共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 125 毫秒
1.
《天文研究与技术》2020,(2)
各类大型巡天项目产生了海量的天文数据,因此,需要研究适用于大规模数据的光谱自动处理方法。传统的基于谱线检测或BPT(Baldwin, Phillips, Terjevich)诊断图的星系光谱分类方法难以直接应用于星系光谱自动分类,相比之下,基于机器学习的光谱自动分析更适用于海量天文数据的分类研究。提出一种基于双层聚类的星系光谱分析方法。第1层采用k均值聚类算法将星系光谱分为吸收线星系和发射线星系,第2层使用CLARA(Clustering LARge Applications)聚类算法将发射线星系聚为5簇。对LAMOST DR5的星系数据进行实验,结果表明:(1)第1层k均值聚类能够成功将星系光谱分为吸收线星系和发射线星系,聚类簇与基于谱线检测的分类结果基本一致。(2)第2层CLARA聚类结果能够在BPT图中反映出不同的星系类型。(3)光谱聚类结果与颜色星等图分类存在预期的相关性。(4)k均值聚类和CLARA聚类能够适用于大规模数据自动分析处理,聚类结果能够很好地反映星系的物理性质和演化过程,簇心数据可以为光谱自动分类系统提供模板。 相似文献
2.
《天文研究与技术》2020,(1)
天体光谱数据的智能处理正由传统机器学习方法逐步转向深度学习,主要采用基于计算机视觉的技术手段。基于计算机视觉领域广泛应用的DenseNet网络结构,针对光谱数据进行修改,建立了适用于光谱数据的一维卷积神经网络模型,解决天体光谱数据分类任务。在验证数据集上,恒星、星系、类星体的F1分数达到了0.998 7、0.912 7、0.914 7,高于传统的神经网络。光谱分类关注区域的可视化结果表明,本文模型可以学习到各类天体对应的特征谱线,具有较强的可解释性。本文方法被用于阿里云天池天文数据挖掘大赛——天体光谱智能分类,并在843支参赛队伍的3次数据评比中获得了2次第一、1次第三的成绩,证明了该模型在保证分类精度的同时,具有极强的鲁棒性、泛化性,适用于光谱的自动分类。 相似文献
3.
《天文学报》2015,(5)
基于COSMOS(Cosmic Evolution Survey)天区的多波段测光数据和HST(Hubble Space Telescope)近红外高分辨率观测图像,利用质量限(恒星质量M*≥1010.5M⊙)选取了362个红移分布在1≤z≤3的星系样本,并对这些大质量星系的形态特征进行了分类研究.来自UVJ(U-V和V-J)双色图分类系统、目视分类系统、非模型化分类系统(基尼系数G和矩指数M20)和模型化分类系统(S′ersic index,n)的分类结果彼此相一致.相比较于恒星形成星系(SFGs),通过UVJ双色图定义的宁静星系(QGs)表现出致密的椭圆结构,而且G和n值偏大,但M20和星系有效半径(re)偏小.不同星系分类系统(双色图分类系统、非模型化分类系统和模型化分类系统)定义的SFGs和QGs样本,都明显存在星系的大小随红移的演化关系,这种演化趋势QGs比SFGs更剧烈,而且不依赖于星系分类方法的选择. 相似文献
4.
传统的哈勃星系形态分类法可以很好地对近邻的亮星系进行分类,但对低面亮度星系、矮椭球星系、矮旋涡星系以及高红移星系等都已无能为力。德沃古勒分类系统、叶凯士分类系统和范登伯分类系统是在哈勃分类法的基础上进行了发展和细化,利用光的中心聚集度或光度级等作为星系形态分类的参数。模型化分类系统试图定量地测量星系形态参数,但需要假定星系面亮度分布满足一定的形式,如r~(1/4)律、指数律等。最近几年,又有一些学者提出了非模型化分类系统,给出了若干个可以直接测量星系形态的结构参数,如:聚集度指数C、非对称指数A、簇聚指数S、基尼系数G及矩指数M_(20)。这些参数可以反映星系的形成历史、恒星形成、与其他星系的相互作用、已经发生或正在进行的并合活动等。它们不仅可以有效地给出近邻星系的分类特性,还能用于测量高红移星系的形态。该文介绍了不同的星系形态分类方法,比较了各类方法的优点和不足。在此基础上,最后介绍了基于非模型化分类系统的星系形态分类的研究进展。 相似文献
5.
