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1.
The Beautiful China Initiative(BCI)is a plan for the sustainable development of the Chinese nation as well as for China to fulfill the United Nations’2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.The Chinese government’s“five-in-one”approach provides strategic arrangements for developing the BCI,and President Xi Jinping proposed a timetable and“road map”for the BCI at the National Conference on Ecological and Environmental Protection.Nevertheless,the theoretical basis,evaluation index system,evaluation criteria and effectiveness of the BCI are currently unclear.This paper begins by exploring the basic content of the BCI from narrow and broad perspectives.It regards the theory of human-nature harmonious coexistence and the five-in-one beauty theory as the core theoretical bases of the BCI and constructs a five-element BCI evaluation index system(ecological environment,green development,social harmony,system perfection and cultural heritage)and utilizes the assessment method of the United Nations’Human Development Index to assess scientifically the effectiveness of the BCI in 341 prefecture-level cities.The results show the average BCI index(the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beauty Index)score to be 0.28,which is quite low,while the average scores for the individual element indexes of the ecological environment index,green development index,social harmony index,system perfection index and cultural heritage index are 0.6,0.22,0.29,0.22 and 0.07,respectively.All of these are relatively low values,with relatively large discrepancies in regional development,indicating that progress in the BCI is generally slow and unbalanced.To realize the BCI’s timetable and roadmap to a high quality and high standard,it is suggested that a common system for evaluating the progress of the BCI is developed and promulgated so that dynamic monitoring and phased evaluations can take place;BCI technical assessment standards are compiled and published;BCI comprehensive zoning is undertaken;pilot projects adapted to local conditions are launched in BCI sample areas;and BCI results are incorporated into performance indicators at all levels of government. 相似文献
2.
袁钰莹 《地理学报(英文版)》2019,29(3):449-464
With basic information from 8353 archaeological sites, this study describes a holistic spatial-temporal distribution pattern of archaeological sites of the prehistoric culture sequence from 9.5 ka BP (ka BP = thousands of years before 0 BP, where "0 BP" is defined as the year AD 1950) to 2.3 ka BP in the region that extends from the Yanshan Mountains to the Liaohe River Plain(i.e., the Yan-Liao region) in northern China. Based on spatial statistics analysis – including the spatial density of the sites and Geographic Information System nearest-neighbour analysis, combined with a review of environmental and climatic data – this paper analyses cultural evolution, the spatial-temporal features of the archaeological sites and human activities against the backdrop of climatic and environmental changes in this region. The results reveal that prehistoric cultural evolution in the Yan-Liao region is extensively influenced by climatic and environmental changes. The Xinglongwa, Zhaobaogou and Fuhe cultures, which primarily developed during a habitable period from 8.5 ka BP to 6.0 ka BP with strong summer monsoons, have similar maximum density values, spatial patterns and subsistence strategies dominated by hunting-gathering. Significant changes occurred in the Hongshan and Lower Xiajiadian cultures, with a significant increase in numbers and densities of sites and a slump in average nearest-neighbour ratio when the environment began to deteriorate starting in 6.0 ka BP. Additionally, with the onset of a weak summer monsoon and the predominance of primitive agriculture, sites of these two cultures present a different type of concentric circle-shaped pattern in space. As the environment continuously deteriorated with increasing aridity and the spread of steppe, more sites were distributed towards the south, and primitive agriculture was replaced by livestock husbandry in the Upper Xiajiadian culture. The most densely populated areas of the studied cultures are centralized within a limited area. The Laohahe River and Jiaolaihe River basins formed the core area in which most archaeological sites were distributed during the strong summer monsoon period and the first few thousand years of the weak summer monsoon period. 相似文献
3.
Protected areas have a double mandate of both "protection" and "use." Naturebased tourism is considered an effective tool in terms of environmental conservation. Understanding the causes and consequences of a spatiotemporal succession of tourism construction is an important channel to explore the changes of tourism-environment interaction in the protected area. To analyze the spatio-temporal variations in tourism construction lands, we adopted Mt. Bogda as an example. We systematically quantified the interaction between these changes and environmental variables and explored the evolution process of tourism-environment interaction of the mountainous protected area in the northwest arid region. Our results revealed the following:(1) In the Bogda protected area, the proportion of tourism construction lands first appeared to be increasing, then decreasing dramatically, and finally growing slowly. The spatial expansion of tourism construction lands followed the "core-periphery" pattern, respectively showing shapely infilling, reasonable agglomeration, barycenter shift, and outlying growth from 1990 to 2018 as the stages of concentrating on the core.(2) The higher land-use intensity of tourism construction drove the changes of landscape fragmentation, diversity, stability, primitive, and nature degree in the protected area. The coupling coordination between tourism and the environment in the Bogda area decreased at first, and then slowly increased. Meanwhile, tourism did not cause irreversible damage to the natural environment, and the coupling coordination degree between tourism and the environment was still in the state of balanced development. It expressed the states of original balanced, development exceeds environment and barely balanced, and superiorly balanced. The historical evolution of tourism-environment interaction in Bogda reflects the pattern of periodic changes in China’s protected areas to a certain extent. 相似文献
4.
