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1.
中太平洋YJC海山富钴结壳矿物组成与元素地球化学   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
初凤友  胡大千  姚杰 《世界地质》2006,25(3):245-253
运用等离子光谱、等离子质谱、X射线衍射、红外光谱和场发射电镜等分析测试方法,对太平洋威克(Wake)海岭YJC海山中的富钴结壳中不同构造层的矿物组成和元素地球化学研究表明:矿石矿物是水羟锰矿和少量的钙锰矿,脉石矿物是磷灰石、石英和方解石等,微量矿物有蒙脱石、高岭石、钠沸石、斜发沸石、伊利石、水黑云母、磁铁矿和角闪石等。老结壳磷灰石的质量分数>10%,P>1%;新结壳磷灰石<10%,P<1%。老结壳相对富集Cu、Ca、P等元素,新结壳相对富集TMn、TFe、Co、Ni、Ba、Zn、Pb、Mo等元素。结壳内部纹层构造的不同位置及包体内的微区成分变化较大,TMn和TFe呈同消长关系,但TMn/TFe值相对稳定。结壳的稀土元素总量为1761.88×10-6,Ce具明显的正异常。老结壳相对富集稀土元素,新结壳略富Eu。  相似文献   

2.
中太平洋YJB海山富钴结核矿物组成与元素地球化学   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
研究样品采自马尔库斯(MARCUS)海脊YJB海山。利用等离子光谱、等离子质谱、X射线衍射、红外光谱、场发射电镜等分析测试方法,对其富钴结核中不同构造层的矿物组成和元素地球化学研究表明: 该球状结核核部是玄武岩,向外具四层构造。矿石矿物为水羟锰矿和少量的钙锰矿,脉石矿物为磷灰石、石英、斜长石等,微量矿物有蒙脱石、高岭石、钠沸石、方英石、辉石、束沸石等。老结核相对富TMn、Cu、Ca、P等元素,新结核相对富集TFe、Co、Ni、Si、Al等元素。在老、新结核中,从下部构造层到上部构造层,TMn、Co、Ni、Cu、Ba、Zn、Pb、Mo等的质量分数逐渐减少,TFe逐渐增加。核内玄武岩属大洋板内玄武岩,其成因可能与地幔柱有关。结核的稀土元素总量是1 924.07×10-6,Ce具明显的正异常。在老、新结核不同构造层中,Ce的演化趋势同TMn等元素,其他稀土元素与Fe等相似。  相似文献   

3.
铁锰结壳中底层洋流活动的地球化学研究   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
韩杰  武光海  叶瑛  邬黛黛 《矿床地质》2006,25(5):620-628
文章以大洋海山铁锰结壳与南极底层流(AABW)之间关系的角度,从铁锰结壳的结构构造、矿物组合,特别是结壳新壳层的Ce异常和Ce/La比值的区域分布来探讨AABW的活动在铁锰结壳中留下的证据。主要对中太平洋和西北太平洋5座海山的17个铁锰结壳新壳层样品进行了结构构造分析和REE含量测定。结果表明,铁锰结壳的REE含量很高,平均为1716.66×10-6,且轻稀土元素明显富集,LREE/HREE平均值为4.82,除MID06样品具微弱的Ce负异常外,其他铁锰结壳样品均具明显的Ce正异常。为了对比研究AABW的影响,除铁锰结壳外,还引用了不同区域的多金属结核的稀土元素平均值资料按不同区域进行了对比研究,结果发现,AABW活动区和非活动区的δCe值和Ce/La比值有显著差异。一般来说,沿AABW流路,从南向北,δCe值和Ce/La比值有逐渐减小的趋势,但在局部地区,如地形复杂的海山区,AABW的强度会发生变化,其Ce正异常和Ce/La比值可能会局部增大。本项研究成果将有助于全面认识大洋成矿作用与海洋环境变迁的内在联系。  相似文献   

