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玻利维亚是矿物原料出口国，锡和钨的生产在世界上占重要地位。砂金矿的开采主要集中在拉巴斯省，砂金矿床星罗棋布，品位较富。主要为现代河流冲积砂金矿，可分为河床、河漫滩和阶地3种砂金矿床类型。玻利维亚政府鼓励外商投资，目前矿业开发投资以砂金开采为首选。 相似文献
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黑龙江省金矿资源丰富,采金历史悠久,砂金储量高居全国首位,素有“金镶边”之誉称.但就已找到的原生金矿矿量与“金镶边”还很不相称. 砂金矿床的发现和开采,往往成为发现原生金矿床的先导,引导找金工作逐步深入.世界上金矿地质工作的发展历史表明,一些重大金矿的发现和开发,大部分是从砂金矿床开始的.随着 相似文献
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砂金矿源区金矿化强度 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
砂金矿源区金矿化强度(Q)是新提出来的一个金矿化地质参数.通过这个参数有可能搞清砂金矿床和金矿化地层间的关系;也有可能探讨部分砂金矿的形成是否有岩金矿床补给.进而反过来用这个参数寻找岩金矿床.这是本文分析的两个重要问题. 相似文献
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本文通过对秦巴陕、甘、川、豫、鄂五省已知砂金矿床资料的整理和综合,简要的总结了区内砂金矿床的成因,形态类型,不同类型砂金矿床的地质特征及砂金矿的富集规律。对砂金矿的普查找矿工作有一定的指导意义。 相似文献
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以小盆湖砂金矿床为典型的一系列砂金矿床。矿点在藏北羌 塘中部构成一个呈东西向的砂金矿带，笔者1999年首次将其命名为“藏北羌塘小盆湖-拉雄错砂金矿带”。通过对小盆湖砂金矿床基岩地质，地貌，第四纪地质，矿床类型，成因类型，矿体特征，砂金特征的全面介绍及与该带其它砂金矿床，矿点的对比，结合区域地质背景，认为前泥盆系阿木岗群和石炭系中的火山岩层位是主要矿源层，此后若干不同时期的沉积不整合界面，都表征着其下古风化壳，其上底部碎屑岩的含金物聚源区可以直接或经改造就近形成金矿矿床，羌塘中央隆起带及其两侧和东西方向石炭系分布区具有广阔的金矿找矿前景。 相似文献
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大瑶山金矿成矿带位于广西东部,金矿化主要产于寒武系浅变质砂页岩、绢云母板岩中,加里东期中酸性岩浆岩与成矿有关.金矿床(点)主要为构造破碎带蚀变岩型.金矿体受断裂构造的直接控制.成矿带内金矿受区域网格状构造控制,金矿化表现出"三层楼"成矿规律.区内金的资源量预测为50～100 t. 相似文献
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藏东贡觉县马曲砂金矿床地质特征 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
马曲砂金矿位于基本东部昌都地区,地处著名的三江成矿区,阿尔卑斯－喜马拉雅巨型造山带东段弧形转弯处。根据砂金矿床的地质特征,重砂矿物组合以及主要重砂矿物特征,认为该矿床是近源型砂金矿。其形成与位于砂金矿南的各贡弄斑岩型铜金矿床有关。砂金聚集于河漫滩地貌单元含含砾层的下部,砂金矿的大小,品位和稳定性明显受河谷河漫滩形状的控制。 相似文献
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Gold and platinum group minerals from the gold placers of the South Urals are studied in order to identify the metal sources. In placers from the Main Uralian fault zone (MUF), the primary gold contains Ag (up to 29 wt.%), Cu (up to 2 wt.%) and Hg (up to 4 wt.%) and its fineness ranges from 538 to 997‰. Tetra-auricupride and cupriferous gold (up to 20 wt.% Cu) are common for the Nizhny Karabash placer of the MUF zone. In the eastern part of the South Urals, the placer gold is mainly characterized by high fineness of 900–1000‰ and low Cu contents (max 1.38 wt.%). Most of the placer gold grains consist of the primary domains, which are rimmed by secondary high-fineness gold with diffuse and clear boundaries. The secondary gold also develops along the shear dislocations of primary gold. Gold contains microinclusions of geerite, balkanite, chalcopyrite, Se-bearing galena, sphalerite, pyrite, pyrrhotite, arsenopyrite and hematite.Twenty four (including five unnamed) platinum group minerals (PGMs) were found in 28 placers; those from the Kialim and Maly Iremel placers of the Miass placer zone were studied in details. In the Kialim placer, ruthenium is most abundant PGM, which hosts microinclusions of isoferroplatinum, ferroan platinum, laurite, cupriferous gold, a mineral similar in composition to tolovkite, heazlewoodite and unnamed RhSbS phase. The osmium contains microinclusions of erlichmanite and laurite. The iridium grains hosts various sulfides and arsenides of platinum group elements (PGEs). The inclusion-free PGMs form Ru compositional trend in contrast to Os–Ru trend of the Ir-depleted inclusion-hosted PGMs. The isoferroplatinum from the Maly Iremel placer hosts laurite, rhodarsenite, bowieite, a mineral similar in composition to miassite and unnamed sulfide of Pt (Pt1.11S2.00) and antimonide of Pd ((Pd2.41Rh0.43Fe0.17)3.01(Sb0.91Te0.09)1.00). Ruthenium is a host to isoferroplatinum, PGE sulfides and arsenides, and heazlewoodite. Osmium contains microinclusions of ferroan platinum; iridium is a host to a mineral similar in composition to hongshiite. Three types of PGM intergrowths were identified in the Maly Iremel samples: (1) the intergrowths of platy grains of ruthenium with isoferroplatinum and a mineral similar in composition to tulameenite; (2) the open-latticework intergrowths of platy crystals of ruthenium with interstitial aggregates made up of gold, isoferroplatinum and a mineral similar in composition to xingzhongite and (3) the intergrowths of osmium and irarsite and iridarsenite, which are developed along cleavage of the osmium grains. Nickel sulfides associated with some PGMs contain Ru (11.32 wt.