共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
M. Mansor Dr. 《GeoJournal》1987,14(3):353-356
Algal blooms are frequently observed in eutrophic lakes; a typical example of which is Lake Lindores, where two species of algal blooms were observed during the studied period. The first bloom of Asterionella formosa occured in spring, with a second occurence of the bloom observed in late winter and autumn when the water temperature was fairly low. At a higher water temperature, of more than 15°C, an unwanted blue-green algal bloom of Anabaena flosaquae occured. The blue-green algal bloom normally occured in summer and early autumn. 相似文献
2.
Michael A. Mallin 《Estuaries and Coasts》1994,17(3):561-574
Numerous phytoplankton-oriented ecological studies have been conducted since 1965 in the extensive North Carolina estuarine system. Throughout a range of geomorphological estuarine types, a basic underlying pattern of phytoplankton productivity and abundance following water temperature seasonal fluctuations was observed. Overlying this solar-driven pattern was a secondary forcing mechanism consisting of a complex interaction between meteorology and hydrology, resulting in periodic winter or early spring algal blooms and productivity pulses in the lower riverine estuaries. Wet winters caused abundant nitrate to reach the lower estuaries and stimulate the blooms, whereas dry winters resulted in low winter phytoplankton abundance and primary production. Dinoflagellates (Heterocapsa triquetra, Prorocentrum minimum, Gymnodinium spp.) and various cryptomonads dominated these cool-weather estuarine blooms. Sounds were less productive than the riverine estuaries, and were dominated by diatoms such asSkeletonema costatum, Thalassiosira spp.,Melosira spp., andNitzschia spp., as were the most saline portions of riverine estuaries. Nutrient-limitation studies found that nitrogen was the principal limiting nutrient in these estuarine systems over a range of trophic states, with phosphorus occasionally co-limiting. Freshwater and oligohaline portions of large coastal plain rivers were often subject to summer blue-green algal blooms. Formation of these blooms on a year-to-year basis was also determined by meteorology and hydrology: wet winters or springs and consequent nutrient loading, coupled with low summer flow conditions and regeneration of nutrients from the sediments. Dry winters or springs resulted in less available nutrients for subsequent summer regeneration, and high flow conditions in summer flushed out the blooms. In recent years, there has been a dramatic increase in reported fish kills attributed to toxic dinoflagellate blooms, particularly in nutrient-enriched estuarine areas. This issue has become a major coastal ecological and economic concern. 相似文献
3.
The relative abundances of the seagrass,Zostera marina L., and associated macroalgae were examined for Yaquina Bay, Oregon, U.S.A., to investigate variability in autotroph abundance along the salinity-temperature gradient and the potential for nuisance algal blooms. Possible explanations for the patterns in autotroph abundances were explored through examination of their correlations with the physicochemical characteristics of the water column. Study sites were established in each of three zones in the estuary defined by temperature and salinity and were sampled monthly June through September 1998 and in July 1999.Z. marina and macroalgal cover andZ. marina shoot density were measured in 0.25-m2 plots at each site. After cover estimates and shoot counts were made, material was harvested for determination ofZ. marina and macroalgal biomass. Water column variables were measured from stations near each study site and composited on a depth-averaged, monthly basis for each zone. BothZ. marina and green macroalgal abundance differed between sites, over the summer in 1998, and between years. Seasonal patterns were most obvious forZ. marina at the site closest to the ocean while the pattern in macroalgal abundance suggested a bloom moving up river as summer progressed. The physicochemical characteristics of the zones differed with the season and could be related to the patterns inZ. marina and macroalgal abundance. In particular, salinity was positively correlated withZ. marina abundance, while abundance of both autotrophs was related to light availability.Z. marina biomass ranged 19–109 g dry weight m?2; green macroalgae biomass ranged 5–234 g dry weight m?2. The biomass of the green macroalgae at several sites and dates equaled or exceed that of theZ. marina suggesting the potential for nuisance algal blooms does exist in Yaquina Bay. 相似文献
4.
