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基于性能的既有钢筋混凝土建筑结构抗震评估与加固技术研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
根据我国现行的建筑结构抗震规范,无论是新建建筑结构的抗震设计还是既有建筑结构的抗震评估与加固,均通过小震弹性承载力计算 抗震延性构造措施来达到"小震不坏、中震可修、大震不倒"的抗震设防目标(对于不规则且具有明显薄弱部位的建筑结构还需要进行罕遇地震作用下的弹塑性层间变形验算)。对于抗震延性构造措施不满足现行规范的既有建筑结构的评估、改建、扩建,如果仅通过小震弹性的承载力计算,显然无法达到"大震不倒"的目标。本文通过引入国际上先进的基于性能的结构抗震思想,以结构层间位移和结构构件变形作为性能目标,从定量上解决了既有钢筋混凝土建筑结构的抗震评估与加固问题。 相似文献
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为提高斜交网格结构的抗震性能,提出一种双防线可恢复性能斜交网格结构。双防线可恢复性能斜交网格结构采用剪切耗能段和特定梁端塑形铰进行集中耗能,使主体结构构件保持弹性。剪切耗能段不承受和传递重力荷载,易在震后修复或更换,使建筑可迅速恢复功能。为实现目标耗能机制,对等效能量塑形设计法进行改进以适用于可恢复性能斜交网格结构,并进行结构设计举例。采用OpenSees软件对所设计结构建立详细的有限元计算模型,进行非线性动力时程分析,以验证双防线耗能机制并评估抗震性能。分析结果表明:(1)小震、中震和大震下的结构顶部位移角分别为0.28%、0.8%和1.7%,与性能设计目标基本相同;(2)中震时剪切耗能段屈服,特定梁端未出现塑性铰;(3)大震时,特定梁端出现塑性铰以增加结构耗能能力,剪切耗能段屈服且处于延性范围内。因此新型可恢复性能斜交网格结构具有有效的双防线耗能机制,在中震后可迅速修复,在大震中可保持延性,实现"中震可修,大震不倒"的性能目标。 相似文献
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对国内外45 例地震预测预报震例的相关资料与文献进行查证与整理,总结、分析了震例中采用的中长期预测方法、短临前兆异常以及预报结果。研究表明,对地震发生的时间、地点和震级三要素均明确预测的概率较低,且仅为三要素的粗略预测,准确预测地震目前尚难做到。中国在地震预测过程中更注重对短临前兆异常的观测,在震前小震活动异常、地下水化学组分、地下水状态、地磁、地电、地倾斜、地应力应变、电磁波异常、前震平静等前兆预测方法中,根据震前小震活动异常作出临震预测的成功率较高,可作为预测某些类型大震的重要参考指标之一;国外震例大多是对地震进行中长期预测,在中长期预测结果的基础上采取以“防”为主的防震减灾策略,长期预测的理论和方法比中国丰富。 相似文献
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利用小震调制比的时间扫描方法对异常进行跟踪分析,通过对震例的研究发现,小震调制比的时间异常变化与宁夏及邻区的中强地震具有一定的对应关系。进一步分析认为,研究震前小震调制比的时间异常变化对把握宁夏及邻区中强震的发生具有一定的指示意义。 相似文献
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工程结构抗震设计中小震、中震和大震的确定方法 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2
基于Poisson分布,导出了地震危险性分析中的几个重要关系式。研究了烈度的平均重现周期曲线的特征。根据此特征将此分为缓慢变化型、中等变化型和急剧变化型。提出了小震、中震和大震的确定方法,对于具有不同类型的重现周期曲线的地震区,分别导出了小震、中震和大震的取值公式。最后,给出了该方法的应用实例。 相似文献
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基于龙门山断裂带及邻区2000—2008年的小震目录资料,采用全球7级以上地震活动影响“叠加”的思路,系统分析震前邻区小震受远程动态触发的异常活动特征。结果表明:汶川8.0级地震前,龙门山断裂带及邻区的小震活动明显受全球7级地震活动的影响,震前1年左右龙门山断裂带及邻区小震活动受远震动态触发活动的异常特征显著。并采用随机检验方法和改变统计参数对计算结果的可靠性进行验证。该方法能够有效地突出震前发震断层上远程动态触发小震的异常活动特征,对区域强震危险性评估具有一定的参考意义。 相似文献
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钢筋混凝土框架中震可修标准及简化抗震设计方法 总被引:5,自引:1,他引:4
本文对国际上主要建筑抗震设计规范中钢筋混凝土框架可修水准的层间位移角限值进行了比较,讨论了国内的一些相关研究结果,结合中国抗震规范确定钢筋混凝土框架中震可修层间位移角限值和屋顶侧移率限值分别为1/150和1/200。采用安全系数的抗震设计表达、论述了对应于结构层间位移角基于承载力的简化抗震设计方法。最后用实例按反应谱分析和弹性时程分析验证了钢筋混凝土框架中震可修层间位移角限值的有效控制作用,初步确定了简化抗震设计方法中梁柱构件的抗震安全系数并分析了提高目前结构抗震安全度的措施。 相似文献
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设计1个20层SRC框架核心筒结构模型,考虑地震的随机性和结构材料的不确定性,采用拉丁超立方体抽取结构-地震动样本,之后对其进行增量动力分析(IDA),以第1周期谱加速度为强度指标,最大层间位移角为结构需求,定义4个性能水平,研究该结构的易损性。通过引入群体结构震害评估中易损性指数的概念,计算多遇、设防和罕遇地震下的易损性指数。结果表明:以易损性指数作为评价指标,该结构在多遇地震作用下,处于轻微破坏状态;在设防地震作用下,处于中等破坏状态;在罕遇地震作用下,结构处于严重破坏状态。可认为依据我国抗震规范设计的SRC框架核心筒结构能够满足"小震不坏"、"中震可修"和"大震不倒"的抗震设防目标。 相似文献
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砌体填充墙框架结构抗震性能研究现状与展望 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
针对砌体填充墙框架结构在地震作用下的受力特点,分析了填充墙钢筋混凝土框架结构产生震害的主要原因。结合国内外砌体填充墙框架结构理论和试验研究成果,围绕填充墙的刚度退化规律和不同性能水平的层间位移角,评述了填充墙框架结构的研究现状。最后,结合基于性能的抗震设计理论背景和禁用黏土实心砖提倡节能的政策背景,指出了今后应以实现基于性能的抗震设计为目标,针对新型砌体填充墙框架结构开展系统研究。 相似文献
