种子萌发后,幼苗能否成活以实现梭梭种群的更新。在自然条件下设置0、1、2、3、4、5cm深度沙埋处理,每个处理5个重复,对梭梭种子萌发和幼苗生长进行了全生长季观测。结果表明:梭梭种子为喜光种子,种子萌发率随着沙埋深度的增加呈减小趋势,萌发最佳沙埋深度为1cm,萌发率为39.2%,4cm已是萌发的最大沙埋深度;幼苗存活率随着沙埋深度的增加而增加,4cm沙埋深度出土幼苗存活率为100%,而0cm萌发出土的幼苗成活率为0;综合考虑种子萌发率和幼苗存活率,2cm为最佳沙埋深度,这个沙埋深度出土的幼苗对于梭梭种群更新贡献最大。幼苗生长高度受沙埋深度的影响显著,在1~4cm沙埋深度范围内,浅层沙埋出苗快但生长慢,而深层沙埋出苗慢而生长快,幼苗最大生长高度在4cm沙埋,第一年生长季最大生长高度为21.5cm,幼苗最小生长高度在0cm,第一年生长季最大生长高度仅为2.76cm。 相似文献
2.
沙埋对河西走廊4种旱生植物种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
测定了驼蹄瓣(Zygophyllum fabago)、骆驼蒿(Peganum nigellastrum)、唐古特白刺(Nitraria tangutorum)和黒果枸杞(Lycium ruthenicum)等4种旱生植物种子重量、形状、萌发及活性,试验了沙埋深度(0、1、2、3、4、5 cm)对种子萌发、幼苗出土和生长的影响。结果表明:4种植物的种子扩散时为中度休眠;种子活性与重量、形状之间为显著负相关关系(p<0.05);种子初次萌发率与重量之间为不显著负相关关系;大而不规则种子有较低的活性,小种子扩散时有较高萌发率。随沙埋深度的增加,4种植物种子出苗率下降,首次出苗时间推迟,茎高、绝对株高和根长呈现先上升后下降的趋势,地下和地上生物量比值呈先上升后下降或随埋深增加而下降。幼苗出土和生长的最佳沙埋深度是:驼蹄瓣1~3 cm,骆驼蒿0~1 cm,唐古特白刺0~2 cm,黑果枸杞1~2 cm。在植被恢复过程中应考虑破除种子休眠的方法以及浅层沙埋等条件,以提高出苗率、增大幼苗定植率。 相似文献
3.
《干旱区地理》2016,(1)
在自然条件下设置1、2、3、4、5 cm和6 cm 6个沙埋深度处理,对柠条锦鸡儿种子萌发和幼苗生长进行了全生长季观测,以说明种子成熟当年不同沙埋深度下柠条锦鸡儿种子萌发,幼苗存活情况以阐述实现种群更新的机理。结果表明:柠条锦鸡儿种子萌发率随着沙埋深度的增加呈减小趋势,萌发最佳沙埋深度为1 cm,萌发率为55%,当沙埋深度增加到4~6 cm,萌发率降低到4%~6%;种子萌发天数随着沙埋深度的增加而增加;幼苗存活率随着沙埋深度的增加而增加,1~4 cm沙埋深度出土幼苗存活率为50%~58%,而6 cm柠条锦鸡儿出土幼苗存活率为100%。对于当年生柠条锦鸡儿种子,1 cm沙埋深度下种子产生的自然更新最大,25%的种子可以萌发并成功产生更新,而随着沙埋深度增加,大部分当年生种子不能萌发而进入土壤种子库,当沙埋深度达到6 cm时,96%的种子进入土壤种子库,这对于种群更新和土壤种子库补给有重要的作用。 相似文献
4.
