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1.
Summary Louvain-la-Neuve, the sole Belgian New Town in three centuries, is located about thirty kilometers southwards of Brussels. In its first stage it had been established for welcoming most of the faculties of the Catholic University of Louvain (C. U. L.), which transferred from the original location in Louvain. The estate acquired by the C. U. L. mainly covers an agricultural area of 900 hectares, partly divided into 338 hectares for the future urbanized perimeter, 180 hectares for a public forest, and 163 hectares for a scientific park, designed for private research and development activities in connection with academic laboratories.The first part of the city center is almost completed and is located in the dale of the Malaise, on a substructure with underground parking and a railway station. Four neighbourhood units have been planned on the top of the slopes; the first two are already nearly finished and a third is under way. The principle of segregation of automobile and pedestrian traffic and its advanced architectural style constitute the main features.The active population of Louvain-la-Neuve now reaches about 12,000 (two-thirds are the students of the C. U. L.), and the residential population numbers more than 6,000 inhabitants (three-quarters are students and their families). The age structure is very young, due to the high proportion of students.Commuting to Louvain-la-Neuve is facilitated by excellent road and public transportation connections. As time goes by, it is anticipated that commuting will diminish. Moreover, a phenomenon of external commuting is developing. The attractive sphere and environment, the pedestrian areas and the emphyteotic system are the key features of the future residential development for persons neither professionally linked to the C. U. L. nor to the New Town.When the student transference is completed in 1979, the stage of real diversification of activities and functions will begin. About 20,000 inhabitants are scheduled for location by 1985 and a maximum of 50,000 by the end of the century. At that time, Louvain-la-Neuve together with its neighbours, Wavre and Ottignies, will form an urban tripole on a regional level, thereby strengthening the urban framework of the Walloon Brabant.  相似文献   

2.
Mineralogy and Petrology - The chemical composition of liandratite, U6+(Nb,Ta)2O8, was determined from material collected in Niobium, Yttrium, Fluorine type (NYF) pegmatites of the Karkonosze...  相似文献   

3.
Metamorphism of the Gile Mountain Formation and Waits River Formation in the Strafford Dome and Townshend-Brownington Syncline in east-central Vermont records two nappe-style events, D1 and D2, followed by doming. D1 formed a muscovite + biotite ± ilmenite schistosity subparallel to compositional layering, SO, and was followed by heating to garnet grade. The temperature and pressure at the end of D1 are estimated to be c . 450 C and 6-8 kbar. D2 variably crenulated and folded S1 during a nearly isothermal pressure increase of 1-2 kbar, calculated from compositions of garnet, which have inclusions trails with progressive crenulation and rotation of the S1 fabric. Similar P-T paths are computed for most of the area, suggesting that the later schistosity developed during emplacement of a regional nappe 3-6 km thick. There is a general lack of D3 (dome-stage) microstructures.
Near the Strafford-Willoughby Arch, staurolite and kyanite overgrew S2 in pelites, and plagioclase with increasing X An overgrew S2 in calcic pelites, reflecting post-D2 heating to a maximum of 550-600 C. Metamorphic pressures at the end of D2 are fairly constant on the west side of the dome, indicating minor dome-stage uplift. In contrast, pressures at the thermal peak of metamorphism decrease by more than 4 kbar east of the dome. The observed pattern of isotherms and isobars is mainly the result of post-metamorphic, differential uplift and unroofing.
Finally, a minor, retrograde metamorphism produced the assemblage albite + epidote + K-feldspar + muscovite + chlorite, with grade increasing east toward the Connecticut River.  相似文献   

4.
Mollusks were studied from six sites in Lake Algonquin deposits (12,000-10,000 yr B.P.), five transitional (Lake Stanley low stage; 10,000 – 6000 yr B.P.), and six Nipissing stage sites (6000-4000 yr B.P.) east of Lake Huron in southwestern Ontario. The sites represent a variety of near-shore, lagoonal, estuarine, and fluvial environments. Eighteen species were limited to occurrences in Algonquin stage deposits; 8 were found only in the transitional age sites; and 14 species were restricted to Nipissing stage localities. With the possible exception of Goniobasis livescens, which occurred at five of the six Nipissing stage sites, the remaining stratigraphically limited species were usually restricted to one or two localities and probably cannot be used as zone fossils. Some cold-tolerant species (e.g., Anodonta grandis simpsoniana) were very early migrants into the study area, while others arrived later, apparently from eastern, southern, and western sources. Mollusks proved useful in paleoenvironmental reconstructions and to a lesser extent in biostratigraphic zonation.  相似文献   

