共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
《地理信息系统科学与遥感》2013,50(4):538-557
This paper describes an initial assessment of human-induced nighttime lights acquired by the Defence Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) Operational Linescan System (OLS) with respect to its applicability in monitoring settlement patterns, population, electricity consumption, gross domestic product (GDP), and carbon dioxide emissions at different spatial levels in the Republic of Kazakhstan. The results revealed the suitability of DMSP-OLS data to detect both urban expansion and contraction over last two decades caused by the new economic situation following the independence of Kazakhstan in 1991. Relationships between DMSP-OLS urban lit area and the socioeconomic parameters were quantified. The DMSP-OLS data proved to be an effective tool in the monitoring of both the spatial and temporal variability of the examined socioeconomic parameters. 相似文献
2.
Intercity lighting data are an important resource for studying spatial and temporal patterns in regional urban development as an indicator of the intensity of urban social and economic activity. Understanding the evolutionary characteristics of the spatial pattern of regional economic development can support decision-making in regional economic coordination and sustainable development strategies. Based on a long time series of nighttime lighting data from 1992 to 2020, this study used the Theil index, Markoff transfer matrix, spatial autocorrelation, and spatial regression to analyze spatiotemporal evolutionary characteristics and drivers of urban economic development in China. The study found that from 1992 to 2020, China's economic development hot spots have been concentrated in highly developed urban agglomerations namely the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region, Shandong Peninsula, Yangtze River Delta, and Pearl River Delta. Cold spots were mainly concentrated in the central-west and southwest of the country. The economic growth rate shows an opposite spatial pattern, which demonstrates the effectiveness of the national coordinated development strategy for regions. The Theil index for urban economic development in China shows an overall downward trend, and the overall economic disparity is mainly due to the relatively low economic development of Tibet, Xinjiang, Gansu, and other western provinces. Therefore, regional economic development remains significantly uneven. In China, the economic type of cities is relatively stable, and the probability of leapfrogging types is low; however, the level of cities with high resource dependence or a single economic structure easily downgrades. The level of economic development and the related socioeconomic factors of neighboring cities influence an obvious spatial spillover effect in the development of urban economies in China. The pattern of China's urban economic development is mainly affected by innovation capacity, financial support, capital investment, transportation infrastructure, and industrial structure. 相似文献
3.
分析福建省区域经济发展的差异,对提高经济发展水平具有重要意义。本文以福建省9个地市为研究单元,以2003—2017年人均GDP为基础数据,采用ArcGIS10.1和Geoda软件进行区域经济发展差异研究。通过计算和分析各市人均GDP的空间自相关系数Moran’s I和变异系数C.V,福建省各地市与其自身相邻近的地市之间存在着正空间自相关关系,并且福建省区域经济发展差异在增大。GIS技术用于分析区域经济空间差异性具有自身的优势,已成为区域经济研究领域的方向和趋势之一。 相似文献
4.
5.
我国的工业化发展严重依赖于煤炭、钢铁、电力、交通等传统污染性产业,这类产业高能耗、高污染的特性造成了严重的环境污染问题。东北地区是我国重要的重化工产业基地及主要粮食产业产区,其生态环境,特别是空气质量备受关注。本文利用点格图对2015年中国东北地区的空气质量时空分布情况进行了可视化表达。在利用日历视图可视化表达空气质量指数级别及首要污染物信息的基础上,还加入了地理参考信息。空气质量点格图为理解和分析东北地区的空气质量现状及其时空分布模式提供了面向大众的、直观有效的方法。利用该方法对空气质量进行分析,有助于辨别空气污染的主要问题、提高公众的环境保护意识,以及制定切实有效的遏制空气污染的政策法规。 相似文献
6.
由美国国防气象卫星搭载的可见光成像线性扫描业务系统(DMSP/OLS)和国家极轨卫星搭载的可见光近红外成像辐射仪(NPP/VIIRS)获取的夜间灯光影像是监测人类社会经济活动和自然现象(如林火、油气燃烧等)的主要数据源。然而,现有的夜间灯光数据存在缺乏星上的辐射定标、像元饱和、时间尺度不连续、多源夜间灯光影像辐射不一致等问题。基于此,本文以中巴经济走廊区域为研究区,提出了一种基于线性拟合提取不变目标区域的方法,实现了DMSP/OLS影像间、DMSP/OLS与NPP/VIIRS两种数据间的相互校正。然后对中巴经济走廊的校正结果在不同空间尺度上选用区域灰度总量、标准化差异指数以及标准化差异指数和作为评价指标进行检验。结果表明:两种校正模型的拟合优度均在0.78以上,校正后的DMSP/OLS影像灰度总量与GDP和人口数据的相关性显著提高(GDP:R~2=0.7689;人口:R~2=0.9033),且标准化差异指数明显降低;NPP/VIIRS影像经过与DMSP/OLS互校正后在辐射亮度、时空分布上与DMSP/OLS更加一致,空间细节信息更加突出,从而增强了多源夜间灯光影像的一致性,更加适合用于长时间序列社会经济要素发展趋势的分析。 相似文献
7.