4.
西太平洋海山富钴结壳稀土元素(REE)组成原位LA-ICPMS测定   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
利用激光剥蚀电感耦合等离子体质谱(LA-ICPMS)微区原位分析方法,对采自西太平洋海山具完整三层结构的富钴结壳样品进行了稀土元素(REE)含量测定,结果表明, 虽然均产于西太平洋海山且均具有明显的三层结构,富钴结壳化学组成受地理位置和沉积环境影响很大。绝大多数西太平洋富钴结壳具有高ΣREE、高LREE/HREE、δCe正异常和δEu基本无异常或微弱正异常的特点, 显示它们主要由正常海水沉积形成。结壳不同层圈之间REE组成有较大的区别, 其原因主要在于其形成环境和矿物组成不同。样品0327稀土元素总量(∑REE)由亮煤层到疏松层到外层逐渐升高,且亮煤层δCe和Y/Ho变化非常大,最大值分别为38.61和105.5,显示该层生长环境较为氧化且相对动荡,而样品0346中三层结构的∑REE都非常高,且变化趋势与0327正好相反,从亮煤层到致密层∑REE有降低的趋势。 亮煤层形成时海水相对较氧化的环境有利于铁锰氧化物的形成和Ce4+等稀土元素的吸附,导致其中ΣREE较疏松层和外层为高,而后期磷酸盐化导致REE元素的迁移和亏损。在结壳生长剖面上,由最外层到疏松层和亮煤层,δCe呈明显上升趋势,且变化范围趋大,说明该结壳所处的海水环境在由老至新的生长过程中由相对动荡和氧化变为相对平静和还原。  相似文献   

5.
麦哲伦海山区MA,MC海山富钴结壳元素间关系及成因意义   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
为探讨富钴结壳中元素的成因,采用了化学容量法、原子吸收、X-射线衍射分析、电子探针、等离子光谱等技术,对太平洋麦哲伦海山区曲MA海山、MC海山上的富钴结壳分老世代和年青世代层进行了矿物成分与元素万分分析。据分析结果,区内主要赋存水成富钴结壳,富钴结壳中的矿物组分以锰相矿物的水羟锰矿为主,其次为铁相矿物(针铁矿等),还有磷灰石和少量次要矿物(钙十字石、石英等)。老世代富钴结壳,磷酸盐化明显,个别层内  相似文献   

6.
为了解东菲律宾海新型铁锰结壳中元素的赋存状态, 采用化学提取方法对3个结壳样品进行了物相分析.不同类型结壳中成矿和稀土元素的赋存状态总体一致, 表明它们形成于相近的地质和海洋环境中.成矿元素中的Fe和Cu绝大部分赋存在残渣态中, Mn、Co和Ni则主要赋存在锰氧化物结合态、有机结合态和残渣态中, 并且埋藏型结壳样品锰氧化物结合态中赋存了相对更高比例的成矿元素.三价稀土元素主要集中在锰氧化物结合态中.两个沉积物表层结壳样品中的Ce主要集中在残渣态中.而埋藏型结壳样品中的Ce则主要赋存在锰氧化物结合态中, 这可能与该样品此相态中赋存了相对较多的Mn有关.呈碳酸盐结合态和有机结合态的稀土元素含量仅各占稀土总量的1%左右, 表明两者对结壳中稀土元素的富集作用很小.   相似文献   

7.
大洋锰结核(壳)中南极底流活动的矿物学与地球化学记录   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
总结了大洋锰结核(壳)的形态、构造、矿物组合、元素富集特点,以及区域分布和南极底流活动的关系,采用ICP-MS测试手段对中太平洋海山区17个锰结壳样品和1个基岩样品的稀土元素进行测试,结果表明,富钴结壳的REE含量很高,平均为1716.66×10-6,轻稀土明显富集,LREE/HREE平均为4.82,锰结壳样品中除MID06样品有轻微的Ce负异常外,其余样品均具明显的Ce正异常,基岩MKD01呈明显的Ce负异常。不同区域锰结核(壳)中稀土元素的对比研究表明,南极底流活动区和非活动区Ce/La值有显著差异,但不能通过Ce/La值确定底流的迁移路径。这一成果将有助于全面认识大洋成矿作用与海洋环境变迁的内在联系。  相似文献   

8.
多金属结核和富钴结壳是大洋两类典型的铁锰产物。为探讨不同海区多金属结核和富钴结壳之间稀土元素特点及其揭示的地质意义,利用近年中国在太平洋获取的样品进行对比,采用ICP-AES对稀土元素测试。结果表明,结壳具有正Ce异常明显、LREE富集、∑REE高的特点,而结核表现为HREE相对富集、∑REE相对较低,因成因类型不同,Ce异常或表现为正异常、负异常或异常不明显。结核形成后受到成岩作用的影响,而结壳则为水成作用形成;结核和结壳中REE的存在形式比较复杂,不同海区各不相同,中太平洋东部产出的结壳和位于东太平洋的结核中REE可能主要赋存于铁矿物相,而西太平洋结壳REE可能主要赋存于锰矿物相;结核和结壳REE可能分别来自海水和海山蚀变玄武岩,热液作用影响有限。  相似文献   