星系的光谱包含其内部恒星的年龄和金属丰度等信息, 从观测光谱数据中测量这些信息对于深入了解星系的形成和演化至关重要. LAMOST (Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope)巡天发布了大量的星系光谱, 这些高维光谱与它们的物理参数之间存在着高度的非线性关系. 而深度学习适合于处理多维、海量的非线性数据, 因此基于深度学习技术构建了一个8个卷积层$+$4个池化层$+$1个全连接层的卷积神经网络, 对LAMOST Data Release 7 (DR7)星系的年龄和金属丰度进行自动估计. 实验结果表明, 使用卷积神经网络通过星系光谱预测的星族参数与传统方法基本一致, 误差在0.18dex以内, 并且随着光谱信噪比的增大, 预测误差越来越小. 实验还对比了卷积神经网络与随机森林回归模型、深度神经网络的参数测量结果, 结果表明卷积神经网络的结果优于其他两种回归模型. 相似文献
6.
《天文学进展》2018,(4)
星系形态与星系的形成和演化有着密切的联系,因此星系形态分类(galaxy morphology classification)成为研究不同星系物理特征的重要过程之一。斯隆数字巡天(Sloan Digital Sky Survey, SDSS)等大型巡天计划产生的海量星系图像数据对星系形态的准确、实时分类提出了新的挑战,而深度学习(deep learning)算法能有效应对这类海量星系图片的自动分类考验。面向星系形态分类问题提出了一种改进的深度残差网络(residual network, ResNet),即ResNet-26模型。该模型对残差单元进行改进,减少了网络深度,并增加了网络宽度,实现了对星系形态特征的自动提取、识别和分类。实验结果表明,与Dieleman和ResNet-50等其他流行的卷积神经网络(convolution neural network, CNN)模型相比,ResNet-26模型具有更优的分类性能,可应用于未来大型巡天计划的大规模星系形态分类系统。 相似文献
7.
近年来随着国际8~10 m口径望远镜数目的不断增加,4 m及以下口径望远镜已成为中小型望远镜.如何利用中、小口径望远镜做出有影响的科学成果,须做到"有所为,有所不为".为此,自2013年开始针对国家天文台2.16 m望远镜推出了重点课题支持计划.介绍的"近邻星系恒星形成区光谱观测研究"为2.16 m望远镜支持的3个重点课题之一.它将利用2.16 m望远镜3 yr、每年30个暗夜或灰夜的观测时间,开展20个近邻、大星系中多个恒星形成区、平行星系主轴方向和垂直主轴方向的光谱观测,获得一个有显示度的、科学意义重要的近邻星系恒星形成区和径向分布的光谱样本.同时该课题还利用6.5 m多镜面望远镜(MMT)的观测时间,开展近邻、特大星系的恒星形成区的光谱观测.利用2.16 m望远镜和MMT望远镜观测得到的星系不同区域的光谱数据,结合已有的紫外、光学、红外波段宽带滤光片数据和BATC(Beijing-Arizona-Taiwan-Connecticut)15个中带滤光片数据,可开展星系尘埃消光、恒星形成率、金属丰度和星族特性二维分布等方面的研究;开展星系二维特性和星系形态、星系环境关系的研究.将介绍这个重点课题的科学意义、星系样本的选取、光谱观测策略和星系NGC 2403的光谱观测和初步研究结果. 相似文献
8.
巡天观测与高能物理、黑洞天文等领域均有密切的联系.基于星系-超新星二分类问题,研究光谱数据预处理,结合余弦相似度改善PCA(Principal Component Analysis)光谱分解特征提取方法,用SDSS(the Sloan Digital Sky Survey)、WISeREP(the Weizmann Interactive Supernova data REPository)组成的5620条光谱数据集训练支持向量机,可以得到0.498%泛化误差的识别模型和新样本分类概率.使用Neyman-Pearson决策方法建立NPSVM(Neyman-Pearson Support Vector Machine)模型可进一步降低超新星的漏判率. 相似文献
9.
10.