The electric vehicle industry is essential for China's economic transformation and industrial upgrading. Identifying the distribution of electric vehicle sales and service shops is of great significance to boost the development of retail geography theory and promote the optimization of industrial space. Regression and spatial econometric methods analyze the influencing factors of electric vehicle sales and service shop distribution. According to the point of interest data of electric vehicle sales and service shops, taking 10 typical cities in China as an example, the spatial distribution of electric vehicle sales and service shops and its influencing factors are empirically explored by spatial econometric methods. The results indicate the following: (1) From high to low, the influence degree of spatial dependence factors are car license restriction policy, the average age of residents, number of schools, built-up area, the amount of investment in real estate, electric vehicle sales, and GDP; (2) On the whole, the spatial distribution of electric vehicle sales and service shops shows the characteristics of a multi-center circle-layered spatial structure that spreads from the inside to the outside; and (3) The spatial influencing factors such as electric vehicle sales, charging stations, permanent resident population, schools, and subway stations in the four first-tier cities is evident. 相似文献
8.
9.
Forecasting China’s GDP at the pixel level using nighttime lights time series and population images 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
China’s rapid economic development greatly affected not only the global economy but also the entire environment of the Earth. Forecasting China’s economic growth has become a popular and essential issue but at present, such forecasts are nearly all conducted at the national scale. In this study, we use nighttime light images and the gridded Landscan population dataset to disaggregate gross domestic product (GDP) reported at the province scale on a per pixel level for 2000–2013. Using the disaggregated GDP time series data and the statistical tool of Holt–Winters smoothing, we predict changes of GDP at each 1 km × 1 km grid area from 2014 to 2020 and then aggregate the pixel-level GDP to forecast economic growth in 23 major urban agglomerations of China. We elaborate and demonstrate that lit population (brightness of nighttime lights × population) is a better indicator than brightness of nighttime lights to estimate and disaggregate GDP. We also show that our forecast GDP has high agreement with the National Bureau of Statistics of China’s demographic data and the International Monetary Fund’s predictions. Finally, we display uncertainties and analyze potential errors of this disaggregation and forecast method. 相似文献
10.
Cash crop expansion has been a major land use change in tropical and subtropical regions worldwide. Quantifying the determinants of cash crop expansion should provide deeper spatial insights into the dynamics and ecological consequences of cash crop expansion. This paper investigated the process of cash crop expansion in Hangzhou region (China) from 1985 to 2009 using remotely sensed data. The corresponding determinants (neighborhood, physical, and proximity) and their relative effects during three periods (1985–1994, 1994–2003, and 2003–2009) were quantified by logistic regression modeling and variance partitioning. Results showed that the total area of cash crops increased from 58,874.1 ha in 1985 to 90,375.1 ha in 2009, with a net growth of 53.5%. Cash crops were more likely to grow in loam soils. Steep areas with higher elevation would experience less likelihood of cash crop expansion. A consistently higher probability of cash crop expansion was found on places with abundant farmland and forest cover in the three periods. Besides, distance to river and lake, distance to county center, and distance to provincial road were decisive determinants for farmers’ choice of cash crop plantation. Different categories of determinants and their combinations exerted different influences on cash crop expansion. The joint effects of neighborhood and proximity determinants were the strongest, and the unique effect of physical determinants decreased with time. Our study contributed to understanding of the proximate drivers of cash crop expansion in subtropical regions. 相似文献
11.
12.
基于Arc GIS平台并结合统计分析,研究了甘肃省人口分布、GDP及其相关关系。研究表明:甘肃省人口分布呈现东南高、西北低、人口密度向主要地级市倾斜的特点;甘肃省人均GDP分布表现为西高东低、甘肃省地均GDP呈向省会及地区主要城市聚集的状态;甘肃省经济发展严重不均衡,人口分布和经济发展差异逐年增大,经济发展潜力未被完全释放。 相似文献
13.