5.
We describe the new mineral species titanium,ideally Ti,found in the podiform chromitites of the Luobusha ophiolite in Tibet,People’s Republic of China.The irregular crystals range from 0.1 to 0.6 mm in diameter and form an intergrowth with coesite and kyanite.Titanium is silver grey in colour,the luster is metallic,it is opaque,the streak is grayish black,and it is non-fluorescent.The mineral is malleable,has a rough to hackly fracture and has no apparent cleavage.The estimated Mohs hardness is 4,and the calculated density is 4.503 g/cm3.The composition is Ti 99.23-100.00 wt%.The mineral is hexagonal,space group P63 /mmc.Unit-cell parameters are a 2.950(2),c 4.686(1),V 35.32(5) 3,Z = 2.The five strongest powder diffraction lines [d in(hkl)(I/I0)] are: 2.569(010)(32),2.254(011)(100),1.730(012)(16),1.478(110)(21),and 0.9464(121)(8).The species and name were approved by the CNMNC(IMA 2010–044).  相似文献   

6.
Two Lateglacial insect sequences are described (a) from Conty, in the Selle valley and (b) from Houdancourt in the Oise valley, both in northern France. These investigations are part of a multidisciplinary investigation involving archaeology, sedimentology, geomorphology, geochronology and palaeontology (pollen, macroscopic plant remains, vertebrates, molluscs and insect fossils). The sequences of insect assemblages date from the latter part of the Bølling to the end of the Allerød periods. Environmental analysis of these faunas shows that rivers with riffles and pools meandered across flood plains. The river was extensively fringed with reedy vegetation. The only trees growing close to the river were of Salix and/or Populus. All the insect assemblages indicate that the thermal climates during the Bølling and Allerød periods were similar to one another and during both periods were very nearly as warm as that of the present day. No insect fossils were recovered from the sediments attributed to the Older Dryas interval though other evidence from these sites suggests that this event was decidedly colder than those immediately preceding and succeeding it. Comparisons are made between Lateglacial climatic patterns in northern France with those elsewhere in Europe.  相似文献   

7.
E. Galli  E. Passaglia 《Lithos》1973,6(1):83-89
Stellerite (a zeolite) occurs as polycrystal aggregates filling cavities and fractures in the andesite near Villanova Monteleone (Sassari). Principal forms are (100), (010), (001) and (111). The indexed X-ray diffraction powder pattern is reported. The mineral is orthorhombic, with space group Fmmm (or F222 or Fmm2). The unit cell dimensions, chemical formula, density and optical properties are given.  相似文献   

8.
Shinozaki  Tetsuya  Sawai  Yuki  Ito  Kazumi  Hara  Junko  Matsumoto  Dan  Tanigawa  Koichiro  Pilarczyk  Jessica E. 《Natural Hazards》2020,103(1):713-730

Geological evidence of recent tsunamis from sediment samples collected from Lake Tokotan, a coastal lagoon in eastern Hokkaido, northern Japan, was detected using computed tomography (CT) and soft X-ray images, grain size, and radionuclide profiles. Initial field observations revealed that sediments had no discernable sedimentary structures at the top of the core. However, results of CT imaging, soft X-ray, and grain size analyses show evidence for three invisible sand layers that are intercalated with mud layers. These sand layers exhibit trends of landward fining and thinning. Furthermore, the distribution of sand layers was limited to the center and seaward parts of the lake. Vertical profiles of cesium and lead concentrations in combination with recent eyewitness accounts indicated that these sand layers are correlated with the 1973 Nemuro-oki, 1960 Chilean, and 1952 Tokachi-oki tsunami events. The deeper part of the sediment cores includes three volcanic ash layers and three prehistoric coarse sand layers. The prehistoric layers are correlated with unusually large tsunamis that were geologically identified in previous studies from eastern Hokkaido. These findings suggest that nondestructive techniques, in combination with radionuclide analysis, allow for detection of frequent but faint tsunami deposits. This technique allows for an improved understanding of the history of tsunami inundation in Lake Tokotan and of other locations for which stratigraphic evidence for faint tsunamis layers is not readily apparent from field assessments.