Based on the measured discharge,sediment load,and cross-sectional data from 1986 to 2015 for the lower Yellow River,changes in the morphological parameters(width,depth,and cross-sectional geomorphic coefficient)of the main channel are analyzed in this paper.The results show that before the operation of the Xiaolangdi Reservoir(XLDR)from 1986 to 1999,the main channel shrunk continually,with decreasing width and depth.The rate of reduction in its width decreased along the river whereas that of depth increased in the downstream direction.Because the rate of decrease in the width of the main channel was greater than that in channel depth,the cross-sectional geomorphic coefficient decreased in the sub-reach above Gaocun.By contrast,for the sub-reach below Gaocun,the rate of decrease in channel width was smaller than that in channel depth,and the cross-sectional geomorphic coefficient increased.Once the XLDR had begun operation,the main channel eroded continually,and both its width and depth increased from 2000 to 2015.The rate of increase in channel width decreased in the longitudinal direction,and the depth of the main channel in all sub-reaches increased by more than 2 m.Because the rate of increase in the depth of the main channel was clearly larger than that of its width,the cross-sectional geomorphic coefficient decreased in all sub-reaches.The cross-sectional geometry of the main-channel of the lower Yellow River exhibited different adjustment patterns before and after the XLDR began operation.Before its operation,the main channel mainly narrowed in the transverse direction and silted in the vertical direction in the sub-reach above Aishan;in the sub-reach below Aishan,it primarily silted in the vertical direction.After the XLDR began operation,the main channel adjusted by widening in the transverse direction and deepening in the vertical direction in the sub-reach above Aishan;in the sub-reach below it,the main channel adjusted mainly by deepening in the vertical direction.Compared with the rates of decrease in the width and depth of the main channel during the siltation period,the rate of increase in channel width during the scouring period was clearly smaller while the rate of increase in channel depth was larger.After continual siltation and scouring from 1986 to 2015,the cross-sectional geometry of the main-channel changed from wide and shallow to relatively narrow and deep.The pattern of adjustment in the main channel was closely related to the water and sediment conditions.For the braided reach,the cross-sectional geomorphic coefficient was negatively correlated with discharge and positively correlated with suspended sediment concentration(SSC)during the siltation period.By contrast,the cross-sectional geomorphic coefficient was positively correlated with discharge and negatively correlated with SSC during the scouring period.For the transitional and meandering reaches,the cross-sectional geomorphic coefficient was negatively correlated with discharge and positively correlated with SSC. 相似文献
5.
The town of Agura,a typical region in Horqin Sandy Land,was selected as the study area in this paper.Using 12 remote sensing images and climatic data from the past 20 years,the effects of climate change on surface environments were analyzed.The impact indices of climatic factors,along with their corresponding ranks,were used to characterize the responses of different types of surface environments to climate change.Results show that in the past 20 years,the surface environments of the study area have been deteriorating.Furthermore,there is a positive relationship between the changes in surface environments and those in climatic factors.Various climatic factors influence surface environments in different ways and at different levels.The most sensitive factor is relative humidity,followed by precipitation and evaporation.Overall,moisture is the key factor that affects the changes in surface environments of arid and semi-arid areas. 相似文献
6.
今年是广东省建成北回归线标志25周年。2011-06-22台湾嘉义、广东汕头、从化、封开、广西桂平、云南墨江等海峡两岸6座北回归线标志所在市、县,举行联动观测夏至正午太阳直射的大型活动,华南师范大学地理科学学院刘南威教授在活动筹办期间接受记者采访,畅谈广东地理学界对北回归线标志兴建的主要贡献和海峡两岸联动观测正午太阳直射活动的重要意义。 相似文献
7.
8.