沙埋对小叶锦鸡儿幼苗生长和生物量分配的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
沙埋是沙地植物生长和分布的重要选择压力之一,是影响植物种子萌发、幼苗出土和幼苗存活的关键因素.本研究对科尔沁沙地常见的沙生灌木小叶锦鸡儿(Caragana microphylla)幼苗进行了不同深度的沙埋试验.结果表明:各处理间叶片数量在沙埋初期有差异,后期差异不显著;各处理植株生物量均主要分配在叶片中,随着沙埋深度的增加叶片生物量比逐渐降低,而茎生物量比逐渐增加.当沙埋深度达到其株高的133%时,可使幼苗全部死亡;而在沙埋深度与株高相同时,其存活率仅为37%.沙埋30天后,中度沙埋(67%)能促进小叶锦鸡儿幼苗的株高、根长、总生物量以及根茎相对生长速率的增加;而重度沙埋抑制植株地上部分的高生长和叶相对生长速率.这说明中度沙埋在一定程度上可以促进小叶锦鸡儿的生长,而重度沙埋抑制幼苗的生长,甚至导致幼苗的死亡. 相似文献
5.
通过室内试验研究了土壤水分和沙埋深度对4种沙生植物种子萌发和出苗的影响。结果表明:草本雾冰藜（Bassia dasyphylla）种子萌发和幼苗出土喜好水分,水分含量越高,种子发芽率越高;半灌木黑沙蒿（Artemisia ordosica）、灌木沙冬青（Ammopiptanthus mongolicus）和沙棘（Hippophae rhamnoides）种子在含水量为15%~20%的土壤中发芽率高,干旱或水分含量过高会导致种子发芽率降低。沙埋深度显著影响种子的萌发和出苗,雾冰藜种子在无沙埋时发芽率最高,黑沙蒿适宜沙埋深度为0.5 cm,沙冬青和沙棘适宜沙埋深度1.0 cm。 相似文献
6.
不同温度和沙埋深度对砂生槐种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
在沙地环境中,沙埋是影响植物种子萌发和幼苗存活的一个重要因素。砂生槐是西藏特有的沙生植物,主要分布在雅鲁藏布江中游地区及拉萨河、年楚河等主要支流宽谷区。对砂生槐幼苗进行了控制沙埋试验,研究了不同温度和沙埋深度对砂生槐种子萌发特性的影响。结果表明,温度和沙埋深度显著影响砂生槐种子的萌发率和出苗率。在15～30 ℃的温度范围内,随着温度的升高,种子萌发率显著下降,15 ℃时,其种子萌发率达到最高值;砂生槐种子能在深度≤10 cm的沙埋中萌发,≤8 cm的沙埋中出苗,在此范围内,随着沙埋深度的增加,砂生槐种子的萌发率和出苗率逐渐降低。沙埋深度在植株高度的33％时,砂生槐幼苗能够存活,且总生物量大于未沙埋幼苗;当沙埋深度增至植株高度的66％时,砂生槐幼苗存活率降至43％,生长受到抑制;而当沙埋深度增至植株高度的100％和133％时,没有砂生槐幼苗存活。可见砂生槐植株在适应沙埋环境方面主要采用调整生物量分配模式的生态对策。 相似文献
7.
胡杨种子出苗对沙埋和供水条件的响应 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为探讨胡杨种子出苗对沙埋和供水条件的响应,对其进行0 cm、0.2 cm、0.3 cm、0.5 cm 4个沙埋深度和4.4 mm、8.8 mm、17.6 mm、22.1 mm、26.5 mm 5个供水处理。结果表明:①沙埋深度、供水量及两者的交互作用对出苗率的影响均达到极显著水平（P<0.01）;②供水条件一致时,种子出苗的适宜埋深为0～0.3 cm,埋深为0.5 cm时出苗率为0;③埋深0 cm和0.3 cm时,每天供水量17.6 mm和每两天供水量22.1 mm下的出苗率均显著高于其他处理;埋深为0.2 cm时,每天供水量8.8 mm和每两天供水量26.5 mm下的出苗率显著高于其他供水量（P<0.05）;④胡杨种子出苗较为适宜的沙埋深度和供水量条件是埋深0.3 cm、每天供水量17.6 mm或每两天供水量22.1 mm。 相似文献
8.