Lake Müggelsee (Groer Müggelsee) — the largest lake in the area of Berlin — is the main drinking water reservoir for Berlin (East), but also a center of numerous recreational activities and fishing. The use of the lake and its catchment area has continuously increase during the past decase and has caused a substantail deterioration of the lake water quality. Mass development of algae has become a limiting factor to all future utilizations of the lake. Since the beginning of this century up to the seventies the lake water has shown signs of a permanently growing eutrophication, e.g. the content of particulate matter in the lake water has nearly doubled. During and after World War II the lake quality (Secchi depth and seston content) improved remarkably due to a reduced input of nutrients.According to time series analyses of buoyant seston and meterologica elements the development of blue-green algae seems to depend more on weather conditions than on the nutrient content of the lake water.Therefore, a certain probability of blue-green algae blooms will remain, also in the case of reduced nutrient input. Phosphorous is the main cause for eutrophication. It was responsible for distinctly higher mass developments of algae during spring and autumn in the past two decades. As a consequence, comprehensive measures are to be taken to reduce phosphorus inputs into the Spree river and lake Müggelsee, e.g. by the substitution of P in detergents, construction of tertiary sewage treatment plants and a substantially reduced application of fertilizers in agriculture. 相似文献
5.
Ronald M. Thom 《Estuaries and Coasts》1984,7(1):51-60
Twenty-nine taxa of macroalgae were collected from the Grays Harbor Estuary, Washington, from 17 April 1980 to 4 June 1981. Outer (oceanic) sites contained higher numbers of species than sites located in the inner portion of the estuary. Macroalgae were found in several habitats including attached to boulders, logs, tree roots, other algae, and angiosperms, as mats in sand, and drift.Fucus distichus ssp.edentatus andEnteromorpha intestinalis occurred at the greatest number of sites and were found throughout the year. The standing stock of the perennialFucus remained relatively consant, while that of anE. intestinalis andBlidingia minima var.subsalsa complex showed a significant peak between late spring and early summer as well as a winter minimum. The occurrence of most other taxa was highly seasonal. Net productivity rates for the most abundant macroalgal taxa were moderate to high relative to rates published for algae in other North American estuaries. It is concluded that, although inconspicuous, macroalgae may represent an important contributor of organic carbon to the Grays Harbor estuarine system. 相似文献
6.
The source of silica in the formation of the Precambrian laminated cherts has long remained a problem to be solved. Through experiments on cherts and living blue-green algae, the authors found that the collected chert samples probably come from primary deposits, and there is a great biomass of fossil algae in chert, among which the filamentous algae can be compared with the living blue-green algae Oscillatoria, that a higher Pco_2 of the gas would be favourable for the increase of the biomass of living blue-green algae and consequently raises the pH value of the water body; and that lack of free oxygen and a higher concentration of SiO_2 in the water have no apparent influence on the biomass of blue-green algae. Based on the evidence above, a biogeochemical model concerning the origin of Precambrian laminated chert has been set up, in which the. photosynthesis of algae under the presumed atmospheric conditions of the Precambrian might raise the pH value of the water body and promote the dissolution of silicate minerals, thus providing a source of colloid SiO_2 for the formation of Precambrian laminated chert.Furthermore, a simulation experiment device has been designed successfully, which can control the temperature(30 ± 0.5°), Pco_2(50662.5 Pa) and Po_2(about zero Pa) of the gas, the rate of photosynthesis of algae and the movement of the water carrying opal. In the simulation experiments, separate measurements have been made on the rate of photosynthesis of algae, pH value and concentration of SiO_2 of the water body, with the results indicating that under the conditions similar to the presumed Precambrian atmosphere, the photosynthesis of algae can make the pH value of the water body go up steadily to over 9.7, leading to the dissolution of the silicate minerals, with the concentration of SiO_2 measured reaching as high as 84 mg/l. Finally, through the vaporation of water, a phenomenon of colloid floccilation has been observed.The simulation experiment has verified the proposed biogeochemical model illustrating the origin of Precambrian laminated chert. Moreover, the device and method of its kind may also be applied to the research on the relationship of the Precambrian algae with the formation of some other mineral deposits such as of Fe, Mn, U and carbonates. 相似文献
7.
