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1.
为掌握南湖国家湿地公园鸟类群落的动态,2015年6月-2016年1月每个季度采用样线法与样点法对公园不同功能分区的鸟类多样性进行调查。结果表明:南湖国家湿地公园共记录41种鸟类,隶属于11目24科。不同功能区域的鸟类密度存在差异,鸟类密度从高到低依次为:合理利用区宣教展示区生态保育区恢复重建区。恢复重建区春、秋两季的Shannon-Wiener指数比夏、冬两季高;而生态保育区则是春、冬两季高。功能区域划分对鸟类分布有显著影响,不同鸟类对区域的选择偏好也不同;一些常见鸟类,如棕背伯劳、喜鹊、麻雀等在不同区域内的分布差异也较显著(P0.05)。湿地公园功能分区和季节变化是影响湿地公园鸟类群落动态的重要因素。 相似文献
2.
《湿地科学》2017,(3)
互花米草(Spartina alterniflora)入侵沿海湿地后,会与本地植物进行竞争,从而形成本土植物与入侵植物群落共存的景观。对不同生境中鸟类群落格局的比较研究,有助于评估植物入侵对鸟类群落的影响。2014年11月中旬至2015年2月下旬,对盐城自然保护区核心区中心路南侧3种植物生境中越冬鸟类的种类、数量、鸟类觅食行为与基底等进行了研究。结果表明,3种生境中共记录39种鸟类。芦苇(Phragmites australis)群落生境越冬期鸟类均匀度指数、多样性指数和优势度指数最大,碱蓬(Suaeda glauca)群落生境、互花米草群落生境的3种指数依次减小。Jaccard相似性分析结果表明,互花米草群落生境与互花米草群落—芦苇群落交错带的鸟类群落极其相似;芦苇群落生境与碱蓬群落生境、互花米草群落生境的鸟类群落分别属中等不相似;碱蓬群落生境与互花米草群落生境的鸟类群落极不相似。棕头鸦雀(Paradoxornis webbianus)等8种鸟可以分别作为3种不同生境的指示种。在剩余信息40%的水平上,冬季鸟类群落可以聚为6个取食集团,除趋势对应分析排序结果表明,鸟类群落在轴1上可以分为3个类群。不同生境内的鸟类群落组成各异,且在不同生境有明显的指示种,鸟类群落的取食结构与生境内空间资源存在联系。在很多珍稀鸟类越冬过程中,本地物种碱蓬群落生境占据了重要地位,但是受芦苇群落和互花米草群落的双重竞争,其面积在逐渐减少,亟需加强保护与恢复。 相似文献
3.
南四湖北端湖口水域鸟类群落组成变化及多样性研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《湿地科学与管理》2017,(4):53-57
2013年1月至2015年12月,调查了南四湖北端湖口水域的鸟类群落组成,记录到鸟类13目33科61属92种,其中湿地水鸟6目10科21属37种。从鸟类生境类型、鸟类群落组成季节、年度变化等方面分析了南四湖北端湖口水域鸟类栖息现状。结果表明:南水北调东线工程改善了南四湖及相关河流水质,提高了植被覆盖与生物多样性。分析了太白湖北岸、西岸、南岸、东岸鸟类多样性指数,植被覆盖度、生境复杂度与鸟类多样性密切相关,针对北岸水域鸟类物种多样性相对较低的状况提出了生态建设建议。 相似文献
4.
为了研究人为干扰对西洞庭湖鸟类群落的影响,并提出相应保护对策,在2013年11月,采用样线法和样点法,对湖南省西洞庭湖国家级自然保护区内的鸟类群落结构进行了研究。在研究中,将该保护区的生境分为水域、天然洲滩、芦苇(Phragmites australis)丛、杨树林和居民区5种类型,前两种生境为天然生境,后3种生境存在人为干扰;记录了各生境下的鸟类种类、数量、行为等基本数据;计算了每种生境下的鸟类群落多样性指数、均匀度指数、优势度指数、种间相遇概率;对鸟类群落组成、数量进行了统计分析,对不同生境下鸟类群落结构进行差异性和相似性分析。结果表明,共记录到鸟类11目24科39种;其中,雀形目(Passeriformes)鸟种类最多,有8科15种;鹭科(Ardeidea)鸟种类最多,为4种;在地理分布型上,古北界鸟最丰富;在居留类型上,冬季以冬候鸟和留鸟居多,受保护鸟占总种数的一半以上;芦苇丛的鸟类群落的多样性、均匀性和种间相遇概率是5个生境中最高的,但优势度较低,水域、天然洲滩的鸟类群落结构多样性、均匀性和种间相遇概率都高于居民区和杨树林,但居民区和杨树林的鸟类群落优势度比其他生境高。因此,该保护区应该加大退林还湿、退田还湖的力度,以更好地保护湿地鸟类。 相似文献
5.
