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本文在实验室里对老爷庙油田馆陶组（Ng）油气贮层砂岩岩芯的孔隙度φ、空气渗透率κ、骨架密度ρma、岩石密度ρb和不同有效覆盖压力△P下岩芯的声波时差△t,做了精确测量,用回归分析拟合了φ-K、φ-ρb、φ-△t和V-△p（△t-△p）的经验关系式;保持原始孔隙结构不变的前提下,在岩芯饱和各种矿化度的孔隙流体时测定了声波时差△t与孔隙度φ的关系.研究结果表明,当贮层的φ-K、φ-ρb和φ-△t相关时,可用声波时差△t或波速V解释贮层的岩性,并可反演求出贮层的φ、K和ρb;地层有效覆盖压力对贮层的孔隙度和波速具有明显的影响.根据V-△p曲线的变化规律,可以评价贮层的岩性和埋藏地质体的油、气储集能力.这些结果对油田地震勘探和石油测井资料的解释具有重要的参考价值,并为预测储油有利地区和评价贮层提供了一种新的途径. 相似文献
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在研究地质资料、测井资料的基础上,针对胜利油田王庄宁海地区馆陶组地层的变化特征规律,制定了新的储层预测技术方法.（1）精细构造技术研究：利用原始地震资料、地震道积分资料及小波分解资料,结合地质平面层序地层单元分析方法,划分出地质单元边界.（2）反演测井声波时差技术研究：利用地震小波变换属性、测井声波时差资料,采用稳健回归方法直接反演声波时差,进而计算孔隙度.该方法,可提高反演的分辨率,增加了反演结果的可靠性.结合研究区地质资料,把这种研究技术方法应用到王庄宁海地区馆陶组储层的预测研究,取得了良好的效果. 相似文献
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本文用正演方法讨论的问题有:声波速度（或声波时差）在断层附近的异常;用声阻抗信息研究生油泥岩的性能;地层压力的估算方法及地层压力数值在研究古地应力场及地质构造中的应用. 相似文献
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《地球物理学进展》2017,(1)
深层碳酸盐岩往往具有孔隙度低,孔隙形态复杂的特点.传统孔隙度反演方法仅考虑孔隙空间大小对地层岩石物性的影响,未考虑孔隙形态对岩石弹性特征的作用,在反演深层碳酸盐岩孔隙度时往往存在偏差.孔隙形态的影响可以利用含有孔隙纵横比的等效介质模型表示;通过引入DEM模型对声波孔隙度方程进行改进,定量体现孔隙形态的影响.将改进的声波反演与中子反演、密度反演相结合,得到井区受孔隙形态影响的地层孔隙度.首先利用中子、密度和纵波时差反演得到地层孔隙度初值;进而通过DEM公式获得孔隙纵横比初值;最后综合利用中子测井、密度测井和声波测井数据,实现受孔隙纵横比影响的地层孔隙度反演.应用该方法反演了西南某地MX19井深层白云岩储层的孔隙度,通过与岩心孔隙度测量数据进行对比,验证了反演结果的准确性. 相似文献
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上古生界二叠系下石盒子组盒8段是苏东南地区主力产气层段之一,低阻气层相对较发育,其测井响应表现为低自然伽马、高声波时差、低密度和低电阻率特征.根据常规测井处理方法,对苏东南地区50口试气井106个试气层段进行了电阻率与声波时差参数交会图分析,结果发现低阻气层的电阻率数值分布范围与邻近水层的电阻率基本相当,甚至有些含气段的电阻率比水层的电阻率低,在电阻率与声波时差参数交会图中,含气层的分布区与气水同层分布区相混,无法准确区分.另外,低阻气层在深侧向电阻率和声波时差测井曲线重叠图上基本无幅度差,这就可能造成有效含气层的漏失.针对上述这种电阻率相对较低的气层,利用非电阻率测井信号,优选声波孔隙度(ФS)、密度孔隙度(ФD)、中子孔隙度(ФN)测井资料进行重叠图处理(ФS-ФN、ФD-ФN),并增加纵波等效弹性模量差比值参数来综合识别气层.在含气层段,一般具有ФSФN、ФDФN、等效弹性模量差比值大于0.1的特征.上述综合识别含气层的方法,其判别结果不受电阻率的影响,因此在低阻气层发育的部位能够有效识别气层.经对50口试气井106个试气层段试气资料进行处理,气层识别综合符合率达95.8%. 相似文献
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《应用地球物理》2017,(3)
常规声波测井解释方法建立在各向同性地层中的垂直井基础之上,对各向异性地层中的水平井和斜度井并不适用。在水平井和斜度井的钻井过程中,岩屑会溅到井壁并最终在井壁底部形成一层薄岩屑层。同时,高速层和各向异性也可能会影响声波时差的测量。本文采用结合了Hybrid-PML的交错网格时域有限差分方法(SGS-FDTD),研究阵列声波仪器在各向异性介质中的水平井和斜度井条件下,不同因素对测得时差所带来的影响。模拟结果揭示了声波时差在高速层,薄岩屑层,井斜角,层厚,各向异性等不同影响因素下的相应规律。我们发现当波长远小于井壁与高速层的距离时,能够准确测得目的层时差;然而在两者处于同一量级时的近场条件下,几何声学理论不再适用;当井眼底部存在岩屑层时,费马原理依旧适用,对真实时差测量没有影响;在各向异性地层环境下,井斜角的增大使得测得时差由垂直向时差逐渐趋近于水平向时差;对于特定源距的声系,仪器在目的层中所移动的距离超过一定距离时,方可获得薄层时差值。基于不同井斜角和不同各向异性大小均匀TI地层模型的模拟结果,绘制了时差估计图版,可以对任意井斜角和各向异性比的模型进行时差的定量估计。通过对不同声系和不同弹性参数的模拟实验,证明了这种时差估计方法对TI地层中的水平井和斜度井准确有效。 相似文献
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Using Artificial Neural Networks to Predict the Presence of Overpressured Zones in the Anadarko Basin,Oklahoma 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Constantin Cranganu 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》2007,164(10):2067-2081