%) and Rh (2.21 wt.%) in millerite and Ir (31.00 wt.%), Ru (5.81 wt.%) and Rh (2.87 wt.%) in vaesite.The primary metal sources were determined on the basis of the mineral assemblages and composition of minerals, taking into account the nearby mineral deposits and directions of rivers. The rodingite-associated gold, gold-bearing massive sulfide and chromite deposits are major sources of gold and PGMs in placers of the Miass placer zone confined to the MUF structure of the South Urals. In the southern part of this structure, gold was mainly originated from orogenic gold–sulfide deposits associated with volcanic/volcaniclastic rocks and listvenite-associated gold deposits. The placer PGMs were derived from the adjacent ultramafic massifs of ophiolitic origin. The distance between the placers and primary deposits varies from 2 to 5 km (up to 20 km in the extended valley of the Miass River). Usage of ore microinclusions and associated PGMs in study of placer gold is far more advanced than an ordinary consideration of gold composition alone. This approach allowed us to identify the concrete sources for individual placers and to predict some mineralogical findings in already known primary occurrences. 相似文献
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梧桐河-都鲁河流域是我国主要砂金富集区之一.区内以流水成因河漫滩砂金矿和阶地砂金矿为主.砂金矿的分布,明显地受矿质来源、新构造运动、水动力条件和沉积环境的控制.砂金矿体多呈带状、条带状赋存于河谷堆积物的底部,在矿体中经常出现一至几个富矿地段.砂金粒度为0.03-3.5mm.区内砂金矿的找矿前景好,主要找矿标志是旧采金迹、金矿化异常区和老变质岩分布区.根据砂金矿的分布和富集规律,可在五号山、小梧桐河北支沟、西梧桐河二支沟一带寻找岩金矿. 相似文献
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The mineral field structure of a complex placer is a set of features reflecting the distribution and correlation of useful
and accompanying placer-forming minerals, their variation trends, the ordering degree of mineral assemblages, inhomogeneity
levels, etc. The mineral field structure is one of the most important characteristics of polymineral placers. Along with other
properties, it allows one to judge the regional and local formation condition of a placer and to assign it to a certain dynamic
class. The informativeness of this parameter increases if the mineral field inhomogeneity of complex placers is estimated
using various statistical models, in particular, the method of major components, which is one of the modifications of the
factor analysis. This method allows one to restore the structure of such a multifactor system as mineral assemblages of complex
heavy-mineral placers. This analysis yields particularly interesting results in the reconstruction of formation environments
of fossil placers that have lost connection with the recent topography (Devonian gold-diamond-rare metal placers in the middle
Timan region and Mesozoic-Cenozoic titanium-zirconium placers in northern Kazakhstan). It is demonstrated that the mineral
field of a proximal polymineral placer is extremely disordered; its mineral assemblages primarily reflect the provenance rock
composition and only insignificantly the formation environment of the placer itself. The mineral field of a complex coastal-marine
placer of heavy minerals (CMP), in contrast, reflects practically exclusively the lithodynamic situation within the shoreline
zone, including an influence of local factors. Only in exceptional cases, the inhomogeneity of the mineral field of a certain
CMP reflects an additional influence of rocks of the source area. 相似文献
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By the amount of extracted placer and primary gold (~1300 t), Amur province is one of the major gold provinces of Russia. Its numerous placers yielded almost 1132 t Au in contrast to ~180 t from primary deposits. The central part of the province is most productive for placer and primary gold in comparison with the periphery. Native gold from placers has moderately high and high fineness, and its composition corresponds to that of gold from dominant gold–quartz and gold–quartz–sulfide deposits and occurrences. The preponderance of placer gold in gold production indicates significant prospects for discovery of new gold deposits. 相似文献