《中国沙漠》2015,(5)
风蚀沙埋是风沙活动区植物生长发育面临的重要干扰因子。以塔克拉玛干沙漠南缘策勒绿洲-沙漠过渡带主要建群种疏叶骆驼刺(Alhagi sparsifolia)和花花柴(Karelinia caspica)幼苗为研究对象,通过控制试验设置对照、1/3 H(H为林高)沙埋、2/3 H沙埋、3/3 H沙埋、风蚀2cm、风蚀5cm和风蚀10cm等7个处理,测定处理后2种植物幼苗的丙二醛、可溶性糖、叶绿素含量和光合参数,系统研究这2种植物幼苗对风蚀沙埋的生理响应。结果表明:(1)风蚀沙埋后,花花柴幼苗体内丙二醛累积,造成膜损伤,而疏叶骆驼刺幼苗的丙二醛含量变化不大。(2)沙埋胁迫下疏叶骆驼刺幼苗的叶绿素含量升高,而风蚀胁迫下叶绿素含量降低。3/3 H沙埋下花花柴叶绿素含量显著升高,其他风蚀沙埋处理下叶绿素含量均降低。(3)风蚀沙埋处理下,疏叶骆驼刺幼苗的光合速率升高,而花花柴幼苗的光合速率降低,可见疏叶骆驼刺幼苗耐风蚀沙埋的能力强于花花柴幼苗。 相似文献
9.
一年生草本植物是荒漠绿洲过渡带人工固沙植物群落草本层的优势植物类群,由于风沙活动剧烈,风蚀和沙埋成为一年生草本植物生存的关键选择动力因素。以河西走廊荒漠绿洲过渡带典型一年生草本植物狗尾草（Setaria viridis）、虎尾草（Chloris virgata）、白茎盐生草（Halogeton arachnoideus）和雾冰藜（Bassia dasyphylla）为研究对象,通过0（对照）、1、2、3、5、10、15 cm深度沙埋试验,探寻沙埋对一年生草本植物的影响。结果表明：（1）4种一年生草本植物在0—1 cm埋深出苗率最高,狗尾草最大出苗深度为10 cm,虎尾草和雾冰藜为5 cm,白茎盐生草为3 cm;（2）不同沙埋深度下,4种一年生草本植物的生长（株高和总生物量）和繁殖（种子数量和百粒重）高值区位于2—3 cm埋深,3 cm往下虎尾草和雾冰藜存活率显著下降,而狗尾草仍保持较高存活率;（3）不同沙埋深度下,4种一年生草本植物的渗透调节物质（可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白和游离脯氨酸）含量在2—3 cm埋深达到最高,丙二醛（MDA）含量高值主要位于3—5 cm埋深,叶绿素含量在1—2 cm埋深最高,2 cm往下开始降低;（4）一年生草本植物的生长存活与游离脯氨酸和叶绿素含量呈极显著相关关系,表明二者对保持植物叶片水分平衡和保证光合作用、维持植物正常生长起着更关键的作用。研究可为荒漠绿洲过渡带一年生草本植物恢复提供科学依据。 相似文献
10.
荒漠植物种子萌发研究进展 总被引：62，自引：22，他引：62
对种子自身结构,水分、温度、光照、沙埋深度等对荒漠植物种子萌发的影响进行了综述。硬实种子的不透水性、不透气性以及物理障碍是影响种子萌发的重要因素,通过热水浸种、擦破种皮或果皮、浓硫酸浸泡、低温或辐射处理可以破除硬实的影响。有些荒漠植物果皮或种皮外包有粘液层,这种结构对种子的萌发及幼苗生长有促进作用;部分植物的种胚覆盖物含有生长抑制物质而抑制种子萌发;胚休眠与后熟是影响胚萌发的重要生理因素。雨量大小、分布,降雨次数及土壤湿度是决定荒漠植物种子萌发的重要生态因子;温度影响种子的萌发,变温促进萌发;部分荒漠植物种子的萌发需要光照,有些要在暗中萌发,有些则对光无特异的需求;沙埋深度可调节光照、土壤湿度和土壤温度,从而调节种子萌发。应重视荒漠植物种子对严酷环境适应的研究,从分子水平上阐述其对严酷生境的适应机制。 相似文献
11.