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9.
During the past 8000 years, large volcanic debris flows from Mount Meager, a Quaternary volcano in southwest British Columbia, have reached several tens of kilometres downstream in Lillooet River valley, with flow velocities of many metres per second and flow depths of several metres. These debris flows inundated areas that have become settled in the past 100 years and are now experiencing rapid urban growth. Notably, Pemberton, 65 km from Mount Meager, has doubled in size in the past five years. Approval of subdivision and building permits in Pemberton and adjacent areas requires assessment and mitigation of flood hazards, but large, rare debris flows from Mount Meager are not considered in the permitting process. Unlike floods, some volcanic debris flows occur without warning. We quantify the risk to residents in Lillooet River valley from non-eruption triggered volcanic debris flows based on Holocene landslide activity at Mount Meager. The calculated risk exceeds, by orders of magnitude, risk tolerance thresholds developed in Hong Kong, Australia, England, and in one jurisdiction in Canada. This finding poses a challenge for local governments responsible for public safety.  相似文献   

10.
The monotypic genus Pseudalces Flerov 1962 (Mammalia: Cervidae), containing P. mirandus Flerov 1962 from the middle Pliocene near Stavropol, is described on the basis of few cranial fragments including two partial upper tooth rows. The genus is distinguished from other cervids by its elongated muzzle and lachrymal, its tapering forehead, its antler pedicle orientation and other features.—C. E. Ray  相似文献   

11.
An interesting selachian fish assemblage having stratigraphic and palaeoecological significance is being described from the two intraformational calcareous conglomeratic horizons within the Upper Bhuban unit of Bhuban Formation, Surma Group (Lower to Middle Miocene). The assemblage consists of eighteen species of selachian fishes including two new ones (Carcharhinus bhubanicus and Hemipristis unidenticulata) belonging to thirteen genera and another thirteen forms have been identified up to generic level. It is dominated by the families Carcharhinidae and Lamnidae, and is one of the most diversified Miocene assemblages from the Indian subcontinent. The fish fauna and the associated mega-invertebrates suggest Lower Miocene (Aquitanian - Burdigalian) age for the Upper Bhuban unit of Bhuban Formation. These further suggest that the fish yielding horizons were deposited under a warm shallow marine set-up near to the shoreline in a high-energy environment.  相似文献   

12.
Tourmalinite from northern Guangxi,China   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
The extensive development of tourmalinite is a feature that distinguishes the northern Guangxi polymetallic tin province of China from similar metallogenic provinces elsewhere. Two types of tourmalinite occur in the province. The first type, in the lower part of the Early Proterozoic Sibao Group, is bedded, stratiform or lenticular tourmalinite that shows well-developed laminated, gel, and degelatinized structures. Its mineral assemblage is very simple and the grain size ranges from 2 to 8 m. This tourmaline is relatively rich in Mg, with an Fe/(Fe + Mg) ratio of 0.25–0.50.The second type of tourmalinite occurs as lodes distributed in the exocontact zone of Late Proterozoic biotite-granite intrusions. Its mineral assemblage is relatively complex; the tourmaline is present as euhedral or subhedral crystals ranging from 0.1 to 3.5 mm, mostly from 0.5 to 1 mm. This tourmaline commonly exhibits a radiating, zoned structure with Fe/(Fe + Mg) ratios of 0.64–0.79. It is suggested that the bedded tourmalinite formed by exhalation in an Early Proterozoic spreading-ridge environment, whereas the vein tourmalinite formed in a plate-convergence setting genetically associated with emplacement of Late Proterozoic biotite granite. As the tourmalinites themselves are related to mineralized rocks and orebodies, their origin and the related boron cycle of the region reflect to some extent the formation and evolution of the associated polymetallic tin deposits of the region.  相似文献   

13.
J.B. Dawson  T. Frisch 《Lithos》1971,4(3):297-303
Eucolite occurs in ejected blocks of agpaitic wollastonite-bearing nepheline syenite in the pyroclastics of the active carbonatite volcano Oldoinyo Lengai, northern Tanzania. An analysis of the syenite is given, and chemical, optical and X-ray data for the eucolite are presented. The agpaitic paragenesis at Oldoinyo Lengais is one of the few recorded instances of agpaitic rocks in carbonatite environment.  相似文献   