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自然重砂是地质体经自然风化、剥蚀、搬运、沉积等地质作用而分离出的单矿物(或矿物组合)。自然重砂矿物晶体由于仍然保留有许多矿物成因信息,包括颜色、形态、化学成分、物理性质和矿物组合等特征,因此常用于追溯源区地质体或者找矿勘查。这种方法被认为是一种经济实用的找矿方法——自然重砂测量。本文基于全国自然重砂找矿的数据资料,系统梳理了自然重砂的矿物类型、出现频率及其分布等特点,分析了自然重砂的矿物组合和成因矿物学特征,研究了自然重砂矿物的源区烙印、搬运距离及标型指示矿物组合特征,探讨了自然重砂成因矿物学研究意义及其找矿应用前景。自然重砂矿物的颜色、形态及内部结构依然保留着明确的成因矿物学信息:其颜色和晶体形态具有继承性而与其源区母体联系起来,体现源区母体的特性;其矿物组成可分出残余原生重矿物(包括造岩矿物、副矿物、矿石矿物等)和新生重砂矿物两个部分,如赤铜矿、孔雀石等反映着源区岩性体的成分或者赋存状态特征,其矿物组合也在很大程度上继承原生共生矿物而体现诸如有无矿化等意义;重砂颗粒的磨圆度、边界光滑性等表面特征反映搬运距离,有利于明确响应源区母体或者物源,而具有良好的找矿指示意义。 相似文献
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Robert John Chapman James Keith Mortensen William P. LeBarge 《Mineralium Deposita》2011,46(8):881-903
Between 1978 and 2009, approximately 430,000 oz of placer gold were obtained from the Indian River and Black Hills Creek,
which equates to roughly 20% of the production for the entire Yukon Territory during that period. The area is unglaciated,
exposure is poor, and there are few known lode gold occurrences present. The technique of microchemical characterization of
placer gold grains has been applied to illuminate the style(s) of source mineralization and their relationship to placer gold
from the Klondike gold district immediately to the north. A total of 2,613 placer gold grains from 22 localities were characterised
in terms of the Au, Ag, Cu, and Hg content of their alloy and associated suite of opaque mineral inclusions. A combination
of alloy and inclusion mineralogy was used to define gold signatures which augmented the previous classification of orogenic
gold in the Klondike. Gold type 3b (8–25% Ag) is the main component of the placers in lower Dominion Creek but is augmented
and eventually replaced by type 3a gold (10–40% Ag) in placers in the main Indian River valley, probably through erosion of
gold-bearing veins in the valley floor. Type 4 gold exhibits highly variable Ag which may contain Hg to a maximum of 11 wt.%.
This gold type also hosts a distinctive inclusion assemblage of complex polymetallic sulphides, tellurides, sulfotellurides,
and sulfosalts and has previously been ascribed to local low sulfidation epithermal mineralization. Placer gold in drainages
radiating from Eureka Dome exhibits various proportions of types 3 and 4 gold depending on location, but type 3 gold forms
the major component in Black Hills Creek and northerly flowing tributaries of the Indian River with the exception of Eureka
and Montana creeks. Type 5 gold is found only in placers in the middle and lower Indian River. It is distinguished by slightly
elevated (0.05–0.17%) Cu in the gold alloy, together with low (5–9%) Ag contents. Inclusions of Bi minerals, Cr-bearing magnetite
and molybdenite within type 5 gold suggest derivation from an intrusion-related source. Candidates for such a source include
undiscovered lode occurrences associated with Cretaceous age intrusions to the south of the Indian River, or deformed Cu-Au
(−Mo) porphyry occurrences which are known to be present in the same area. This analysis of placer gold has indicated that
the contribution of low sulfidation epithermal gold from Eureka Creek to the larger placers of the Indian River is minor.
Consequently, the placer gold inventory of the Indian River is primarily orogenic in origin. Similarly, the characterization
of placer gold in Blackhills Creek strongly suggests an orogenic source. This study has demonstrated for the first time that
orogenic lode gold mineralization extends a considerable distance to the south of the southern Klondike goldfield. This information
contributes to the regional models of gold mineralization in an area which is currently the focus of intensive exploration. 相似文献