The shapes of the urban lakes in Wuhan city have been strongly influenced by the rapid industrialization and urbanization experienced in recent decades.Based on topographic maps and remote sensing images,the temporal and spatial changes of East Lake,Wuhan city,over the past two decades were analyzed.The landscape shape index(LSI)and centroid method were applied to analyze the evolution of lake morphology and its causes.Several key results were obtained.(1)The surface area of East Lake decreased sharply by 2.13 km2 from 1995 to 2005,and slightly by 1.00 km2 from 2005 to 2015.The shoreline length of East Lake displayed a continuous trend of decline during the study period:The length reduced by 21.89 km from 1995 to 2005,and by 0.67 km from 2005 to 2015.The LSI values,7.04(1995),6.46(2005),and 6.28(2015),displayed an accelerated downward trend,indicating a reduction of complexity in East Lake and the intensification of manual interventions in the water body.(2)The changes to East Lake displayed a clear temporal and spatial heterogeneity.The centroid of East Lake moved northeast from 1995 to 2005 and southeast from 2005 to 2015.(3)The reduction in the area of East Lake was mainly affected by human activities.A lake area of about 4.8 km2 was converted to other land uses during 1995-2005,most of which was unused land,whereas from 2005 to 2015,0.43 km2 of the lake area was converted into built-up land,and 0.25 km2 was converted into other land uses.The reduction in area was caused by infrastructure construction by the government,the development of the real estate industry,illegal construction by villagers,and the development of scenic spots for tourism.The driving forces of this reduction included Wuhan's growing population,and the rapid development of the economy and urbanization between 1995 and 2015,which has resulted in a large demand for land.Finally,a formation mechanism model was constructed by analyzing the causes of East Lake's morphological evolution. 相似文献
9.
Ground temperatures from four of the seven extensively studied highway cross-sections near Gulkana/Glennallen,Alaska during 1954~1962,were chosen to better understand the impacts of highway construction on warm permafrost.Both the thawing of permafrost and seasonal frost action impacted on road surface stability for about 6 years until the maximum summer thaw reached about 3 m in depth.Seasonal frost action caused most of the ensuing stability problems.Unusually warm summers and the lengths of time required to re-freeze the active layer were far more important than the average annual air temperatures in determining the temperatures of the underlying shallow permafrost,or the development of taliks.The hypothesized climate warming would slightly and gradually deepen the active layer and the developed under-lying talik,but its effect would be obscured by unusually warm summers,by warmer than usual winters,and by the vari-able lengths of time of the zero curtains.At least one period of climate mini-cooling in the deeper permafrost during the early 20th century was noted. 相似文献
10.
中国水利学会2007年学术年会于10月29-31日在苏州市召开.本届年会的主题是"现代水利与河湖管理",水利部各司局、长江水利委员会、黄河水利委员会、各省市自治区水利厅局的领导、以及来自全国有关水利科研、设计、施工、管理和教学一线的技术骨干近600人参加了大会.与中国科协其他学会的年会相比,水利学会年会除了学术讨论的性质外,还带有一定的工作会议内容.来自各方面的10位专家作了大会特邀报告. 相似文献
11.
The characteristics of water vapor transport (WVT) over China and its relationship with precipitation anomalies in the Yangtze River Basin (YRB) are analyzed by using the upper-air station data in China and ECMWF reanalysis data in summer from 1981 to 2002. The results indicate that the first mode of the vertically integrated WVT is significant whose spatial distribution presents water vapor convergence or divergence in the YRB. When the Western Pacific Subtropical High (WPSH) is strong and shifts southward and westward, the Indian Monsoon Low Pressure (IMLP) is weak, and the northern part of China stands behind the middle and high latitude trough, a large amount of water vapor from the Bay of Bengal (BOB), the South China Sea (SCS) and the western Pacific forms a strong and steady southwest WVT band and meets the strong cold water vapor from northern China in the YRB, thus it is likely to cause flood in the YRB. When WPSH is weak and shifts northward and eastward, IMLP is strong, and there is nearly straight west wind over the middle and high latitude, it is unfavorable for oceanic vapor extending to China and no steady and strong southwest WVT exists in the region south of the YRB. Meanwhile, the cold air from northern China is weak and can hardly be transported to the YRB. This brings on no obvious water vapor convergence, and then less precipitation in the YRB. 相似文献
12.