“星系对”研究的飞速进展,得益于光谱红移巡天和多波段图像观测。选择的星系对数目不断增多,数据准确度和完备性不断提高,促进了与星系对相关的课题研究。首先介绍了星系对的选择情况,包括目前已选择的星系对数目和选择判据在实际应用过程中的改进和发展情况;讨论了数据的完备性对星系对选择和研究的影响,不同波段星系对选择的优缺点;其次概述了目前在星系对方面的研究课题;最后是对星系对研究的展望。 相似文献
11.
Because of the effects of noise, distortion, observational environment and other factors, some appropriate preprocessing should be made in advance of automatic classification of celestial spectra. We have studied the effect of data format and flux standardization on the automatic classification of sky survey spectra. A basic model adaptable for the order-of-magnitude variation of fluxes is proposed, and the corresponding standardization methods are given. Our experimental results on galaxy and quasar classification show that the logarithmic wavelength data format is better for the automatic spectral classification. By these experiments, the reasonableness of the proposed model and the performances of the given flux standardization methods are verified. Especially, it is noted that the commonly used flux standardization is the worst, among other standardizations, for automatic spectral classification. 相似文献
12.
A. Vazdekis 《Astrophysics and Space Science》2001,276(2-4):921-929
I present an evolutionary stellar population synthesis model which predicts spectral energy distributions, SEDs, for simple old single-metallicity stellar populations, SSPs, in the wavelength intervalsλλ 3856–4476Å and 4795–5465Å at a resolution of FWHM$equals;1.8 $Aring;, on the basis of an extensive empirical spectral library composed of ≈550 stars. The synthesized model spectra can be used to analyse observed galaxy spectra in a very easy and flexible way, allowing us to adapt the theoretical predictions to the characteristics of the data instead of proceeding in the opposite direction (as we must do, for example, when transforming observational data to a particular system of indices at specific resolution/s, such as Lick, which is heavily instrument-dependent).The SSP spectra, with flux-calibrated response curves, can be smoothed to the same resolution as that of the data or to galaxy internal velocity dispersion, allowing us to analyse the observed spectra in their own system, and with no need to correct the index measurements for velocity dispersion. Thus, we are able to use all the information contained in the data, at their higher spectral resolution. Excellent fits are obtained for various metal-rich globular clusters at relatively high resolution, and well known spectral peculiarities such as the strong CN absorption features are detected. When applied to early-type galaxies the model also shows its potential for studying element ratios such as the Mg/Fe overabundance. The model spectra provided robust age indicators for old stellar populations which do not depend on metallicity and therefore have a great potential for solving the age–metallicitydegeneracy of galaxy spectra. 相似文献
13.
《天文和天体物理学研究(英文版)》2016,(3)
We apply a new statistical analysis technique, the Mean Field approach to Independent Component Analysis(MF-ICA) in a Bayseian framework, to galaxy spectral analysis. This algorithm can compress a stellar spectral library into a few Independent Components(ICs), and the galaxy spectrum can be reconstructed by these ICs. Compared to other algorithms which decompose a galaxy spectrum into a combination of several simple stellar populations, the MF-ICA approach offers a large improvement in efficiency. To check the reliability of this spectral analysis method, three different methods are used:(1) parameter recovery for simulated galaxies,(2) comparison with parameters estimated by other methods, and(3) consistency test of parameters derived with galaxies from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. We find that our MF-ICA method can not only fit the observed galaxy spectra efficiently, but can also accurately recover the physical parameters of galaxies. We also apply our spectral analysis method to the DEEP2 spectroscopic data, and find it can provide excellent fitting results for low signal-to-noise spectra. 相似文献
14.
Christian Reichardt Raul Jimenez Alan F. Heavens 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2001,327(3):849-867
We derive physical parameters of galaxies from their observed spectra using MOPED, the optimized data compression algorithm of Heavens, Jimenez & Lahav. Here we concentrate on parametrizing galaxy properties, and apply the method to the NGC galaxies in Kennicutt's spectral atlas. We focus on deriving the star formation history, metallicity and dust content of galaxies. The method is very fast, taking a few seconds of CPU time to estimate ∼17 parameters, and is therefore specially suited to studying large data sets, such as the Anglo-Australian two-degree-field (2dF) galaxy survey and the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS). Without the power of MOPED, the recovery of star formation histories in these surveys would be impractical. In Kennicutt's atlas, we find that for the spheroidals a small recent burst of star formation is required to provide the best fit to the spectrum. There is clearly a need for theoretical stellar atmospheric models with spectral resolution better than 1 Å if we are to extract all the rich information that large redshift surveys contain in their galaxy spectra. 相似文献
15.
