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1.
在X射线天文学以及辐射物理学中,当硬X射线穿过" 冷"的等离子体时所发生的Compton软化是一种重要的辐射转移过程.简要介绍推广的Kompaneets方程,该方程在hv〈mec2及kTe〈mec2较宽松的条件下广泛成立,因此不仅能处理Compton硬化过程,而且也适用于Compton软化过程,后者在目前快速发展的X射线和γ射线天文学中十分重要.基于此方程,我们对天体物理中4种常见辐射谱(Gauss型发射谱线、黑体辐射谱、幂律辐射谱和热轫致辐射谱)在Compton软化情况下的谱演化进行了数值求解,并同Monte Carlo模拟结果做比较,证实了推广的Kompaneets方程的正确性和有效性.最后指出此方程在X射线天文学和γ射线天文学中的重要意义和潜在应用. 相似文献
2.
正在进行的实验室天体物理测量解决了X射线天文学的一些问题，这些实验产生了大量可靠的原子数据，它们既可用于电荷分布中电离与复合截面的计算，又可用于对X射线谱线形成的线表、激发截面及双电子复合系数的理解。另有一部分实验注重于解决天体观测的难题，以及验证现有的和寻找新的X射线谱线诊断。讨论了上述实验产生的数据类型，并展示了实验室测量如何为卫星（ASCA、EUVE、Chandra、XMM和ASTRO-E2）观测提供实验依据． 相似文献
3.
本文分析了南京大学太阳塔1991年10月24日用多波段光谱仪观测到的高时间分辨率（5s）的一个2N／X2．1级白光耀斑光谱．对耀斑谱线轮廓、连续发射强度、X射线和射电爆发资料进行了综合对比，分析表明，该耀斑属Ⅰ类白光耀斑，具有如下特征：（1）在白光耀斑的脉冲相期间，各波段光谱线心强度、连续辐射、谱线半宽以及线翼红不对称性与硬X射线高能波段的爆发同时达到极大；（2）H_a谱线在连续发射极大时半宽达10A，且呈现强烈的线心反转，H_β和H_γ线心亦有反转；（3）所拍摄的5条谱线都有明显的红不对称性，持续时间约为1分钟，根据上述结果，本文用电子束轰击、色球蒸发和色球压缩区对该耀斑能量积聚和释放的动力学机制作了定性的分析和解释。 相似文献
4.
对中小红移不同光度AGN的大蓝包位置进行了统计检验．主要统计方法是对比软X射线波段谱指数（asx）分布与“直线”连接紫外1050■和软X射线0．5keV的幂指数（αuv-sx）分布．经过平均值统计和K－S检验,表明二者分布是类似的．因此,在1050■至O．5keV中可能是幂律谱,统计预言大蓝包峰值在1050■附近．这个统计结果在软X选低光度AGN样本（WF93）上亦能得到．这表明WF93样品尽管普遍存在软X过剩,大蓝包峰值仍可能在1050■附近．但是,软X射线谱指数。αsx与1050■到0.5keV间“直线”连接的幂指数αuv-sx没有相关性,说明还存在一种不明的、但在远紫外（FUV）和极紫外（EUV）谱中起作用的因素,它既能保证。。αuv-sx与αsx的分布在总体上的一致性,又使二者不具备—一对等的关系． 相似文献
5.
用径移主导吸积流模型（ADAF）不仅可以成功解释很多低吸积率天体的连续谱辐射，也可以说明X射线波段的谱线发射，而后者目前尚少有讨论。以黑洞X射线双星GX339－4处在低吸积率的宁静态情况为例，计算了它的铁线发射，表明在ADAF情况下的确可以产生足够强的可以在观测上检测的类氢和类氦铁Kα线。 相似文献
6.