大纵湖是分布在鸟类东亚—澳大利西亚迁徙路径上的重要淡水湖泊。为了了解大纵湖区域中鸟类群落的结构及其影响因素,于2015年12月至2016年4月,在大纵湖区域设置了6条调查样线和3个调查样点,开展鸟类调查。调查结果显示,共记录了113种鸟类,隶属于13目39科,个体数量累计达51 694只;其中,隶属于雀形目鸟类的物种数量最多,为50种;隶属于鸻形目鸟类的个体数量最多,为23 825只;迁徙季、越冬季、繁殖季大纵湖鸟类多样性指数、优势度指数和均匀度指数都依次减小,但是,该区天然湖泊、养殖水域和城镇用地中的鸟类群落结构存在差异,两种水域生境与城镇用地中的鸟类群落结构差异较大,天然湖泊和养殖水域中的鸟类群落相似性较高;大纵湖区域中的鸟类群落结构与栖息地质量和鸟类迁徙节律有关。人类活动干扰,尤其是无序的围网养殖,是影响该区域鸟类群落结构的主要因素。 相似文献
6.
长白山北坡林线岳桦种群动态对气候变化响应的坡向分异 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
选取长白山北坡岳桦(Betula ermanii)苔原交错带3个不同坡向(东北坡、东南坡、东坡)的岳桦径级结构为研究对象,分析坡向在岳桦种群动态与气候变化之间关系的异同。结果表明:三坡向的岳桦种群扩张和气温高低存在明显差异。14个生态气候指标与对应年份内繁殖且存活下来的岳桦棵数的逐步回归分析和相关分析表明三坡向岳桦种群扩张是对气温变化的积极响应,但响应有差异:东坡>东南坡>东北坡。不同坡向岳桦种群扩张的差异是对气温变化差异的响应。 相似文献
7.
河西走廊地势狭长,位于两山之间,主要由荒漠构成,生境一旦遭到破坏,当地物种将很难找到替代的栖息地。本文以河西走廊中部典型砾质戈壁为研究区,经由2019—2020年红外相机和人工观测等方式监测到的兽类和鸟类数据为基准,探讨其群落动态及活动节律。结果表明：砾质戈壁兽类中的国家Ⅱ级重点保护及“三有”（有重要生态、科学、社会价值）动物有6种,而砾质戈壁鸟类中的国家Ⅱ级重点保护及“三有”动物有8种。兽类群落的季节变化小,春季鹅喉羚（Gazella subgutturosa）等的相对多度指数略高于其他季节,三趾跳鼠（Dipus sagitta）在4月大量出现;鸟类群落季节变化明显,春、夏季和秋季鸟类的相对多度指数高于冬季,物种数在夏季和秋季达到峰值。兽类和鸟类的相对多度变化趋势相似,均在夏末和春季达到顶峰。兽类的月相对多度指数与土壤含水量呈极显著的负相关,鹅喉羚和沙狐（Vulpes corsac）等日活动节律受人类活动影响出现在夜间、黄昏或黎明。鸟类的月相对多度指数与人类活动、空气温度、土壤温度和节肢动物均呈显著正相关,但人类活动在生长季会降低一些鸟类的活动频率。总之,河西走廊中部戈壁是鹅喉羚、沙狐、红隼（Falco tinnunculus）、锲尾伯劳（Lanius sphenocercus）、黑尾地鸦（Podoces hendersoni）、沙鵖（Oenanthe isabellina）、漠鵖（Oenanthe deserti）和短趾百灵（Calandrella cheleensis）等兽类和鸟类的主要栖息地,建立沙化土地封禁保护区对保护荒漠动物多样性具有重要的生态意义。 相似文献
8.