利用中国地区1981-2002 年的常规观测资料和ECMWF 再分析资料, 研究了中国地区水汽输送的异常特征、水汽输送异常与长江流域降水的关系及其环流特征。研究表明: 中国地区水汽输送异常存在一些主要的模态, 其中第一模态最为显著, 其空间分布表现为在长江流域的水汽辐合或辐散, 其变化与长江流域的降水存在很好的关系。当西太平洋副热带高压偏南偏西偏强, 印度季风低压偏弱, 我国北方地区处于中高纬度槽后时, 大量来自孟加拉湾、南海、西太平洋的水汽在长江以南形成强大的西南风水汽, 与我国北方的冷空气在长江流域辐合, 容易导致长江流域降水偏多。当西太平洋副热带高压偏北偏东偏弱, 印度季风低压偏 强, 中高纬为平直西风气流时, 不利于引导低纬海洋水汽进入我国, 长江流域以南没有稳定的西南风水汽输送, 我国北方冷空气偏弱, 不易南下到长江流域, 导致在长江流域没有明显的水汽辐合, 降水容易偏少。 相似文献
13.
强台风“黑格比”暴雨洪涝特征及成因分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
利用NCEP/NCAR再分析资料,分析0814号强台风"黑格比"引发华南西南部严重暴雨洪涝特征及其成因.结果显示:①2008年9月下旬副高强度偏强,位置偏北偏西,台风易受其南侧偏东气流引导而西行;②台风"黑格比"强度强,辐合上升运动强烈,触发强降雨;③南海夏季风增强和季风辐合带北抬,西南暖湿气流强盛,增强了辐合上升运动,并为台风降雨带来了源源不断的水汽,使降雨加强和持续;④除了气象因素外,地形对西行台风降雨量的显著增幅作用,是造成强台风"黑格比"暴雨洪涝的重要原因. 相似文献
14.
中国西北空中可降水量的年内非均匀性特征 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：1
利用NCAR/NCEP资料,通过引进表征时间分配特征的参数集中度和集中期对西北上空大气可降水量年内非均匀性特征进行分析,结果表明:一致性异常分布是西北上空大气可降水量集中度和集中期的最主要的空间分布特征;西北地区上空大气可降水量集中度和集中期近45年来主要表现为2~4年、6~8年的高频振荡;西北上空大气可降水量集中度异常强弱年其水汽输送特征存在显著差异,在集中度异常强年,西北东南部西南季风水汽输送较常年偏强,其余区域西风带水汽输送较常年偏强,由于充足的水汽供应使得整个西北地区上空大气可降水量与常年相比偏多;反之亦然。 相似文献
15.
西北地区春季多雨与少雨年的高空环流特征 总被引：9，自引：7，他引：2
对西北地区1961—2000年119个气象站的春季降水,分析了其空间分布和时间变化及其多雨与少雨年的500 hPa高度场、OLR场、700 hPa风场、湿度场。结果表明:多雨年中纬度500 hPa春季高度距平场东正西负,东亚大槽弱,欧洲低槽强,700 hPa春季矢量风距平场非洲至欧洲、西伯利亚海和菲律滨海盆为辐散区,印度和中国西北地区为辐合区,北半球欧亚700 hPa春季比湿距平场正中心位于阿拉伯海到孟加拉湾和长江流域,OLR主要负距平中心在东南沿海和孟加拉湾,西北地区亦为负距平,主要正距平中心在西太平洋。少雨年500 hPa春季高度距平场西正东负,中亚到新疆的高压脊强,东亚槽偏强,700 hPa春季矢量风距平场欧洲、西西伯利亚、泰国为辐合区,中国西北地区为辐散区,700 hPa春季比湿距平场正中心位于孟加拉湾和菲律宾海盆,OLR负距平中心在东南沿海—青藏高原北—新疆北部,西北地区亦为正距平,主要正距平中心在西太平洋。 相似文献
16.
利用1953-2012年中国西南地区44个气象台站的逐日降水、温度以及NCAR/NCEP月平均高度场、风场、地面气压、比湿、垂直速度和NOAA月平均海表温度资料,分析了西南地区4～5月持续性干旱的大气环流特征,并对前期印度洋海表温度对西南地区4～5月持续性干旱的影响进行了初步探讨,结果表明：在西南4～5月持续性干旱年,同期4、5月乌拉尔山脊偏弱,东亚大槽南段偏弱,南支槽也偏弱,中高纬西风带偏强,这样北方冷空气和西南暖湿气流均偏弱;对应西南地区表现为异常的下沉运动,同时水汽输送通量表现为异常的辐散中心,从而使得西南地区发生干旱。另外,在西南4～5月持续性干旱年,从前期2月中印度洋异常偏暖的海表温度区逐渐向东移动,在4～5月到达东印度洋,东印度洋异常偏暖的海表温度加热该地区的大气,使得该地区表现出异常的上升运动,导致哈德莱环流增强,而我国西南地区对应异常的下沉气流,从而使得西南地4～5月发生干旱。 相似文献
17.