Lake ecosystems are greatly affected by anthropogenic activities due to population growth and the accompanying development of industry and agriculture. These anthropogenic activities include intensified exploitation of fisheries resources, reclamation of land from marshes of lakes, wastewater discharge, construction of water conservancy, and tourism etc. The negative ecological consequences in lakes caused by these factors are discussed in detail and are reflected in the following consequences: 1. depletion of fisheries resources and decrease in fisheries production; 2. changes in fish community structure (increased proportion of young and small individuals); 3. disappearance of some endemic species; and 4. eutrophication of lakes with blue-green algal blooms, elevation in chlorophyll pigment concentration, simplification of species composition, changes in zooplankton and benthos species and substitution of aquatic macrophytes originally dominant in lakes by planktonic algae. 相似文献
8.
Laminated diatom-rich marine sediments from California and the Arctic Ocean provide a window into the seasonal climate and oceanography of the mid- and high-latitude Late Cretaceous. These remarkable shallow-buried sediments constitute palaeo-sediment traps that record exceptionally well-preserved sequential biogenic and lithogenic flux events. Many of the diatom laminae are composed of a few dominant taxa, and we use a species-based approach for palaeoecological interpretation. Contrary to many earlier interpretations, results indicate that both sites preserve a major flux of taxa adapted to exploit a strongly stratified ocean. The uppermost Maastrichtian Marca Shale of California records a seasonal cycle initiated with a spring bloom flux of diatom resting spores followed by a summer lithogenic sediment input likely driven by monsoonal storms providing river runoff and aeolian input. This is followed by a dominant diatom flux of species that thrived in the summer stratification in deep chlorophyll maxima and were sedimented in the fall when this stratification broke down. Dominant taxa comprising this group include Hemiaulus, Stephanopyxis, Stellarima and Rhizosolenia. The uppermost Campanian CESAR 6 core from the Arctic Alpha Ridge, records a spring bloom flux of resting spores followed by a more dominant summer and fall flux of diatom vegetative cells which were likely concentrated in subsurface summer blooms that generated a “summer export pulse” and by the breakdown of stratification in the fall that gave massive flux of deep chlorophyll maxima species in the fall dump. The dominance and diversity of Hemiaulus in the CESAR 6 core together with widespread evidence of N2-fixation may indicate that some diatom blooms were powered by intracellular N2-fixing cyanobacteria as in the modern oligotrophic ocean. Thin lenses of fine lithogenic sediment that occur mostly in the spring layer represent rafting by winter sea ice and support other evidence that suggests intermittent winter freezing in the Late Cretaceous Arctic. 相似文献
9.
Fernando P. Siringan Erwin Don R. Racasa Carlos Primo C. David Rhodelyn C. Saban 《Estuaries and Coasts》2018,41(8):2277-2288
Mount Bulusan, the Philippines’ fourth most active volcano, erupted in February 21, 2011, sending volcanic ash and pyroclastic materials to its surrounding rivers. The waters drained into the estuary of harmful algal blooms plagued Sorsogon Bay. We aim to determine the impact of the 2011 volcanic eruption and the preceding volcanic ash emissions to the dissolved silica concentration of rivers draining the flanks of Mt. Bulusan and its possible implications to the phytoplankton assemblage of the bay. Six river water sampling periods from August 2010 to October 2012 overlapped with Mt. Bulusan’s active phase of volcanism. Our data shows that mean river silica from pre-eruption levels of ~?500 μM increased by more than 200% during and post-eruption. Highest Si concentration of 2270 μM was measured from Cadacan River in August 2011. Here, we argue that the sustained general increase of dissolved silica is due to the silica-containing materials from Mt. Bulusan’s eruption and that their concentration in river waters is also a function of watershed lithology and precipitation. Increase in dissolved silica and other nutrients caused a shift to diatom domination and, possibly, termination of Pyrodinium bahamense var. compressum blooms. Silica load increase in embayments is a natural process that controls the dominance of algae. Our study also highlights the importance of Philippine rivers to the global ocean silica budget as a function of high precipitation, tectonics in general, and volcanism in particular. 相似文献
10.