Many sedimentary basins throughout the world exhibit areas with abnormal pore-fluid pressures (higher or lower than normal
or hydrostatic pressure). Predicting pore pressure and other parameters (depth, extension, magnitude, etc.) in such areas
are challenging tasks. The compressional acoustic (sonic) log (DT) is often used as a predictor because it responds to changes
in porosity or compaction produced by abnormal pore-fluid pressures. Unfortunately, the sonic log is not commonly recorded
in most oil and/or gas wells. We propose using an artificial neural network to synthesize sonic logs by identifying the mathematical
dependency between DT and the commonly available logs, such as normalized gamma ray (GR) and deep resistivity logs (REID).
The artificial neural network process can be divided into three steps: (1) Supervised training of the neural network; (2)
confirmation and validation of the model by blind-testing the results in wells that contain both the predictor (GR, REID)
and the target values (DT) used in the supervised training; and 3) applying the predictive model to all wells containing the
required predictor data and verifying the accuracy of the synthetic DT data by comparing the back-predicted synthetic predictor
curves (GRNN, REIDNN) to the recorded predictor curves used in training (GR, REID). Artificial neural networks offer significant
advantages over traditional deterministic methods. They do not require a precise mathematical model equation that describes
the dependency between the predictor values and the target values and, unlike linear regression techniques, neural network
methods do not overpredict mean values and thereby preserve original data variability. One of their most important advantages
is that their predictions can be validated and confirmed through back-prediction of the input data. This procedure was applied
to predict the presence of overpressured zones in the Anadarko Basin, Oklahoma. The results are promising and encouraging. 相似文献
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Depth-discrete aquifer in formal ion was obtained using recently developed adaptations and improvements to conventional characterization techniques. These improvements included running neutron porosity and hulk density geophysical logging tools through a cased hole, performing an enhanced point-dilution tracer test for monitoring tracer concentration as a function of Lime and depth, and using pressure derivatives for diagnostic and quantitative analysis of constant rate discharge lest data. Data results from the use of these techniques were used to develop a conceptual model of a heterogeneous aquifer. Depth-discrete aquifer information was required to effectively design field-scale deployment and monitoring of an in situ bioremediation technology.