9.
冯东  陈多福 《现代地质》2008,22(3):390-396
黑海西北部罗马尼亚大陆架(水深120m)和乌克兰陆坡(水深190m)发育冷泉碳酸盐岩结壳。XRD测试表明此结壳主要由高镁方解石和文石组成。结壳中与渗漏系统微生物活动有关的凝块和葡萄状文石等特殊的沉积组构非常发育。冷泉碳酸盐岩酸可溶部分(碳酸盐岩相矿物)的稀土元素含量很低(0.068×10-6~2.817×10-6),稀土元素页岩标准化配分模式显示罗马尼亚大陆架冷泉碳酸盐岩具有明显的Ce负异常,乌克兰陆坡冷泉碳酸盐岩具Ce的正异常,表明它们是分别在氧化和还原环境中沉积的。稀土元素和V、Cd和U等微量元素的含量在泥晶中最高,亮晶中最低,可能反映成岩过程对元素含量有控制作用。  相似文献   

10.
黔北务正道地区铝土矿稀土元素地球化学特征   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
选取新模向斜的一个钻孔剖面,对铝土矿的矿物组成及稀土元素地球化学特征进行了研究。铝土矿矿石矿物以一水硬铝石为主,另有少量一水软铝石。其次为高岭石、绿泥石等黏土矿物,以及少量重矿物。此外,在含矿岩系近底部还发现有富集Ce元素的矿物氟菱钙铈矿[Ce2Ca(CO3)3F2]。从剖面顶部至底部,铝土矿中稀土元素含量呈逐渐增加的趋势,且稀土元素参数LaN/YbN、LaN/SmN和GdN/YbN的数值均随深度逐渐增大。说明从剖面顶部至底部,稀土元素的淋滤迁出逐渐减弱,且稀土元素间存在一定的分异。稀土元素间的分异可能由不同的含稀土元素矿物抗风化淋滤差异所致。铝土矿稀土元素配分模式表现为LREE明显富集、MREE中等-弱富集、HREE相对平坦的特征,且具有明显的正Ce异常。δCe异常值随深度增加逐渐减小,接近含矿岩系底部,δCe异常值再次增大。含矿岩系上部的Ce异常是由氧化条件下Ce3+向Ce4+转变并形成方铈矿(CeO2)所致。随着深度的增加,含矿岩系的氧化性逐渐减弱,从而δCe异常值逐渐减小。接近含矿岩系底部,由于氟菱钙铈矿[Ce2Ca(CO3)3F2]的形成,导致δCe异常值再次增大。氟菱钙铈矿的沉淀可通过氟化物络合物(CeF2+或CeCO3F0)与Ca2+和HCO3-发生反应来完成。  相似文献   

11.
贵州省松桃县道坨超大型锰矿床的发现及其成因探讨   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
贵州省松桃县道坨锰矿床是新发现的一个超大型全隐伏锰碳酸盐矿床。文章阐述了该矿床的发现概况及基本的地质和地球化学特征,并应用锰矿石和含锰黑色页岩的元素和碳同位素地球化学特征对菱锰矿的形成机制提出了制约。道坨超大型锰矿床的发现是填图及对区域地质资料综合分析的结果。该矿床具有品位高、厚度大、呈层性好及展布广等特点。其锰矿石的主量元素特征为Al2O3、TiO2、Fe2O3含量较低,P2O5中等程度富集,MnO、MgO含量相对较高,Fe/Mn比值低。在微量元素方面,锰矿石显示出较为明显的Co富集,含锰黑色页岩则显示出较为明显的Co、Mo富集;在稀土元素方面,锰矿石具有较高的稀土元素总量,轻微的"帽式"稀土元素PAAS标准化配分模式及明显的Ce正异常,含锰黑色页岩的稀土元素总量与PAAS接近,其稀土元素PAAS标准化配分模式较为平坦,无Ce异常。碳同位素测试结果显示出菱锰矿富集碳的轻同位素,表明在菱锰矿形成过程中存在有机碳的参与。文章表明,道坨锰矿床内的锰是以氧化物或氢氧化物的形式沉淀,菱锰矿是在缺氧且富含有机物质的成岩环境中转化而成。  相似文献   