Robert L. McConnell 《Precambrian Research》1974,1(3):227-234
Microstructures of probable biologic origin have been described within early diagenetic chert from near the top of the Mescal Formation of Proterozo c (1.2–1.4 b.y.) age, from exposures in the vicinity of Horse Camp, McFadden Peak Quadrangle, Arizona. The structures, nearly all hematite in composition, are interpreted as replacements of microorganisms and have been divided into three categories: Type A, filamentous chains; Type B, discrete and grouped spherules; and Type C, globular aggregates. The Type A structures are interpreted as replacements of filamentous blue-green algae. Type B structures are thought to be replacements of blue-green algae, although the possibility exists that some may represent chlorophycean algae. Type C structures are tentatively interpreted as pyrite framboids subsequently altered to hematite. 相似文献
11.
Quarterly field sampling was conducted to characterize variations in water column and sediment nutrients in a eutrophic southern
California estuary with a history of frequent macroalgal blooms. Water column and sediment nutrient measures demonstrated
that Upper Newport Bay (UNB) is a highly enriched estuary. High nitrate (NO3
−) loads from the river entered the estuary at all sampling times with a rainy season (winter) maximum estimated at 2,419 mol
h−1. This resulted in water NO3
− concentration in the estuary near the river mouth at least one order of magnitude above all other sampling locations during
every seasons; maximum mean water NO3
− concentration was 800 μM during springer 1997. Phosphorus (P)-loading was high year round (5.7–90.4 mol h−1) with no seasonal pattern. Sediment nitrogen (N)-content showed a seasonal pattern with a spring maximum declining through
fall. sediment and water nutrients, as well as percent cover of three dominant macroalgae, varied between the main channel
and tidal creeks. During all seasons, water column NO3
− concentrations were higher in the main channel than in tidal creeks while tidal creeks had higher levels of sediment total
Kjeldhal nitrogen (TKN) and P. During each of the four sampling periods, percent cover ofEntermorpha intestinalis andCeramium spp. was higher in tidal creeks than in the main channel, while percent cover ofUlva expansa was always higher in the main channel. Decreases in sediment N in both creek and channel habitats were concurrent with increases
in macroalgal cover, possibly reflecting use of stored sediment TKN by macroalgae. Our data suggest a shift in primary nutrient
sources for macroalgae in UNB from riverine input during winter and spring to recycling from sediments duirng summer and fall. 相似文献
12.
We present a comparative analysis of lower depth limits for growth of eelgrass, large brown algae and other macroalgae measured by SCUBA-diving along 162 transects in 27 Danish fjords and coastal waters, coupled to 1,400 data series of water chemistry (especially nitrogen) and Secchi depth transparency collected between March and October. Danish coastal waters are heavily eutrophied and characterized by high particle concentrations, turbid water and lack of macrophyte growth in deep water. Median values are 3.6 m for Secchi depth and median lower-depth limits are 4.0 m for eelgrass, 5.3 m for brown algae and 5.0 m for other macroalgae. Depth limits for growth of eelgrass and macroalgae increase linearly with transparency in the coastal waters. The relationships are highly significant (p<10−6) and transparency accounts for about 60% of the variability of depth limits. Eelgrass extends approximately to half the maximum depth of macroalgae, presumably because of greater respiratory costs to maintain the below-ground rhizomes and roots of eelgrass, which often constitutes half the plant weight. As a reflection of the importance of total nitrogen (TN) in controlling phytoplankton biomass and thus Secchi depth in coastal marine waters, we found that TN could explain 48–73% of the variation in depth limits of eelgrass and macroalgae, according to a multiplicative model (Y=aXb). As with Secchi depth, the relationship to eelgrass showed a lower slope, reflecting the higher respiratory costs of eelgrass. The models show great sensitivity and a profound quantitative response with proportional effects on Secchi depth and depth limits when total-N concentrations are reduced. 相似文献
13.