从硬X射线和微波爆发频谱推断的两种太阳耀斑高能电子谱指数的异同 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
从观测频谱资料出发表明谱极大两边的能谱指数在不同的模型中有不同的结果．在均匀的射电源模型下,光厚边的谱指数几乎与电子能谱指数无关;而从光薄边的谱指数得到的电子能谱指数δR远小于X射线的δX.因此均匀源模型下两者的能谱指数是不同的．在使用非均匀源模型时,无论是从光厚边还是从光薄边的潜指数,得到的电子能谱指数都是等同于X射线的,即δR=δX.这从能谱指数的角度上,从实测资料论证了两者的非热电子分布可以是同样的．并以1981年4月27日0800UT的爆发为例,计算了非均匀射电源的参数。表征磁场梯度的αB值为2．0-4.5,源中的最大磁场为207—440G,3GHz的射电源的球壳大小为（0．9-4．6）×109cm． 相似文献
7.
本分析了南京大学太阳塔１９９１年１０月２４日用多波段光谱仪观测到的高时间分辨率（５ｓ）的一个２Ｎ／Ｘ２．１级白光耀斑光谱，对耀斑谱线轮廓，连续发射强度，Ｘ射线和射电爆发资料进行了综合对比，分析表明，该耀斑属Ｉ类白光耀斑，具有如下特征：（１）在白光耀斑的脉冲相期间，各波段光谱线心强度，连续辐射，谱线半宽以及线翼红不对称性与硬Ｘ射线高能波段的爆分同时达到极大；（２）Ｈα谱线在连续发射极大时半宽达１０ 相似文献
8.
邓铁如 《中国天文和天体物理学报》1996,(3)
围绕黑洞作开普勒运动的环状发光物所发射的光，将受到多普勒颇移和引力的综合作用．本文用光子输运方程方法，针对洛仑兹型发射谱线，求出在Schwarzschild度规下谱线轮廓的精确解，并讨论了Hercules星系团中类星体1604＋179光谱的认证． 相似文献
9.
李泽清 《中国天文和天体物理学报》1982,(1)
在双星系统X射线源HerX-1的硬X射线波段测量到强的X射线谱线.第一条谱线在58keV,第二条谱线在110keV附近,并给出了谱线宽度,强度比和流量.对这种现象可以有几种解释,其中之一是认为这些谱线是由强磁场中量子化的电子同步加速辐射产生,从而可以推导出发射区的磁场强度.这几乎可以认为是宇宙中存在强磁场的 相似文献
10.
11.
According to the theory of spectral line formation in the state of non-local thermodynamic equilibrium and by using the software package FAC for the relativistic multi-configuration atomic processes, the X-ray and EUV spectra of Be-like oxygen ions are simulated. The effects of indirect processes on the X-ray and EUV spectra of Be-like O ions are probed. In the situation of the typical cosmical plasma density (ne = 1010/cm3), three models are adopted. For different temperatures, the processes of formation of X-ray and EUV spectra are simulated, and the contributions of indirect processes to the formation of spectral lines are analyzed and compared. Besides, their rate coefficients are given. It is found that in the process of spectral line formation, the indirect processes have exceedingly important effects. 相似文献
12.
Elmar Träbert 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》1998,297(2):399-404
A number of electric dipole transitions from low-lying long-lived levels in Si-, P- and S-like ions of Fe and neighbouring elements have been identified by their longevity in delayed EUV spectra after foil excitation of fast ion beams. Some of these new identifications pertain to previously unidentified lines in solar flare spectra. 相似文献
13.
V. Tsikoudi B. J. Kellett J. H. M. M. Schmitt 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2000,319(4):1136-1146
The X-ray observations of the ROSAT -PSPC All-Sky Survey have revealed bright and energetic coronae for a number of late-type main-sequence stars, many of them flare stars. We have detected 31 X-ray flares on 14 stars. A search for simultaneous X-ray and EUV (extreme ultraviolet) flares using ROSAT Wide Field Camera survey data revealed a large number of simultaneous flares. These results indicate that the heating mechanisms of the X-ray and EUV‐emitting regions of the stellar coronae are similar. We find X-ray quiescent variability for nine of the 14 stars and simultaneous X-ray and EUV quiescent variability for seven of these nine stars. These results imply that the stellar coronae are in a continuous state of low-level activity. There are tight linear correlations of X-ray flare luminosity with the 'quiescent' X-ray as well as with the stellar bolometric luminosity. The similarity between the X-ray-to‐EUV quiescent and flare luminosity ratios suggests that the two underlying spectra are also similar. Both are indeed consistent with the previously determined Einstein two-temperature models. We suggest that both the variability and spectral results could indicate that the quiescent emission is composed of a multitude of unresolved flares. 相似文献
14.