C.S. Möller U. Fritze–V. Alvensleben K.J. Fricke D. Calzetti 《Astrophysics and Space Science》2001,276(2-4):799-806
As a tool for interpreting nearby and high-redshift galaxy data from the optical to K-band we present our chemically consistent spectrophotometric evolutionary synthesis models. These models take into account
the increasing initial metallicity of successive stellar generations using recently published metallicity-dependent stellar
evolutionary tracks, stellar yields and model atmosphere spectra. The influence of the metallicity is analysed. Dust absorption
is included on the basis of gas content and abundance as it varies with time and galaxy type. We compare our models with IUE
template spectra and are able to predict UV fluxes for different spectral types. Combining our models with a cosmological
model we obtain evolutionary and k corrections for various galaxy types and show the differences from models using only solar metallicity input physics as a
function of redshift, wavelength band and galaxy type.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
16.
Alan F. Heavens Raul Jimenez Ofer Lahav 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2000,317(4):965-972
We present a method for radical linear compression of data sets where the data are dependent on some number M of parameters. We show that, if the noise in the data is independent of the parameters, we can form M linear combinations of the data which contain as much information about all the parameters as the entire data set, in the sense that the Fisher information matrices are identical; i.e. the method is lossless. We explore how these compressed numbers fare when the noise is dependent on the parameters, and show that the method, though not precisely lossless, increases errors by a very modest factor. The method is general, but we illustrate it with a problem for which it is well-suited: galaxy spectra, the data for which typically consist of ∼103 fluxes, and the properties of which are set by a handful of parameters such as age, and a parametrized star formation history. The spectra are reduced to a small number of data, which are connected to the physical processes entering the problem. This data compression offers the possibility of a large increase in the speed of determining physical parameters. This is an important consideration as data sets of galaxy spectra reach 106 in size, and the complexity of model spectra increases. In addition to this practical advantage, the compressed data may offer a classification scheme for galaxy spectra which is based rather directly on physical processes. 相似文献
17.
Noam Slonim Rachel Somerville Naftali Tishby Ofer Lahav 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2001,323(2):270-284
A new method for classification of galaxy spectra is presented, based on a recently introduced information theoretical principle, the information bottleneck . For any desired number of classes, galaxies are classified such that the information content about the spectra is maximally preserved. The result is classes of galaxies with similar spectra, where the similarity is determined via a measure of information. We apply our method to ∼6000 galaxy spectra from the ongoing 2dF redshift survey, and a mock-2dF catalogue produced by a cold dark matter (CDM) based semi-analytic model of galaxy formation. We find a good match between the mean spectra of the classes found in the data and in the models. For the mock catalogue, we find that the classes produced by our algorithm form an intuitively sensible sequence in terms of physical properties such as colour, star formation activity, morphology, and internal velocity dispersion. We also show the correlation of the classes with the projections resulting from a principal component analysis. 相似文献
18.
Results from a spectrophotometric study of the galaxy Kaz 701 are presented. Spectra of this galaxy were obtained on the 2.6-m
telescope at the Byurakan Observatory with the SCORPIO spectral camera. In the spectra of Kaz 701, strong Hα, [OIII] λλ5007,
4959, and Hβ emission were observed, and the [SII]λλ6731, 6717 lines were observed with moderate intensities, while the [NII]λ6584
line was scarcely noticeable in the spectra obtained in 2004, but was much more intense in the spectra of 2009. The lines
observed in the spectrum of this galaxy are typical of type Sy2 galaxies. A component was observed in the red wings of both
the Hα and Hβ lines in the data of 2004, but, although these lines were stronger, these components were absent in the spectra
taken in 2009. The relative intensities, equivalent widths, and half widths of these lines are given. These data, obtained
in different observation periods (2004 and 2009), differ greatly; that is, the emission is variable. 相似文献