Margot L. Hessing-Lewis Sally D. Hacker Bruce A. Menge Steve S. Rumrill 《Estuaries and Coasts》2011,34(6):1169-1181
Land-based eutrophication is often associated with blooms of green macroalgae, resulting in negative impacts on seagrasses.
The generality of this interaction has not been studied in upwelling-influenced estuaries where oceanic nutrients dominate
seasonally. We conducted an observational and experimental study with Zostera marina L. and ulvoid macroalgae across an estuarine gradient in Coos Bay, Oregon. We found a gradient in mean summer macroalgal
biomass from 56.1 g dw 0.25 m−2 at the marine site to 0.3 g dw 0.25 m−2 at the riverine site. Despite large macroalgal blooms at the marine site, eelgrass biomass exhibited no seasonal or interannual
declines. Through experimental manipulations, we found that pulsed additions of macroalgae biomass (+4,000 mL) did not affect
eelgrass in marine areas, but it had negative effects in riverine areas. In upwelling-influenced estuaries, the negative effects
of macroalgal blooms are context dependent, affecting the management of seagrass habitats subject to nutrient inputs from
both land and sea. 相似文献
14.
Thomas Ohde 《Central European Journal of Geosciences》2009,1(3):340-346
Hydrogen sulphide eruptions with their typical turquoise discolorations at the water surface are a unique phenomenon along the Namibian coastline. The remote sensing techniques of ocean colour sensors and microwave scatterometers were used for the investigation of such events. The studies with ocean colour sensors showed that the turquoise discolorations near the Namibian coast were neither linked to dust deposition into the water column by desert storms nor to the reflection of bright material in shallow water areas. In addition, other coloured marine events like algae blooms and river outflows were differentiable from the hydrogen sulphide eruptions by their special optical properties. Quasi-true colour images and spectral identification methods were utilised to monitor and investigate the spatial and temporal distribution of sulphide events. In the past years, they were sometimes and locally limited discovered. Newest remote sensing observations including our own investigations have established that the occurrence of sulphide events is more frequent and longer lasting. The north-westerly direction of propagation and their velocity between 12 cm s-1 and 15 cm s1 were derived from an event on 14 April 2004. Lastly, the microwave scatterometer remote sensing was applied to investigate the relation of sulphide events to oceanographic conditions. The events from May 2004 were clearly related to strong coastal upwelling. 相似文献
15.