Geophysical logging and point-dilution tracer test results provided the relative distribution of porosity and horizontal hydraulic conductivity, respectively, with depth and correlated well. Hydraulic pumping tests were conducted to estimate mean values for transmissivity and effective hydraulic conductivity, Tracer lest and geophysical logging results indicated that ground water flow was predominant in the upper approximate 10 feet of the aquifer investigated. These results were used to delineate a more representative interval thickness for estimating effective hydraulic conductivity. Hydraulic conductivity, calculated using this representative interval, was estimated lo be 73 ft/d, approximately three limes higher than that calculated using the full length of the screened test interval. 相似文献
Geophysical logging and point-dilution tracer test results provided the relative distribution of porosity and horizontal hydraulic conductivity, respectively, with depth and correlated well. Hydraulic pumping tests were conducted to estimate mean values for transmissivity and effective hydraulic conductivity, Tracer lest and geophysical logging results indicated that ground water flow was predominant in the upper approximate 10 feet of the aquifer investigated. These results were used to delineate a more representative interval thickness for estimating effective hydraulic conductivity. Hydraulic conductivity, calculated using this representative interval, was estimated lo be 73 ft/d, approximately three limes higher than that calculated using the full length of the screened test interval. 相似文献
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None of the standard porosity-velocity models (e.g. the time-average equation, Raymer's equations) is satisfactory for interpreting well-logging data over a broad depth range. Clays in the section are the usual source of the difficulty through the bias and scatter that they introduce into the relationship between porosity and P-wave transit time. Because clays are composed of fine sheet-like particles, they normally form pores with much smaller aspect ratios than those associated with sand grains. This difference in pore geometry provides the key to obtaining more consistent resistivity and sonic log interpretations. A velocity model for Clay–sand mixtures has been developed in terms of the Kuster and Toksöz, effective medium and Gassmann theories. In this model, the total pore space is assumed to consist of two parts: (1) pores associated with sand grains and (2) pores associated with clays (including bound water). The essential feature of the model is the assumption that the geometry of pores associated with sand grains is significantly different from that associated with clays. Because of this, porosity in shales affects elastic compliance differently from porosity in sand-Stones. The predictive power of the model is demonstrated by the agreement between its predictions and laboratory measurements and by its ability to predict sonic logs from other logs over large depth intervals where formations vary from unconsolidated to consolidated sandstones and shales. 相似文献
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为了解决煤储层物性的预测方法问题,本文基于大量的文献调研,梳理了煤储层孔隙性和渗透性的影响因素和预测方法,并进行了预测技术展望.研究表明,孔隙性影响因素主要有煤层埋深、压实作用、变质程度和显微组分等,孔隙度预测方法主要有双侧向迭代法、阿尔奇公式裂缝孔隙度估算法、双侧向数值模拟法、相关分析方法及支持向量机等方法;渗透性影响因素主要有煤层埋深、储层压力、煤的变质程度、煤体结构、煤岩组分、应力状态、基质收缩作用和裂隙系统发育程度等,渗透性预测方法主要有F-S计算方法、基于达西定律的计算方法、相关分析法及多层次模糊综合评判法等其他方法.本文认为遵循“地质约束测井、岩心刻度测井”的原则,加强煤层气储层岩石物理研究和物性影响因素分析是基础;常规测井信息与测井新技术信息结合,“多尺度信息融合”建立煤岩孔隙度和渗透率解释新模型,充分发挥多种非线性数学方法的优势构建煤岩物性非线性数学预测方法有一定的实际意义. 相似文献
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地震储层预测时需要高精度的测井数据,对测井曲线不仅在储层处要进行环境校正,而且在非储层处也要做环境校正。为了消除井眼扩径和其他影响因素对测井曲线的影响,针对声波和密度等孔隙度测井提出了一套校正办法。首先要找出测井曲线的失真,然后针对引起失真的原因,分别针对声波测井和密度测井提出具体校正办法,主要包括基于阵列声波测井的声波时差重新提取和其他资料的重构-编辑法。上述方法在川东北碳酸盐岩区块进行了实验,经分析与对比,证明该方法是有效的,思路和方法对其他区块也有借鉴意义。 相似文献
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Ida L. Fabricius Christian Høier Peter Japsen Uffe Korsbech 《Geophysical Prospecting》2007,55(4):487-506
In impure chalk, the elastic moduli are not only controlled by porosity but also by contact‐cementation, resulting in relatively large moduli for a given porosity, and by admixtures of clay and fine silica, which results in relatively small moduli for a given porosity. Based on a concept of solids suspended in pore fluids as well as composing the rock frame, we model P‐wave and S‐wave moduli of dry and wet plug samples by an effective‐medium Hashin–Shtrikman model, using chemical, mineralogical and textural input. For a given porosity, the elastic moduli correspond to a part of the solid (the iso‐frame value) forming the frame of an Upper Hashin–Shtrikman bound, whereas the remaining solid is modelled as suspended in the pore fluid. The iso‐frame model is thus a measure of the pore‐stiffness or degree of cementation of the chalk. The textural and mineralogical data may be assessed from logging data on