14.
福建龙海牛头山新生代玄武岩橄榄岩包体的水   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
王蓉  张保民 《地球科学》2011,36(4):635-642
对福建龙海牛头山新生代玄武岩中橄榄岩包体进行了傅利叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)分析,结果显示,二辉橄榄岩中的辉石包体含有结构水,均以OH的形式存在,结构水含量分别如下: 单斜辉石为(151~845)×10-6,斜方辉石为(40~710)×10-6,全岩为(25~90)×10-6.无论是辉石中的水含量还是全岩中的水含量,福建牛头山地区均高于华北克拉通的安徽女山、河北汉诺坝和苏北盆地,而与同是华北克拉通的河北阳原地区水含量相当.实验证明辉石是牛头山地区上地幔重要的水储库.初步推断福建牛头山经历了洋壳俯冲作用及底侵作用.   相似文献   

15.
The Quaternary infilling of a circular structure located in Bajada del Diablo, Chubut Province, Argentina has been proposed as a crater strewn field in previous studies. Here we report the finding of about 65 microspherules collected in a trench excavated in the center of the structure. The majority of hand-picked specimens are single, but some of them exhibit compound forms. The single specimens are spherical with a mean size of 137 μm, whereas the more complex samples show peduncles and drop shapes. Dendritic crystal growth is recognized in the internal structure of some broken microspherules. Preliminary chemical composition from the surface and center of microspherules was determined by energy dispersive spectrometry employing EDS. Quantitative EMPA and XRD analysis indicate that the microspherules are mainly composed of Fe and O with magnetite, Fe0 with subordinate wüstite. Following consideration of possible anthropogenic and volcanic origins, these spherulites are ascribed to an extraterrestrial input. An accumulation rate of 47 microspherules per m2/yr is estimated for the studied sediments. This value is two orders of magnitude higher than the reference flux for cosmic dust estimated for the last 1 Ma in the Transantarctic Mountains. The microspherules might have been generated as a byproduct of asteroid entry in the atmosphere.  相似文献   

16.
This paper explores the environmental conditions that faced the people of ancient Jawa during the Holocene, as well as previous prehistoric periods of the mid-late Pleistocene. Calcite speleothems in a lava tube are dated using the U-Th method, to marine oxygen isotope stage 7 from  250 to 240 ka and from  230 to  220 ka; and the stage 5/4 transition between  80 and 70 ka. The available evidence indicates general aridity of the Black Desert during most of the mid-late Quaternary, punctuated by short wetter periods, when the Mediterranean cyclonic systems intensified and penetrated the north Arabian Desert. These Mediterranean systems had a longer and more intense effect on the desert fringe closer to the Mediterranean and only rarely penetrated the Black Desert of Jawa. The results do not exclude some increase of rainfall which did not change water availability dramatically during the warm Holocene. The ancient Jawa city appears to have depended on technological ability to build elaborate runoff-collection systems, which became the prime condition for success.  相似文献   