After the Marinoan glaciation, macroscopic organisms thrived in the Yangtze Sea, South China, during the Ediacaran period. The Wenghui biota, which is found from the upper Doushantuo Formation black shales (>551 Ma) in northeastern Guizhou, South China, includes macroscopic algae, metazoans and ichnofossils. Most macroalgae in the Wenghui biota bear a holdfast to secure them onto seafloor and have a thallus of various lengths extending into the water column. This biota can be divided into Globusphyton, Sectoralga–Longifuniculum, Cucullus, Beltanelliformis and Baculiphyca–Gesinella assemblages. A fossil-barren interval containing a thin layer of feldspathic sandstone separates the macroscopic organisms into two distinct parts. From the Globusphyton assemblage through the Sectoralga–Longifuniculum assemblage to the Cucullus assemblage, metazoans show a positive correlation with the abundance and diversity of branching macroalgae at both metre and millimetre scales. Nevertheless, both Beltanelliformis and Baculiphyca–Gesinella assemblages, in which the number and diversity of macroscopic algae and metazoans, especially the shorter branching macroalgae, are obviously decreasing or even lacking, might be related to a special environment and a fragile ecosystem. In addition, the ratios of Ni/Co, U/Th and V/(V + Ni) display zigzagged profiles at millimetre scales indicating frequent redox fluctuations. Variations in macrofossils and trace elements at both millimetre and metre scales indicate that the oxygen content in the northeast Guizhou Sea fluctuated frequently during the middle–late Ediacaran period and the Wenghui biota possibly lived in the redox buffering zone. Moreover, the abundance and diversity of macroalgae, especially the branching macroalgae, could have significantly influenced the redox conditions in water column. The increase in oxygen may have improved the environment for the growth and reproduction of macroalgae and metazoans. 相似文献
16.
We investigated the independent and interactive effects of nutrient loading and summer water temperature on phytoplankton,
drift macroalgae, and eelgrass (Zostera marina) in a coastal lagoon mesocosm experiment conducted from May through August 1999. Temperature treatments consisted of controls
that approximated the 9-yr mean daily temperatures for Ninigret and Point Judith Lagoons in Rhode Island (United States) and
treatments approximately 4°C above and 4°C below the controls. Nutrient treatments consisted of the addition of 6 mmol N m−2d−1 and 0.5 mmol P m−2 d−1 to mesocosms 4°C above and 4°C below the 9-yr daily mean. Nutrient enrichment produced marked phytoplankton blooms in both
cool and warm treatments during early summer. These were replaced after midsummer by dramatic growths of macroalgal mats ofEnteromorpha flexuosa and, to a lesser degree,Cladophora sericea. No phytoplankton blooms were observed in the cool unenriched treatments, but blooms did develop in the mean temperature
and warm mesocosms during the second half of the summer that were similar in intensity, though of shorter duration, than those
observed earlier in the enriched systems. Macroalgal blooms did not occur in the unenriched mesocosms. Sustained warm water
temperatures markedly decreased eelgrass density and belowground production and increased the time interval between the initiation
of new leaves, particuarly when the biomass of macroalgae was high. The negative effect of elevated water temperature on eelgrass
was significantly increased under conditions of elevated inorganic nutrient input. By the end of summer, virtually all of
the measures of eelgrass health declined in rank order from cool, to mean, to cool enriched, to warm, to warm enriched treatments.
It is likely that the marked declines in eelgrass abundance observed during recent decades in the Northeast have resulted
from an interaction of increasing nutrient enrichment combined with increasing summer water temperatures. 相似文献
17.
黔东北伊迪卡拉纪陡山沱组的宏体藻类 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
宏体生物广泛地生活于扬子地区伊迪卡拉纪陡山沱期的海洋中,它们为后生动物的快速发展和演化奠定了一个崭新的环境和一个新生态链的基础.产自于黔东北伊迪卡拉系陡山沱组的瓮会生物群生活环境应在贫氧的、透光性良好的浅海低能环境,以宏体藻类为主,共描述15属18种(其中包括3个新属、5个新种、2个修定属和4个修定种)和1个未命名藻以及不明藻类固着器,另包含有宏体后生动物,可能的后生动物以及遗迹化石.瓮会生物群不但含有鄂西庙河生物群和皖南蓝田植物群的分子,也有南澳大利亚Ediacara生物群和俄罗斯WhiteSea生物群的分子,而且具有自已的特征而有别于其他伊迪卡拉期的生物群.其宏体藻类形态变化较大,组织器官和功能已出现明显的分化,并与高等植物之间存在一定的演化关系.宏体藻类多为直立固着于海底,提高了光合作用的效率,增加了水体中的含氧量.同时,宏体藻类作为生态系统中的初级生产者成为一种新的食物,改变了后生动物的食谱.因此,陡山沱期的宏体植物不仅改善了环境,为依赖一定氧而生活、生长和繁殖的后生动物给予了必要的支持,而且作为生态系统中的必要基础,为宏体后生动物的快速发展和演化提供了一个新的食物源.另外,宏体生物群的繁盛不仅提高了有机质的生产率,而且促进了富有机碳的沉积和保存. 相似文献
18.