1989-2003年中国北方土地覆被变化 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
李月臣 《地理学报(英文版)》2008,18(1):85-94
The 13 provinces （autonomous regions and municipalities） in northern China are located in latitude 31°-54°N and longitude 73°-136°E including Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei, Shanxi, Inner Mongolia, Jilin, Liaoning, Heilongjiang, Shaanxi, Gansu, Ningxia, Qinghai, and Xinjiang, where environments are fragile. In recent years, the eco-environmental problems such as vegetation destruction, desertification and soil erosion etc. become serious because of climate change and unreasonable human activities. In this paper, landscape pattern and its evolution in northern China from 1989 to 2003 was investigated by the combined use of RS and GIS based on the basic theory and method of landscape ecology. Land use/cover maps of the study area in 1989, 1999 and 2003 were produced by using 1 km monthly NOAA Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer （AVHRR） and SPOTNGT Normalized Difference Vegetation Index （NDVI） dataset from national climate bureau of China which were geo-registered to Lambert azimuthal equal-area map projection and were used in the paper. Landscape evolution in the area over the study period was investigated by two methods： （a） the changes of various landscape metrics were analyzed using the landscape structure analysis program FRAGSTATS; （b） the transition matrix of landscape patch types was calculated with the help of the RS and GIS software. The results showed that from 1989 to 2003, the landscape within the study area had undertaken a complicated evolution in landscape structure and composition. The diversity index and evenness index increased during the period, which means that the landscape pattern tended to be diversified and even. The fragmentation index of grassland, forestland and water areas also increased significantly. This showed that the distribution and structure of forestland, grassland and water areas had been changed greatly during the period, especially grassland which became more and more fragmentized, and its fragmentation index increased from 19.23% to 88.72%. The transi 相似文献
18.
东亚夏季风的变化特征及其对甘肃夏季暴雨日数的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用NCEP/NCAR再分析资料,计算了1974—2013年乔云亭等定义的东亚季风指数,研究了东亚夏季风的变化特征,利用甘肃省80个站逐日降水资料,分析了东亚夏季风对夏季甘肃暴雨日数的影响。结果表明：（1）夏季,西南季风、东南季风和偏北季风存在明显的年际变化且有所差异。（2）夏季,西南季风、东南季风对甘肃省暴雨日数的影响存在很大差异：当西南季风盛行时,西太平洋副热带高压位置偏西,东亚大槽位于贝加尔湖至中国西北部,冷空气与西太平洋副热带高压输送的暖湿气流在陇东南一带交汇,贝加尔湖至张掖为西南暖湿和西北干冷气流,孟加拉湾水汽输送在陇东南地区辐合,造成河东陇南南部、天水东部、平凉、庆阳西部一带和河西张掖地区暴雨日数偏多;当东南季风盛行时,西太平洋副热带高压西伸北抬,冷暖空气主要交汇于甘肃中西部,孟加拉湾西南水汽输送在河东西南部辐合,造成甘南高原、甘肃中部、河西武威一带和酒泉地区暴雨日数偏多。 相似文献
19.
干旱区水资源对城市化约束强度的综合评价模型 总被引：7，自引：3，他引：4
Water has become a key restricting factor of the urbanization process in developing arid areas. Based on qualitative and quantitative
methods, we constructed an integrated indicator system to assess the status of water resources and urbanization system in
arid area, and established an AHP model reformed by entropy technology to evaluate the temporal and spatial variations of
water resources constraint intensity on urbanization. This model is applied to the Hexi Corridor, a typical arid area in NW
China. Results show that, water resources constraint intensity on urbanization in the Hexi Corridor is bigger in the east
and smaller in the west. It has changed from the less strong constraint type into the strong constraint type from 1985 to
2005, yet it decreased appreciably in recent years. At present, most areas in the Hexi Corridor belong to the less strong
or strong constraint type. Through rational adjustment of water resources and urbanization system, the Hexi Corridor can still
promote water resources sustainable utilization and accelerate the urbanization process. This study suggests that the integrated
assessment model of water resources constraint intensity on urbanization is an effective method to analyze the conflicts between
water resources and urbanization system in arid area.
Foundation: Knowledge Innovation Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.KZCX2-YW-307-02; China Postdoctoral Science Foundation;
K. C. Wong Education Foundation, Hong Kong
Author: Bao Chao (1978–), Ph.D, specialized in urbanization and water sustainable utilization. 相似文献