Calligonum 《Journal of Arid Environments》2002,51(4):603
A greenhouse study was conducted to determine the effects of sand burial on seed germination and seedling emergence of ten Calligonum L. species. The results suggested that the deeper the seeds in sand, the lower and slower their germination and seedling emergence. Seedling emergence occurred from a maximum depth of 12 cm with most seedlings emerging from 2 and 4 cm depths. The percent seedling emergence, number of days of first emergence, percent seed germination and percent of dormant seeds were significantly affected by different species and burial depth. There was a significant positive correlation between the number of days to first emergence and burial depth. Both mean percent germination and percent seedling emergence were negatively correlated with depth significantly for each species. 相似文献
12.
供水量及沙埋厚度对两种梭梭出苗的影响 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
在自然条件下,研究了沙埋和单次供水对梭梭（Haloxylon ammodendron）、白梭梭（Haloxylon persicum）种子萌发和幼苗出土的影响。结果表明,在试验期内（30 d）,梭梭、白梭梭出苗率随沙埋厚度和供水量的增加出现先增加后减少的趋势;出苗速率（除无沙埋）也呈现出相同趋势;死亡率和死亡速率为减少的趋势。在供水量为20～40 mm时梭梭、白梭梭种子适宜出苗,适宜供水量接近当地冬季平均降雪量;沙埋厚度为 0.5～1.0 cm的条件下出苗率较高,反映了梭梭、白梭梭对沙区环境的生态适应。根据古尔班通古特沙漠气候特点与本次试验结果,梭梭与白梭梭的人工播种辅助恢复应在早春融雪之前进行。 相似文献
13.
A. Ouled Belgacem M. Neffati V.P. Papanastasis M. Chaieb 《Journal of Arid Environments》2006,65(4):682-687
Native grass species are being considered in the restoration of degraded rangelands in Tunisia due to the failure of introduced species to adapt to the ecological constraints of the region. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of seed age and seedling depth on emergence and seedling vigor of Stipa lagascae, a perennial bunchgrass that is native to the region and shows promise as a species for restoration purposes. Total emergence percentage of seedlings and the coefficient of rate of emergence (CRE), the seedling vigour as well as above and below-ground biomass were measured. Younger seeds had higher emergence rates than older seeds. However, seed age did not affect variables associated with seedling vigour. Seeding depth significantly affected all parameters tested. A seeding depth of 4–6 cm was found to be optimal. 相似文献
14.
HOU Yurong KE Mei WEI Peng LAN Jiyong LI Chao KANG Shuai KAYRAT Aldeyarhan WANG Lu 《资源与生态学报(英文版)》2022,13(2):312-318
The mining of placer iron ore greatly influences the surrounding desert grassland. In Agdala Town, Qinghe County, Xinjiang, the soil seed bank is severely damaged, and the utilization and productivity of desert grasslands are almost zero, which seriously affects the safety of the ecological environment and the development of local animal husbandry. It is very important to supplement soil seed banks to enhance the species composition of desert grasslands after ecological restoration. In this study, the effects of the seed bank, species composition, and seed burial depth on the seedling emergence rate at placer iron ore site before and after artificial seed bank replenishment were compared using the germination tray method. The original soil seed bank in the study area contained only four species, which were all annual plants. The dominant species were Salsola ruthenica and Corispermum orientale, and the soil seed bank density was very small. The emergence regularity of the soil seed bank was closely related to water content, and the emergence of annual vegetation was explosive. Seed burial depth affected the emergence rate of perennial grass, and we determined that a burial depth of 0-5 cm was the most effective for emergence. This indicates that seedling emergence of artificially supplemented soil seed bank can be completed within 7 days if the sowing depth is appropriate; sowing depths greater than 5 cm affect seed germination. These findings provide a basis for selecting species to populate large areas. 相似文献
15.