O. V. Stepanyan 《Doklady Earth Sciences》2014,458(1):1158-1160
Currently, the species list of the macroalgae (excluding Charales) inhabiting the southern seas of Russia includes 388 species, specifically, 362 species in the Black Sea, 46 species in the Sea of Azov, and 70 species in the Caspian Sea. The species list has been increased by approximately 30% (96 species, most of them are registered in the Black Sea), compared to the data obtained 30 years ago. The green and red macroalgae of warm-water Mediterranean and tropical origin (Ceramium, Polysiphonia, Laurencia, Ulva, and Chaetomorpha) and brown algae (Sargassum and Cytoseira) were the key invaders. Nowadays the maximal species diversity is found on the Crimean coast and the Turkish coast of the Black Sea; and the species list of the Turkish coast differs significantly from all the other studied sites of the Black Sea. The number of the algae of the warm-water complex increased the most in 1990s–2000s in the Black Sea; species of boreal-tropical and subtropical origin dominate. However, such a tendency was not observed in the Sea of Azov and in the Caspian Sea, but expansion of the habitats of the brackish green algae has been registered. 相似文献
19.
Joseph E. Merz Paul S. Bergman Joseph L. Simonis David Delaney James Pierson Paul Anders 《Estuaries and Coasts》2016,39(5):1526-1536
Abiotic factors and species introductions can alter food web timing, disrupt life cycles, and change life history expressions and the temporal scale of population dynamics in zooplankton communities. We examined physical, trophic, and zooplankton community dynamics in the San Francisco Estuary, California, a highly altered Mediterranean climate waterway, across a 43-year dataset (1972–2014). Before invasion by the suspension-feeding overbite clam (Potamocorbula amurensis) in the mid-1980s, the estuary demonstrated monomictic thermal mixing in which winter turbidity and cool temperatures contributed to seasonally low productivity, followed by a late-spring-summer clearing phase with warm water and peak phytoplankton blooms that continued into early winter. Following the clam invasion, we observed a shift in peak phytoplankton bloom timing, with peak productivity now occurring in May compared to June prior to the invasion. Peak abundance of several zooplankton taxa (Eurytemora affinis, Pseudodiaptomus, other calanoids, and non-copepods) also shifted to earlier in the season. We present the first evidence of a shift in the timing of peak abundance for zooplankton species that are key prey items of delta smelt (Hypomesus transpacificus), a federally threatened pelagic fish species. These timing shifts may have exacerbated well-documented food limitations of delta smelt due to declines in primary productivity since the invasion of the overbite clam. Future conservation efforts in the estuary should consider measures designed to restore the timing and magnitude of pre-invasion phytoplankton blooms. 相似文献
20.
The photosynthetic fractionation of carbon isotopes by blue-green algae in laboratory culture is dependent in a non-linear fashion on the CO2 concentration in the feed gas. For the three species tested, the minimum fractionation occurred at a CO2 concentration of 0.2% in air and was approximately zero for the two marine species tested. Enrichment of C12 in the reduced carbon is not an inevitable result of photosynthetic carbon fixation. Temperature and pH had no detectable effect on fractionation. The maximum fractionation observed in the laboratory cultures or in recent blue-green algal mats was 18‰. Differences in the isotope ratio of coexisting oxidized and reduced carbon in Precambrian stromatolites are as great as 31‰. Present carbon isotopic evidence is not consistent with the idea that blue-green algae were major contributors to the organic matter in Precambrian sediments. 相似文献