2017年7月～2018年6月,采用样线法和样点法,对克拉玛依市东部玛纳斯河下游的玛依湖区(分为上湖区、中湖区和下湖区)的鸟类资源进行了调查,分析了鸟类群落多样性及其季节变化。研究结果显示,在玛依湖区,共记录到鸟类17目39科99种;其中,有留鸟13种(占该区鸟类总物种数量的13.1%),冬候鸟7种(占7.1%),夏候鸟55种(占55.6%),旅鸟24种(占24.2%);在鸟类区系方面,有北方广布种37种(占37.4%),古北种29种(占29.3%),全北种20种(占20.2%),中亚种11种(占11.1%),东洋种2种(占2.0%);该区鸟类群落的优势种为毛腿沙鸡(Syrrhaptes paradoxus)和崖沙燕(Riparia riparia);该区有国家一级重点保护鸟类2种,国家二级重点保护鸟类18种,国家有益的或者有重要经济、科学研究价值的陆生野生动物56种,新疆维吾尔自治区一级重点保护鸟类4种,新疆维吾尔自治区二级重点保护鸟类8种;上湖区中鸟类群落的物种数量、个体数量、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、丰富度指数和Pielou均匀度指数都相对最大;与夏季和冬季相比,春季和秋季鸟类群落的物种数量、个体数量、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数和丰富度指数都相对偏大;对鸟类食性统计发现,在玛依湖区,食肉—食虫性鸟最多,有60种,植食性鸟最少,仅有9种,还有杂食鸟30种。 相似文献
9.
新疆克拉玛依市玛依湖区的鸟类多样性 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
2017年7月～2018年6月,采用样线法和样点法,对克拉玛依市东部玛纳斯河下游的玛依湖区(分为上湖区、中湖区和下湖区)的鸟类资源进行了调查,分析了鸟类群落多样性及其季节变化。研究结果显示,在玛依湖区,共记录到鸟类17目39科99种;其中,有留鸟13种(占该区鸟类总物种数量的13.1%),冬候鸟7种(占7.1%),夏候鸟55种(占55.6%),旅鸟24种(占24.2%);在鸟类区系方面,有北方广布种37种(占37.4%),古北种29种(占29.3%),全北种20种(占20.2%),中亚种11种(占11.1%),东洋种2种(占2.0%);该区鸟类群落的优势种为毛腿沙鸡(Syrrhaptes paradoxus)和崖沙燕(Riparia riparia);该区有国家一级重点保护鸟类2种,国家二级重点保护鸟类18种,国家有益的或者有重要经济、科学研究价值的陆生野生动物56种,新疆维吾尔自治区一级重点保护鸟类4种,新疆维吾尔自治区二级重点保护鸟类8种;上湖区中鸟类群落的物种数量、个体数量、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、丰富度指数和Pielou均匀度指数都相对最大;与夏季和冬季相比,春季和秋季鸟类群落的物种数量、个体数量、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数和丰富度指数都相对偏大;对鸟类食性统计发现,在玛依湖区,食肉—食虫性鸟最多,有60种,植食性鸟最少,仅有9种,还有杂食鸟30种。 相似文献
10.
王直军 《云南地理环境研究》1990,2(1):46-52
本文分析了云南哀牢山中山湿性常绿阔叶林区次生环境中鸟类群落的年动态。各类次生环境中,鸟类群落多样性和稳定性之间并非成简单的正相关。比气候顶极群落结构简单的林缘、林窗次生植被中的鸟类群落具有较高的物种多样性,但其群落稳定性较差;在植被简单的沼泽化草甸环境鸟类群落物种的多样性低,却表现其群落结构的稳定性。鸟类群落的稳定性与其生境的稳定性相关。在林缘、林窗鸟种类和密度变化显著,鸟类传播植物种子促进林缘、林窗地带自然更新和植被复化,能加速次生植被恢复到顶极群落的进程。 相似文献
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根据云南省内若干山区气象资料,研究云南山区日照时效的垂直分布规律,得出一些有意义的结论:日照时数垂直分布有抛物线型、线性型、缓变型等;日照时数年内变化有冬大夏小型、春大夏小型、夏大冬小型3种;山区日照时数坡向差异明显,各山区不尽相同。 相似文献
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云南哀牢山徐家坝自然保护区内,森林经不同程度的破坏后形成的各种次生植被下,土壤有机质含量均有所降低,但H/F值则随森林→灌丛→草地有较大幅度的增加。腐殖质聚合物分子结构中的芳构化度、分子量和芳香环的缩合度由木果石栎林、滇山杨林、毛蕨菜灌草丛到沼泽草地逐渐增大,而腐殖酸分子结构上所带的亲水基侧键则按上述顺序由多到少。 相似文献
13.