17.
Summary Baotite occurs in the Garaoulére orebody, at Pierreftte, France, as an accessory mineral, included in alstonite and celsian, and associated with sphalerite, galena, pyrite, siderite and calcite in hydrothermal veins crosscutting calcareous, rutile-bearing, siltstones. Microprobe analyses revealed high W03 concentrations (up to 6 wt.%) in baotite. The empirical formula of W-rich baotite is Ba3.959Ti4(Ti3.169W0.393Fe0.116Al0.073 Cr0.048Nb0.024)3.823 Si4.05O28Cl1.166. The excess of charges due to the presence of W6+ and Nb5+ is compensated by the introduction of M3+ (Fe, Al, Cr) into Ti-octahedra, by the appearance of Al in Si-tetrahedra (for W-poor baotite) and by the appearance of vacancies in Ti-octahedra (3Ti4 -> 2W6+ + and in Ba-sites (Ti4+ Ba2+ W6+, ). The unit-cell parameters of W-rich baotite are: a = 19.92(2), c = 5.930(8) Å. Niobium-rich baotites (Baiyun-Obo,Semenov et al., 1961; Karlstein,Nmec, 1987) are characterized by substitutions: Ti4+(VI), Si4+(IV)Nb5+(VI), Al3+(IV) and 2Ti4+, Ba2+ 2Nb5+, .
Wolfram führender Baotit von Pierrefitte, Pyrenäen, Frankreich
Zusammenfassung Baotit kommt in dem Garaoulére Erzkórper in Pierrefitte, Frankreich als ein akzessorisches Mineral in Einschlÿussen in Alstonit und Celsian vor. Er ist mit Zinkblende, Bleiglanz, Pyrit, Siderit und Calcit assoziiert. Diese Paragenese ist an hydrothermale Gänge gebunden, die kalkige rutil-führende Siltsteine durchsetzen. Mikrosondenanalysen zeigen hohe W03 Gehalte (bis zu 6 Gew.%) in Baotit. Die empirische Formel von wolfram-reichem Baotit ist: Ba3.959Ti4(Ti3.169W0.393Fe0.116Al0.073Cr0.048Nb0.024)3.823 Si4.05O28Cl1.66. Der durch die Anwesenheit von W6+ und Nb5+ erforderliche Ladungsausgleich ergibt sich durch das Eintreten von M3+ (Fe, Al; Cr) in Ti-Oktaeder, und von Al in Si-Tetraeder (für W-armen Baotit) und schließlich durch das Erscheinen von Leerstellen in Ti-Oktaedern (3Ti4+ 2W6+ + und in Ba-Stellen (Ti4+, Ba` W6+, Die Zellparameter von ldW-reichem Baotit sind: a = 19.92(2), c = 5.930(8) Å. Niob-reiche Baotite (Baiyun-Obo, Semenov et al., 1961; Karlstein, Nmec, 1987) sind durch Substitutionen charakterisiert: Ti4+(VI), Si4+(IV)Nb5+(VI), Al3+(IV) und 2Ti4+, Ba2+ 2Nb5+, .
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18.
陈伟  赵太平  魏庆国  徐勇航 《岩石学报》2008,24(10):2301-2312
铁钛磷灰岩仅由磷灰石和铁钛氧化物组成,常赋存于岩体型斜长岩中,成因上有不混溶和分异堆晶两种不同的认识。本文从磷灰石角度讨论河北大庙铁钛磷灰岩的形成机制。大庙铁钛磷灰岩常产出于浸染状Fe—P矿体内部,有时与块状铁矿石交互出现形成韵律条带状矿石,为岩浆结晶分异的产物。铁钛磷灰岩中磷灰石呈浑圆状,含量变化于15％-34％。铁钛磷灰岩的全岩和磷灰石微量元素分析显示,磷灰石比全岩相对富集稀土元素达2．96—6．93倍,但两者的配分型式基本平行。质量平衡计算（Rocl／F）的结果表明,铁钛磷灰岩中几乎100％的稀土元素赋存于磷灰石中。综合上述特征,反映磷灰石为结晶分离的堆晶矿物,铁钛磷灰岩应为堆晶成因。因为如果磷灰石结晶于铁钛磷灰岩不混溶熔体,它的稀土元素分配系数也不会变化达2．3倍（变化于2．96—6．93）。计算出该磷灰石的母岩浆稀土元素组成,与浸染状Fe．P矿石最为相似,结合它与铁钛磷灰岩之间紧密共生的野外特征以及相似的全岩及磷灰石稀土元素配分型式,认为磷灰石最可能是在浸染状Fe．P矿浆中,经结晶分离作用形成铁钛磷灰岩。  相似文献   

19.
For the first time we report bastnaesite and hydroxyl bastnaesite (lanthanum cerium fluoro-carbonate) from the Kanigiri granite. The host granitoids are of A-type and vary in composition from quartz syenites to peralkaline granites. Rare metal and rare earth-bearing minerals identified by X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies in Kanigiri granite are bastnaesite and hydroxyl bastnaesite, besides columbite-tantalite, monazite, fergusonite, thorite and euxenite. Petromineralogical studies have also revealed the presence of bastnaesite. The presence of bastnaesite in Kanigiri granite suggests that the host felsic rocks may also form a potential source for light rare earth mineral, bastnaesite, apart from the already known rare-metal minerals.  相似文献   

20.
BINNS  R. A. 《Journal of Petrology》1967,8(3):349-371
Chemical and mineralogical data are presented for the constituentsof an eclogite from Naustdal, Norway. Textural relationshipsindicate that the primary amphibole, a barroisitic variety intermediatein composition between glaucophane and common hornblende, formedin equilibrium with the omphacite, garnet, rutile, and apatite,but petrofabric evidence suggests that it crystallized somewhatlater. The petrogenesis of this rock is discussed in terms oftwo alternative hypotheses, namely of partly magmatic or ofstrictly metamorphic origin, but no definite conclusion canbe reached from the evidence available. The types of amphibole found in eclogites and their nomenclatureare reviewed.  相似文献   

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