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云南省澜沧县地处临沧花岗岩的中南段，在其境内发现多地与花岗岩风化壳有关的离子吸附型稀土矿床。文章通过对该区晚三叠世黑云母二长花岗岩风化壳全风化层的剖面及钻孔样品分析，对赋存于花岗岩风化壳离子吸附型稀土矿床的成矿地质地球化学特征进行研究，探讨其关键成矿过程并总结地形地貌与风化壳和矿体露头的关系。研究表明，黑云母二长花岗岩风化壳分层特征明显，离子吸附型稀土矿体规模及形态严格受风化壳发育程度及微地貌控制；花岗岩风化壳全风化层稀土元素配分曲线呈右倾平滑的浅“W”型，轻稀土元素的分异程度强于重稀土元素；除Ce元素外，轻稀土元素的浸出率略高于重稀土元素；矿石类型为以轻稀土元素为主、中重稀土元素配分齐全的混合型稀土矿。通过厘定离子吸附型稀土矿床的关键成矿过程，文章发现内应力、渗透能力、风化程度、黏土矿物含量在风化壳剖面中由上至下变化特征综合决定了稀土矿体主要定位于风化壳全风化层。 相似文献
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微生物修复石油污染地下水的实验研究 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
为修复陕北黄土区石油污染地下水,采用优化土著微生物菌群的生物技术,进行了地下水中石油的降解与修复实验研究。在实验装置内加入了1.5%的优化菌群制剂,优化出的菌群初步鉴定主要有:假单胞菌属、微球菌属、放线菌属、真菌类的青霉属和曲霉属等。实验结果显示,在实验装置中人为添加石油含量为182.5 mg/l、862.5 mg/l、1695.0 mg/l时,经过28~37 d的微生物修复,地下水中石油的降解率为27.47%~92.46%,而无菌对照中的石油含量变化在5%以内,说明在无菌条件下地下水中石油降解缓慢。该实验过程验证了微生物修复技术在地下水石油污染修复中的有效性,探索了应用的可行性。 相似文献
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滇西陇川地区广泛分布着白垩纪至古近纪中酸性花岗岩,以邦棍尖山为代表的岩体花岗岩稀土含量较高,经复杂的风化淋滤作用,岩体中的稀土元素在风化壳中迁移、富集成矿,陇川营盘山稀土矿即为近年新发现的该类型矿产地之一。为研究新发现的营盘山稀土矿稀土元素分布特征、富集规律及稀土配分特征,利用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(ICP-MS)分析成矿母岩及其风化壳不同风化程度样品稀土分量,结果表明:风化壳各层位稀土元素分布特征相比母岩具有明显的继承性,随风化程度升高,轻重稀土分馏程度升高,轻稀土在全风化层上部相对富集,且随风化程度升高轻稀土富集程度升高,而重稀土的富集程度则逐渐减弱,Gd是风化壳富集能力最强的元素,Dy富集能力最弱,Ce富集在近地表,重稀土具有更强的向下迁移能力。同时,研究发现该稀土矿床的稀土配分特征为低钇、铕,富镧、铈、钕。 相似文献
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华南离子吸附型稀土矿床提供了全球超过90%的重稀土,是我国优势的战略性关键金属矿产资源。掌握这类矿床的成矿机制和禀赋特征,可为增加稀土资源储量和高效利用稀土资源提供理论支撑。离子吸附型稀土矿床主要发育在富稀土花岗岩、浅变质岩及火山岩的风化壳中。基岩中的(含)稀土矿物是风化壳中离子态稀土的主要来源,其矿物组合很大程度上决定了稀土矿床的禀赋和分异特征。在物理-化学风化和微生物作用下,造岩矿物、含稀土矿物和稀土独立矿物逐渐溶解,使稀土元素活化和再富集。一方面,母岩风化形成的黏土矿物和铁锰氧化物具有较大的比表面积和一定的表面电荷密度,是稀土离子的主要载体;另一方面,稀土离子通过离子交换、表面吸附与络合、共沉淀,以及形成次生稀土矿物等途径富集在次生矿物表面,其富集-分异特征和赋存状态受矿物类型、pH、微生物活动等因素所控制。利用高分辨透射电镜结合选区电子衍射和电子能量损失谱,以及同步辐射X射线吸收精细结构谱,有望在原子级尺度查明稀土的微观赋存状态。未来研究需更多关注基岩中(含)稀土矿物组合及其演化路径的制约因素、微生物风化对离子吸附型稀土矿床成矿作用的约束,以及稀土元素的微观赋存状态等问题。 相似文献
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惠东地区位于广东东南部,燕山期花岗岩较为发育,在温润潮湿的气候条件下,花岗岩在地表易发生风化作用,稀土元素以离子形式淋滤至风化壳下部并吸附在矿物粘土表面,当稀土到具有开采价值的品位时,便形成离子吸附型稀土矿床。前人对该矿床形成岩体地质和地球化学特征等方面进行广泛的讨论（岳书仓等,1989;陈炳辉等,1995）,相对于成矿岩体,该区风化壳地球化学特征研究较显薄弱。本文在分析风化壳中元素地球化学特征的基础上,探讨稀土元素富集与CIA（Chemical Index of Alteration）及WIG（Weathering Index of Granite）值之间的关系,同时通过分析稀土元素质量迁移系数,讨论轻重稀土元素迁出程度与深度之间相关性,旨在阐明风化壳剖面中稀土元素迁出迁入规律和分布位置,为进一步研究该类型矿床稀土富集特征提供一定依据。 相似文献
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云南盈江地区广泛分布三叠纪至古近纪等各个时代的酸性侵入岩,岩体中稀土元素丰度较高(ΣREE=117. 92×10~(-6)～645. 24×10~(-6)),风化壳发育广泛,具有较好的找寻离子吸附型稀土矿的前景。利用原岩岩石地球化学、矿体稀土总量、稀土元素浸出率等手段,得知该地区稀土矿含矿原岩为中粗粒二长花岗岩,并多位于其全风化层下部和半风化层上部,负铕异常明显(δEu=0. 24～0. 42),轻稀土较重,稀土分馏明显(LREE/HREE=7. 67～17. 70,LaN/YbN=9. 66～40. 19),或起源于深源,经部分熔融、分离结晶成;离子型稀土元素占比差异巨大,从半风化层底部的4. 69%变化至上部全风化层的73. 33%,浸出可利用稀土元素以镧钕为主。本文认为盈江地区南部多为低钇富镧钕轻稀土型稀土矿,北部为中钇轻稀土型稀土矿,并呈现出南部稀土总量高于北部、向北有重稀土元素富集的趋势。未来在盈江北东部拉排一带具有较大的找寻重稀土矿的潜力。 相似文献
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最近,在广东潮州市登塘境内发现花岗岩风化壳离子吸附型稀土矿床。矿床产于葫芦田岩体东部边缘相中粒黑云母花岗岩风化壳内。该岩体为燕山晚期第二次侵入体,花岗岩主要由钾长石、石英、斜长石及黑云母等组成。岩体中稀土元素丰度较高。 矿区风化壳颇为发育,其厚度超过15m,含矿层厚达8m以上。稀土主要富集于风化壳中下部全风化层内。矿体的稀土配分研究表明,铈族氧化物占稀土总量的63.83％,属以轻稀土为主的离子吸附型矿床。 相似文献
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Emily Keeble David I. Whiteside Michael J. Benton 《Proceedings of the Geologists' Association. Geologists' Association》2018,129(2):99-119
Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco. 相似文献