35 surface soil samples and 28 profile soil samples were collected in Longitudinal Range-Gorge Region, Southwest China. The
distribution of pollen and spores and their relationship with the environment are analyzed. The results show that there are
significant differences in pollen and spores taxa, amounts, dominant taxa and florae between the eastern and western flanks
of the Ailao Mountain. There are more pollen and spores taxa, a greater amount and complexity on the western flank of the
mountain than those on the eastern flank, while the dominant taxa are more centralized and prominent on the eastern flank
of the Ailao Mountain. As for the plant florae distribution, there are significant differences in the number of taxa and composition
between the eastern and the western flanks. The analysis of profile pollen and spores assemblage shows that its trends of
variation are basically in accordance with the surface pollen and spores, which are also indicators of the environmental differences
between the two flanks of the mountain. These significant spatial differences of pollen and spores are very close to the regional
topography and climate difference. The mountain running perpendicular to the moisture-laden air flow serves as a barrier and
the monsoon circulations the east and the west of the mountain result in different energy-moisture characteristics. We conclude
that the main patterns of the pollen and spores can be attributed to the environmental differences. 相似文献
14.
35 surface soil samples and 28 profile soil samples were collected in Longitudinal Range-Gorge Region, Southwest China. The distribution of pollen and spores and their relationship with the environment are analyzed. The results show that there are significant differences in pollen and spores taxa, amounts, dominant taxa and florae between the eastern and western flanks of the Ailao Mountain. There are more pollen and spores taxa, a greater amount and complexity on the western flank of the mountain than those on the eastern flank, while the dominant taxa are more centralized and prominent on the eastern flank of the Ailao Mountain. As for the plant florae distribution, there are significant differences in the number of taxa and composition between the eastern and the western flanks. The analysis of profile pollen and spores assemblage shows that its trends of variation are basically in accordance with the surface pollen and spores, which are also indicators of the environmental differences between the two flanks of the mountain. These significant spatial differences of pollen and spores are very close to the regional topography and climate difference. The mountain running perpendicular to the moisture-laden air flow serves as a barrier and the monsoon circulations the east and the west of the mountain result in different energy-moisture characteristics. We conclude that the main patterns of the pollen and spores can be attributed to the environmental differences. 相似文献
15.
基诺山林地环境及鸟类分布的变化 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
随着人类经济活动的增加，自然环境条件也在改变；人与自然的协调发展，保护生物多样性已成为突出的问题。本文分析了基诺山（又称攸乐山）林地及农作区鸟类多样性的变化，以探索地方民族与自然环境的协调发展。 相似文献
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China’s Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP) is an important area for bird conservation, with many endemic and Threatened species. Colonial burrowing mammals play an important role in structuring bird communities in arid grasslands around the world. On the QTP, the plateau pika Ocho tona curzoniae builds colonies which provide a dense source of resources for many bird species. However, pikas are regarded as a pest by local pastoralists, and they are the target of a population reduction campaign which could have a significant impact on the bird communities. We surveyed bird communities at Gansu Yanchiwan National Nature Reserve to investigate the differences in community structure between sites with pika colonies (on colony) and sites without them (off colony), and between pika colonies which had been poisoned and those which had not. Using non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) combined with permutational multivariate analysis of variance (PERMANOVA) and Wilcoxon rank-sum tests, we found that there was no significant difference in bird community composition or abundance between the poisoned and untreated colonies. However, there was a very large and statistically significant difference in bird community structures between on- and off-colony sites. Only horned lark Eremophila alpestris was consistently observed at sites without pika colonies, while ten bird species were observed on colonies. Six species were significantly more abundant on colony than off. While we could not claim that the poisoning campaign at Yanchiwan is altering bird communities, the presence of pika colonies seems to be an indispensable resource for the resident birds. 相似文献
19.
DEREK A. SMITH 《Geographical review》2010,100(2):187-203
In this article I attempt to shed light on the relationships between indigenous communities and bird populations through research on hunting in five neighboring villages in western Panama. Over eight months, 59 households captured 1,584 birds using rifles, sling‐shots, traps, and other methods, resulting in a total yield of 252 kilograms. Although hunters captured more than 125 avian species, just four species account for more than half of the total harvest. The most important game bird is the great curassow (Crax rubra), followed by the great tinamou (Tinamus major) and crested guan (Penelope purpurascens). The type and quantity of avifauna captured varies significantly according to habitat and hunting strategy. The spatial distribution of bird kill sites is highly concentrated, with 62 percent of the harvest by weight captured within just 1 kilometer of the participating households. Even the more vulnerable species are encountered close to home, suggesting that overhunting has not occurred. 相似文献