China has experienced rapid and massive urban expansion in recent decades. To address the opportunities and challenges posed by urbanization, it is important to investigate this process. Although many studies have characterized China’s urbanization, mainly based on individual cities or urban agglomerations, few studies have compared the urban expansion patterns among cities of different regions and sizes at a national scale. Additionally, the source of the newly developed urban land has largely been ignored in previous research. To fill these gaps, we provide a comprehensive view of the growth patterns of 291 Chinese cities during 1990–2015, quantifying the rates, spatial forms, and corresponding landscape characteristics of the urban expansion. More importantly, we further investigate what their new urban land is converted from. Key findings include: (1) the annual expansion (AE) and annual growth rate (AGR) of all 291 cities were 1869.81?km2 and 4.81% during 1990–2015; (2) cropland and rural settlements were the predominant source, accounting for 65.22% and 17.49% of the new urban land during 1990–2015; (3) edge-expansion was the dominant growth form for most cities, followed by infilling and leapfrogging growth; and (4) the landscape characteristics of the occupied cropland differed across various cities. 相似文献
14.
This paper aims to use spatial statistical tools to explore the reciprocal spatial–temporal effects of transport infrastructure and urban growth of Jeddah city, a fast developing polycentric city in Saudi Arabia. Global spatial autocorrelation (Moran's I) and local indicators of spatial association (LISA) are first used to analyze the spatial–temporal clustering of urban growth and transport infrastructure from 1980 to 2007. Then, spatial regression analysis is conducted to investigate the mutual spatial–temporal effects of urban growth and transport infrastructure. Results indicate a significant positive global spatial autocorrelation of all defined variables between 1980 and 2007. LISA results also reveal a constant significant spatial association of transport infrastructure expansion and urban growth variables from 1980 to 2007. The results not only indicate a mutual spatial influence of transport infrastructure and urban growth but also reveal that spatial clustering of transport infrastructure seems to be influenced by other factors. This study shows that transport infrastructure is a constant and strong spatial influencing factor of urban growth in the polycentric urban structure that Jeddah has. Overall, this study demonstrates that exploratory spatial data analysis and spatial regression analysis are able to detect the spatial–temporal mutual effects of transport infrastructure and urban growth. Further studies on the reciprocal relationship between urban growth and transport infrastructure using the study approach for the case of monocentric urban structure cities are necessary and encouraged. 相似文献
15.
基于Geoda 095i区域经济增长率的空间统计分析研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
空间统计分析的核心是认识与地理位置相关的数据间的空间依赖、空间关联或空间自相关,通过空间位置建立数据间的统计关系。本文利用空间分析的相关知识,通过对河南省各辖市2006年第一季度GDP增长速度及其相关因素的分析,发现该时期内河南省各辖市GDP增长率水平的空间分布并非表现出完全随机性,而是表现出空间相似值之间的空间聚集。基于对Moran散点图的分析和空间滞后回归模型的回归分析,得出空间统计分析对于分析区域经济发展的空间结构形态以及政策制定具有参考价值。 相似文献
16.
The defense meteorological satellite program (DMSP) operational linescan system (OLS) sensors have imaged emitted light from Earth's surface since the 1970s. Temporal overlap in the missions of 5 OLS sensors allows for intercalibration of the annual composites over the past 19 years (Elvidge et al., 2009). The resulting image time series captures a spatiotemporal signature of the growth and evolution of lighted human settlements and development. We use empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis and the temporal feature space to characterize and quantify patterns of temporal change in stable night light brightness and spatial extent since 1992. Temporal EOF analysis provides a statistical basis for representing spatially abundant temporal patterns in the image time series as uncorrelated vectors of brightness as a function of time from 1992 to 2009. The variance partition of the eigenvalue spectrum combined with temporal structure of the EOFs and spatial structure of the PCs provides a basis for distinguishing between deterministic multi-year trends and stochastic year-to-year variance. The low order EOFs and principal components (PC) space together discriminate both earlier (1990s) and later (2000s) increases and decreases in brightness. Inverse transformation of these low order dimensions reduces stochastic variance sufficiently so that tri-temporal composites depict potentially deterministic decadal trends. The most pronounced changes occur in Asia. At critical brightness threshold we find an 18% increase in the number of spatially distinct lights and an 80% increase in lighted area in southern and eastern Asia between 1992 and 2009. During this time both China and India experienced a ∼20% increase in number of lights and a ∼270% increase in lighted area – although the timing of the increase is later in China than in India. Throughout Asia a variety of different patterns of brightness increase are apparent in tri-temporal brightness composites – as well as some conspicuous areas of apparently decreasing background luminance and, in many places, intermittent light suggesting development of infrastructure rather than persistently lighted development. Vicarious validation using higher resolution Landsat imagery verifies multiple phases of urban growth in several cities as well as the consistent presence of low DN (<∼15) background luminance for many agricultural areas. Lights also allow us to quantify changes in the size distribution and connectedness of different intensities of development. Over a wide range of brightnesses, the size distributions of spatially contiguous lighted area are consistent with power laws with exponents near −1 as predicted by Zipf's Law for cities. However, the larger lighted segments are much larger than individual cities; they correspond to vast spatial networks of contiguous development (Small et al., 2011). 相似文献
17.