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Gilles Serge Odin 《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2002,334(6):409-414
Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414. 相似文献
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The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H2O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H2O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species. 相似文献
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Emmanuel Skourtsos Daniel Vachard Alexandra Zambetakis-Lekkas Rossana Martini Louisette Zaninetti 《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2002,334(12):925-931
Some olistolites reworked in a Tertiary flysch of Mount Parnon (Peloponnesus, Greece) exhibit a Late Permian assemblage, dominated by Paradunbarula (Shindella) shindensis, Hemigordiopsis cf. luquensis and Colaniella aff. minima. This association corresponds to the Late Wuchiapingian (=Late Dzhulfian), a substage whose algae and foraminifera are generally little known. Contemporaneous limestones crop out in the middle part of the Episkopi Formation in Hydra, but they are rather commonly reworked in Mesozoic and Cainozoic sequences. The palaeobiogeographical affinities shared by the foraminiferal markers of Greece, southeastern Pamir, and southern China, are very strong (up to the specific level), and are congruent with the Pangea B reconstructions. To cite this article: E. Skourtsos et al., C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 925–931. 相似文献
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正20141596 Liu Yunhuan(School of Earth Sciences and Resources,Chang’an University,Xi’an 710054,China);Shao Tiequan Early Cambrian Quadrapyrgites Fossils of Xixiang Boita in Southern Shaanxi Province(Journal of Earth Sciences and Environment,ISSN1672-6561,CN61-1423/P,35(3),2013,p.39-43,3 illus.,20 refs.) 相似文献
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正20141719 Chen Zhijun(State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources,China University of Geosciences,Wuhan 430074,China);Chen Jianguo Automated Batch Mapping Solution for Serial Maps:A Case Study of Exploration Geochemistry Maps(Journal of Geology,ISSN1674-3636,CN32-1796/P,37(3),2013,p.456-464,2 illus.,2 tables,10 refs.) 相似文献
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正20140962 Chen Fenning(Xi’an Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources,Xi’an710054,China);Chen Ruiming Late Miocene-Early Pleistocene Ostracoda Fauna of Gyirong Basin,Southern Tibet(Acta Geologica Sinica,ISSN0001-5717,CN11-1951/P,87(6),2013,p.872-886,6illus.,56refs.) 相似文献
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正1.IGNEOUS PETROLOGY20142008Cai Jinhui(Wuhan Center,China Geological Survey,Wuhan 430205,China);Liu Wei Zircon U-Pb Geochronology and Mineralization Significance of Granodiorites from Fuzichong Pb-Zn Deposit,Guangxi,South China(Geology and Mineral Resources of South China,ISSN1007-3701,CN42-1417/P,29(4),2013,p.271-281,7illus., 相似文献
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正20141205Cheng Weiming(State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System,Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,CAS,Beijing 100101,China);Xia Yao Regional Hazard Assessment of Disaster Environment for Debris Flows:Taking Jundu Mountain,Beijing as an 相似文献