12.
大洋磷酸盐化作用对富钴结壳元素富集的影响   总被引:23,自引:2,他引:23  
中国首次对与大洋富钴结壳密切相关的磷酸盐化作用进行了研究。对取自西太平洋麦哲伦海山区一厚度为 10cm的富钴结壳样品 ,自顶至底以 5mm间距采取了 2 0个分层样品进行了成矿元素和稀土元素分析。结果表明 ,未被磷酸盐化的新结壳和磷酸盐化的老结壳间主要成矿元素的含量相差显著。老结壳中Fe、Mn、Si、Al、Zn、Mg、Co、Ni、Cu元素亏损 ,亏损次序为Co >Ni>Mg >Al>Mn >Si>Cu >Zn >Fe;而Ca、P、Sr、Ba、Pb元素含量增加 ,富集次序为P >Ca >Ba >Pb >Sr。研究认为 ,结壳中磷酸盐化作用的强弱制约着富钴结壳成矿元素含量的变化 ,磷酸盐化作用是造成老结壳中主要成矿元素Co、Ni等贫化流失的根本原因。研究还表明 ,磷酸盐化作用对富钴结壳的稀土元素丰度也产生一定影响 ,使老结壳的稀土总量和Ce含量高于新结壳 ,但未显著改变其稀土配分模式和分馏特征。研究证实 ,老结壳的Y正异常与磷酸盐化作用无关。磷酸盐化作用的研究为富钴结壳矿产资源的评价和综合利用提供了有用信息。  相似文献   

13.
The Godar Sabz Mn deposit is located in the Nain-Baft ophiolitic belt in the northeast margin of the Sanandaj-Sirjan zone, Iran. The Nain-Baft back-arc extensional basin resulted from the subduction of the oceanic crust of Neo-Tethys under the southern margin of the Iranian Plate in the Early Cretaceous and hosts several mineral deposits, including volcanogenic massive sulfide, chromite, and Mn deposits. The mineralization in the Godar Sabz Mn deposit occurred predominantly as stratabound, massive, banded, layered, and lenticular orebodies in radiolarian cherts within Baft ophiolitic complex. The main ore minerals are pyrolusite, braunite, with minor amounts of todorokite. The significant geochemical features of the Godar Sabz ores, such as the high MnO content (21.82–80.65 wt%, average = 64.91 wt%), high Mn/Fe (average = 278), Si/Al ratios (average = 92.6), high Ba contents (average = 4495.6 ppm), the low average contents of Cu (81.8 ppm), Ni (106.2 ppm), Co (29.4 ppm), LREE > HREE, and trace element discrimination diagrams indicate a hydrothermal-exhalative source for mineralization. Chondrite-normalized REE patterns of studied ores have negative Ce and slightly positive Eu anomalies, which are similar to hydrothermal Mn deposits. The REE patterns of Mn ores coincide with basaltic lavas, suggesting that the Mn-mineralization in the Godar Sabz deposit was genetically related to the leaching of basaltic lavas. The Godar Sabz Mn deposit has many similarities with the main characteristics of the hydrothermal exhalative Mn deposits, including tectonic setting, host rock type, the morphology of orebodies, ore textures, mineralogy, and chemical features of ores.  相似文献   