在人多地少的基本国情下,提高城市土地利用效率是促进区域可持续发展和建设生态文明的内在要求。本文在对2009-2016年长江经济带108个地级及以上城市土地利用效率的研究基础上,采用空间相关性研究方法分析了时空分布格局,通过构建空间杜宾模型(SDM)对其空间溢出效应进行分析。研究结果表明:1)2009-2016年长江经济带城市土地利用效率整体呈现稳定上升趋势;基本呈现以上海、南京、武汉等不同城市群中心城市向外逐步降低的“中心-外围”的分布格局。2)通过构建空间杜宾模型分析发现,经济发展水平、产业结构有显著为正的直接效应和溢出效应;土地市场化水平有显著为正的溢出效应;城市固定资产投资对城市土地利用效率具有正的直接效应和负的溢出效应;政府财政支出水平则对城市土地利用效率的直接效应和溢出效应均不明显。3)不同影响因素对经济带上中下游城市土地利用效率的空间效应存在一定差异性。 相似文献
18.
Crop acreage and its spatial distribution are a base for agriculture related works. Current research combining medium and low spatial resolution images focuses on data fusion and unmixing methods. The purpose of the former is to generate synthetic fine spatial resolution data instead of directly solving the problem. In the latter, high-resolution data is only used to provide endmembers and the result is usually an abundance map rather than the true spatial distribution data. To solve this problem, this paper designs a conceptual model which divides the study area into different types of pixels at a MODIS 250 m scale. Only three types of pixels contain winter wheat, i.e., pure winter wheat pixels (PA), the mixed pixels comprising winter wheat and other vegetation (MA) and the mixed pixels comprising winter wheat and other crops (MB). Different strategies are used in processing them. (1) Within the pure cultivated land pixels, the Kullback–Leibler (KL) divergence is employed to analyze the similarity between unknown pixels and the pure winter wheat samples on the temporal change characteristics of NDVI. Further PA is identified. (2) For MA, a proposed reverse unmixing method is firstly used to extract the temporal change information of cultivated land components, after which winter wheat is identified from the cultivated land components as previously described. (3) For MB which only appears on the border of PA, a mask is created by expanding the PA and temporal difference is utilized to identify winter wheat under the mask. Finally, these three results are integrated at a TM scale with the aid of 25 m resolution land use data. We applied the proposed solution and obtained a good result in the main agricultural area of the Yiluo River Basin. The identified winter wheat planting acreage is 161,050.00 hm2. The result is validated based on the five-hundred random validation points. Overall accuracy is 94.80% and Kappa coefficient is 0.85. This demonstrates that the temporal information reflecting crop growth is also an important indicator, and the KL divergence makes it more convenient in identifying winter wheat. This research provided a new perspective for the combination of low and medium spatial resolution remote sensing images. The proposed solution can also be effectively applied in other places and countries for the crop which has a clear temporal change characteristic that is different from others. 相似文献
19.
中国高分辨率对地观测系统重大专项建设进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
中国从"十一五"末实施高分辨率对地观测系统重大专项,全面建设具备高空间分辨率、高时间分辨率、高光谱分辨率和高精度观测能力的自主、先进的对地观测体系,加强和完善相关基础设施,构建稳定的运行系统,并积极满足中国资源环境、农业、防灾减灾等方面的重大战略需求,着力强化各行业和区域应用能力,促进高分辨率对地观测数据广泛应用,推动中国空间信息产业快速发展,为中国从航天大国迈向航天强国,有效适应经济发展新常态促进信息消费、扩大内需提供有力支撑。 相似文献
20.
Carbon tax has been advocated as an effective economic instrument for the abatement of CO2 emission by various countries, including China, the world’s biggest carbon emission country. However, carbon emission abatement cannot be done while ignoring the impact on economic growth. A delicate balance needs to be achieved between the two to find an appropriate pathway for sustainable development. This paper applies a multi-objective optimization approach to analyze the impact of levying carbon tax on the energy-intensive sectors of Guangdong province in China under the constraint of emission reduction target. This approach allows us to evaluate carbon emission minimization while maximizing GDP. For policy analysis, we construct five scenarios for evaluation and optimal choice. The results of the analysis show that a lower initial carbon tax rate is not necessarily better, and that a carbon tax is an effective means to reduce CO2 emissions while maintaining a certain level of GDP growth. 相似文献