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In the present paper, the seismic upgrading of existing reinforced concrete (RC) structures by means of steel and pure aluminium shear panels is examined. After a preliminary experimental evaluation of the performance of the bare RC structure, a design approach based on the capacity spectrum method has been developed according to the procedure provided in the ATC 40 American guidelines. First, the geometrical configuration of the applied shear panels has been defined according to simplified analytical relationships, while appropriate steel members have been designed to allow the insertion of shear panels in the existing RC structure. Then, complex finite element models have been implemented in order to check the reliability of the proposed design procedure. Also, a numerical evaluation of the global response of the upgraded structure has been processed aiming at evaluating the interaction between the RC structure and the metal devices. Finally, the effectiveness of the applied shear panels has been proven by means of full‐scale experimental tests, which confirmed the significant improvement of the RC structure performance, in terms of strength, stiffness and deformation capacity. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Reinforced concrete (RC) shear walls have been extensively used as lateral load resisting structural members in tall buildings. However, in the past, strong earthquake events RC structural walls in some buildings suffered severe damage, which concentrated at the bottom and was very difficult to be repaired. The installation of the replaceable corner components (RCCs) at the bottom of the structural wall is a new method to form an earthquake resilient structural wall whose function can be quickly restored by replacing the RCCs after the strong earthquake because of the damage concentrating on RCCs. In this study, a new kind of replaceable energy‐dissipation component installed at the bottom corner of RC structural walls was proposed. To study the seismic performance of the new structural wall with RCCs, the cyclic loading tests on three new structural wall specimens and one conventional RC structural wall specimen were conducted. One of the new structural wall specimens experienced replacement and reloading process to verify the feasibility of replacement. The results show that the structural behavior of all specimens was flexure dominating. The damage in the new shear specimens mainly concentrated on RCCs. The replacement of RCCs can be implemented conveniently after the residual deformation occurred in the structure. Compared with the conventional structural wall specimen, the seismic performance of new structural wall specimens was improved significantly. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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The 2009 L’Aquila, Italy earthquake highlighted the seismic vulnerability of historic masonry building structures due to improper "strengthening" retrofit work that has been done in the last 50 years. Italian seismic standards recommend the use of traditional reinforcement techniques such as replacing the original wooden roof structure with new reinforced concrete (RC) or steel elements, inserting RC tie-beams in the masonry and new RC floors, and using RC jacketing on the shear walls. The L’Aquila earthquake revealed the numerous limitations of these interventions, because they led to increased seismic forces (due to greater additional weight) and to deformation incompatibilities of the incorporated elements with the existing masonry walls. This paper provides a discussion of technical issues pertaining to the seismic retrofit of the Santa Maria di Collemaggio Basilica and in particular, the limitations of the last (2000) retrofit intervention. Considerable damage was caused to the church because of questionable actions and incorrect and improper technical choices. 相似文献