14.
The rare earth elements(REE) composition of the polymetallic crusts and nodules obtained from the South China Sea(SCS) were analyzed through inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry.Results revealed great differences in the REE abundances(∑REE) of the SCS polymetallic crusts and nodules; the crusts show the highest ∑REE, whereas the nodules exhibit the lowest ∑REE. The similarity in their NASC-normalized patterns, the enriched light REE(LREE), the markedly positive Ce anomaly(δCe), and the non-or weakly positive Eu anomaly(δEu), suggest that the polymetallic crusts and nodules are of hydrogenetic origin. Moreover, the REE contents and their relevant parameters are quite different among the various layers of the crusts and nodules, which probably results from the different marginal sea environments and mineral assemblages of the samples. The growth profiles of the SCS polymetallic crusts and nodules reveal the tendency ∑REE and δCe to slightly increase from the outer to the inner layers, suggesting that the growth environments of these samples changed smoothly from an oxidizing to a relatively reducing environment; in addition, the crust ST1 may have experienced a regressive event(sea-level change) during its growth, although the REE composition of the seawater remained relatively stable. On the basis of the regional ∑REE distribution in the SCS crusts and nodules,the samples collected near the northern margin were influenced by terrigenous material more strongly compared with the other samples, and the REE contents are relatively low. Therefore, the special geotectonic environment is a significant factor influencing the abundance of elements, including REE and other trace elements. Compared with the oceanic seamount crusts and deep-sea nodules from other oceans,the SCS polymetallic crusts and nodules exhibit special REE compositions and shale-normalized patterns, implying that the samples are of marginal sea-type Fe-Mn sedimentary deposits, which are strongly affected by the epicontinental environment, and that they grew in a more oxidative seawater environment. This analysis indicates that the oxidized seawater environment and the special nano property of their Fe-Mn minerals enrich the REE adsorption.  相似文献   

15.
Morphology and mineralogical and geochemical compositions of freshwater ferromanganese nodules of Ol’khon Island (Sasa Formation) and Kulunda Plain (Lake Porozhnee) were studied. The study has shown rhythmic structures of the nodules, formed by macro- and microlayers with mineralized microflora. The layers are composed of either crystalline Mn mineral phases and finely dispersed Fe phases (Lake Porozhnee) or, on the contrary, crystalline goethite and X-ray amorphous Mn phases (Ol’khon Island). Separation of Mn and Fe mineral phases in the nodules proceeded during their formation and diagenesis. The freshwater nodules show both high (Lake Porozhnee) and low (Ol’khon Island) Mn/Fe ratios. The predominance of Fe phase in the Ol’khon nodules accounts for their high contents of REE, including Ce. The Porozhnee nodules grew, most likely, more rapidly, which is reflected in their low REE contents and Ce anomaly. The examined chemical and mineral compositions, textures, and structures of the nodules testify to the low-temperature hydrothermal source of their ore substance.  相似文献   

16.
Rare earth elements in phosphate-ferromanganese crusts on Pacific seamounts   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
Based on publications devoted to the composition of P-rich ferromanganese crusts on Pacific seamounts, relationships between the REE distribution in the crusts and the contents of phosphates and Fe-Mn hydroxides therein are considered. It is shown that REEs in the crusts are related to all three mineral phases and their contents are variable. In general, the REEs show weak correlations with P, Mn, and Fe in different varieties of ore crust. Average REE contents are comparable in samples with the maximal and minimal phosphorus contents, suggesting irregularity of REE distribution in the phosphates and ferromanganese phases. This fact is consistent with data on the presence of natural REE minerals in the phosphates.  相似文献   

17.
肖依  周汉文  刘爱民  吴琪 《沉积学报》2011,29(6):1145-1155
秦皇岛地区位于华北地台东北缘,该区奥陶系亮甲山组和马家沟组主要由细晶白云质灰岩、细晶白云岩、豹皮状灰岩、砾屑灰岩组成,灰岩中普遍含有结核状、条带状和团块状硅质岩。XRD分析显示硅质岩主要矿物成分为石英、方解石和少量白云石,硅质岩显微镜下为蠕虫状、球状、针状玉髓集合体,个别样品可见交代结构。硅质岩贫Mn、Fe,Mn/Ti...  相似文献   

18.
Tungsten minerals (scheelite and wolframite) from two genetic types of granitoids show significant differences in REE distribution, probably due to different material sources and origins. Tungsten minerals in granite porphyry of the crust-mantle source are relatively high in ΣREE(1884ppm on average). Σ Ce is rich relative to Σ Y and Σ Ce/ΣY is relatively high (>1). The chondrite-normalized REE distribution patterns are characterized by a group of rightward-inclined curves. Tungsten minerals in quartz veins intruding the granites of crust origin have lower ΣREE (335 ppm on average). ΣY is rich relative to ΣCe and ΣCe/ΣY is relatively low (<1). The chondrite-normalized REE distribution patterns are characterized by a group of leftward-inclined curves. So the REE distribution patterns can be used to discriminate the sources of rock-and ore-forming materials and the genetic types of W deposits so as to provide clues to ore prospecting.  相似文献   

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