Dasvinder Kambo 《自然地理学》2018,39(5):471-486
Fine-scale disturbance can increase seed access to suitable substrates, facilitating germinant emergence and survival, which are necessary elements for treeline advance. We conducted an experiment to test this hypothesis in a white spruce (Picea glauca) treeline ecotone in southwest Yukon, Canada. Sixty seed germination quadrats were established at two elevations (treeline and alpine tundra) and subjected to three levels of simulated disturbance. We sowed 125 seeds in half of the quadrats (30) and measured their emergence and survival over 3 years. Soil temperature, moisture, and organic depth were recorded in all treatments. Treeline quadrats had significantly greater seedling emergence and survival than alpine tundra quadrats. Mean soil temperature, moisture, and organic layer depth were all greater in treeline quadrats. Partially scarified quadrats had the highest germinant emergence compared to unscarified and completely scarified quadrats. Completely scarified quadrats had the highest temperature range and the lowest soil moisture. The results indicate that moderate levels of disturbance can positively influence seedling emergence, while more severe disturbance can lead to high temperature ranges and moisture loss that negate the benefits of lower interspecific competition. Collectively, our findings suggest that fine-scale disturbance can play a significant role in influencing seedling presence in treeline ecotones. 相似文献
16.
播种深度和土壤水分对黄花补血草种子萌发的影响 总被引：6，自引：2，他引：4
采集来自腾格里沙漠的黄花补血草种子,分别设置7个水分梯度（3.0%, 5.0%, 8.0%, 10.0%, 15.0%,18.0%,20%) 和6个播种深度（0、0.5、1.0、1.5、2.0、2.5 cm）,进行黑暗（10～15 ℃）和光照(20～25 ℃)处理,研究水分、埋藏深度和温度对黄花补血草种子萌发和出苗的影响。结果表明：黄花补血草种子吸涨速率很快,在6 h种子吸水达到饱和;在土壤水分为3.0%～10.0%时,种子萌发率较高,当土壤水分达到20%时,萌发受到抑制;种子埋藏越深,萌发率越低,土壤水分太低或者太高,都不利于种子萌发。黄花补血草种子萌发和幼苗生长的最佳条件是：白天温度在25 ℃,夜间温度在15 ℃,土壤水分为10.0%,埋藏深度为0.5 cm时种子萌发率和出苗率最高。 相似文献
17.
Burial of different growth stages of plants （e.g., adult plants, seedlings and seeds） is frequent in dune ecosystems. The soil micro-environment, which differs from surface conditions, influences the survival and growth of dune plants. To sum up knowledge about the survival mechanisms of plants under sand burial and to promote practical rehabilitation of dune vegetation, we reviewed relevant published literature and concluded that： （1） Focus in recent years has been on impacts of sand burial on seed germination and seedling emergence. Generally, shallow burial increased seed germination and seedling emergence, but deeper burial was negative. Buried at the same depth, large seeds showed higher germination and seedling emergence rates, attributed to larger energy reserves. （2） Survival, growth and reproduction rates of dune plants show plasticity in response to sand burial. Long-term deep burial is fatal because it creates a physical barrier which overcomes the vertical growth of plants, reduces photosynthetic leaf area, and limits oxygen availability to roots. Modest burial, on the other hand, is advantageous for growth and reproduction of many dune plants, due to protection from excessive temperature and drought. （3） There are few reports concerning effects of sand burial on plant physiology, but a limited number of studies indicate that partial burial increases water use efficiency, chlorophyll content, transpiration rate and net photosynthetic rates. The antioxidant protective enzyme system and osmolyte balance were reported to be involved in the mechanisms of dune plant resistance to burial. 相似文献
18.
在半干旱沙区植物天然更新过程中,种子萌发、幼苗出土是植物种群维持和实现更新的关键阶段。通常认为,在这一阶段,土壤水分和土壤种子库是主要制约因素。分别对流动沙丘迎风坡与丘间低地过渡带的出土幼苗密度与土壤种子库密度和土壤水分进行二元相关分析。结果表明,生长季的出土幼苗密度与土壤种子库密度的相关性未达到显著水平（P>0.05）;出土幼苗密度与土壤水分呈显著正相关（P<0.05）,而且,幼苗密度随土壤水分呈对数增加。这说明,在植被入侵流动沙丘迎风坡与丘间低地过渡带裸沙的过程中,土壤水分是主要的制约因素,而土壤种子库的制约作用则没有表现出来,植被自然恢复更多地依赖于从沙丘附近植物群落传播来的种子。 相似文献