spectral gamma radiation, density, sonic velocity and water saturation in a hydrocarbon zone, whereas the iso‐frame value of a chalk may be assessed from the density and acoustic P‐wave logs alone. The iso‐frame concept may thus be directly used in conventional log‐analysis and is a way of incorporating sonic‐logging data. The Rigs‐1 and Rigs‐2 wells in the South Arne field penetrate the chalk at the same depth but differ in porosity and in water saturation although almost the entire chalk interval has irreducible water saturation. Our model, combined with petrographic data, indicates that the difference in porosity is caused by a higher degree of pore‐filling cementation in Rigs‐1. Petrographic data indicate that the difference in water saturation is caused by a higher content of smectite in the pores of Rigs‐1. In both wells, we find submicron‐size diagenetic quartz. 相似文献
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利用地震、测井与地温资料综合分析了南海北部东沙海域可能存在的天然气水合物的分布特征.研究表明,在东沙海域地震剖面上出现似海底反射层、弱振幅带等天然气水合物分布标志,在声波测井曲线上呈现高速、速度倒转等天然气水合物存在特征.似海底反射层的深度与1144站位,及平均地温梯度资料得出的稳定带厚度较吻合.1144站位与1148站位似海底反射层距海底较深,分别为654m与475m.在1144站位附近,弱振幅带的顶界可能代表含天然气水合物沉积层的顶界,约在450m左右. 相似文献
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Estimates of depth, overpressure and amount of exhumation based on sonic data for a sedimentary formation rely on identification of a normal velocity–depth trend for the formation. Such trends describe how sonic velocity increases with depth in relatively homogeneous, brine‐saturated sedimentary formations as porosity is reduced during normal compaction (mechanical and chemical). Compaction is ‘normal’ when the fluid pressure is hydrostatic and the thickness of the overburden has not been reduced by exhumation. We suggest that normal porosity at the surface for a given lithology should be constrained by its critical porosity, i.e. the porosity limit above which a particular sediment exists only as a suspension. Consequently, normal velocity at the surface of unconsolidated sediments saturated with brine approaches the velocity of the sediment in suspension. Furthermore, porosity must approach zero at infinite depth, so the velocity approaches the matrix velocity of the rock and the velocity–depth gradient approaches zero. For sediments with initially good grain contact (when porosity is just below the critical porosity), the velocity gradient decreases with depth. By contrast, initially compliant sediments may have a maximum velocity gradient at some depth if we assume that porosity decreases exponentially with depth. We have used published velocity–porosity–depth relationships to formulate normal velocity–depth trends for consolidated sandstone with varying clay content and for marine shale dominated by smectite/illite. The first relationship is based on a modified Voigt trend (porosity scaled by critical porosity) and the second is based on a modified time‐average equation. Baselines for sandstone and shale in the North Sea agree with the established constraints and the shale trend can be applied to predict overpressure. A normal velocity–depth trend for a formation cannot be expressed from an arbitrary choice of mathematical functions and regression parameters, but should be considered as a physical model linked to the velocity–porosity transforms developed in rock physics. 相似文献
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V. M. Vitovtova V. M. Shmonov A. V. Zharikov 《Izvestiya Physics of the Solid Earth》2014,50(5):593-602
The depth trends of permeability are constructed from the measurements of the tight rocks typical of the basement of the continental crust at temperatures up to 600°C and pressures up to 200 MPa. It is established that the permeability decreases with depth. The statistical processing of the experimental data yielded the generalized dependence logk = ?12.6-3.23H 0.223. The method is suggested and, based on the experimental data on permeability, the estimates are obtained for the effective diameters of the pore channels and effective porosity at the PT parameters corresponding to the in situ deep zones of the continental crust. It is found that porosity decreases with depth, while distinct depth dependence of the pore sizes is not observed. The dependence of porosity on the depth is approximated by the relationship logφ = ?0.65–0.1H + 0.0019H 2. The porosity is estimated at a few percent for a depth of 10 km with a decline to 0.01–0.1% at 35 km. The estimates of porosity retrieved from the experimental data agree with the theoretical calculations based on the present-day ideas of the structure of the discrete media and with the results of magnetotelluric sounding. Thus, according to three independent estimates, the porosity of the rocks of the continental crust decreases with depth. At the same time, in both the intermediate and lower crust there are intervals where the porosity values suggest the presence of fluid-saturated horizons at these depths. 相似文献