We discuss needs in dielectronic recombination data motivated by recent work directed at a quantitative understanding of ion charge states of various elements observed in situ in the solar wind and CMEs. The competing processes of ionization and recombination lead to departures from collision ionization equilibrium. The use of this as a diagnostic of acceleration and heating processes of the solar wind and CMEs is sensitive to the accuracy of the atomic rates in a way that steady state ionization equilibrium plasmas are not. The most pressing need is dielectronic recombination rates for ions Fe8+-12+. These are among the dominant species observed in various regions of the solar wind and CMEs, and in remotely sensed EUV spectra. 相似文献
15.
Joseph P. Cassinelli 《Astrophysics and Space Science》1994,221(1-2):277-285
Recent observations of the X-ray and EUV emission of non-supergiant B stars are summarized. As compared with O stars, the X-rays of most of the near-main-sequence B stars are soft, and the stars show a departure from theL x = 10?7 L bol relation. Using line driven wind models to provide an estimate of the density distribution, it is concluded that a major fraction of the wind emission measure is hot, whereas in shocked wind theory less than 10 percent of the wind emission measure should be hot. The X-ray observations suggest that all of the B stars are X-ray emitters with a basal X-ray luminosity of about 10?8.5 L bol . A hard component dominates the X-ray emission of τ Sco, and possible causes are discussed. For the Be stars, the X-ray emission is that which is expected from a normal B-star wind coming from the poles, as in the Wind Compressed Disk (WCD) model of Be stars. None of the stars, including theβ Cep stars, show noticeable variability in their X-rays.EUVE observations of∈ CMa B2 II, find it to be the brightest object in the EUV sky at 500 to 700 Å. It shows a Lyman continuum flux that is a factor of 30 higher than line blanketed model atmospheres. The continuum is seen on both sides of the He I 504 Å edge, and the discrepancy with model atmospheres is even greater shortward of 504 Å. TheEUVE spectra show emission lines both from high stages of ionization ( Feix to Fexvi) and from low stages (Heii and Oiii). The Heii Lymanα results from recombination following X-ray photoionization in the wind, and the Oiii resonance line is found to be present because of the Bowen fluorescence mechanism. Thus, there is and interesting coupling between the wind production by the EUV photospheric emission, the production of X-ray and line EUV emission by winds, and the production of fluorescence by recombination in the wind; all of these processes are now observable in B stars. 相似文献
16.
Thomas N. Woods Gary J. Rottman Scott M. Bailey Stanley C. Solomon John R. Worden 《Solar physics》1998,177(1-2):133-146
The solar extreme ultraviolet (EUV) irradiance, the dominant global energy source for Earth's atmosphere above 100 km, is not known accurately enough for many studies of the upper atmosphere. During the absence of direct solar EUV irradiance measurements from satellites, the solar EUV irradiance is often estimated at the 30–50% uncertainty level using both proxies of the solar irradiance and earlier solar EUV irradiance measurements, primarily from the Air Force Geophysics Laboratory (now Phillips Laboratory) rockets and Atmospheric Explorer (AE) instruments. Our sounding rocket measurements during solar cycle 22 include solar EUV irradiances below 120 nm with 0.2 nm spectral resolution, far ultraviolet (FUV) airglow spectra below 160 nm, and solar soft X-ray (XUV) images at 17.5 nm. Compared to the earlier observations, these rocket experiments provide a more accurate absolute measurement of the solar EUV irradiance, because these instruments are calibrated at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) with a radiometric uncertainty of about 8%. These more accurate sounding-rocket measurements suggest revisions of the previous reference AE–E spectra by as much as a factor of 2 at some wavelengths. Our sounding-rocket flights during the past several years (1988–1994) also provide information about solar EUV variability during solar cycle 22. 相似文献
17.
Electron beams accelerated during solar flares carry electric currents which should be neutralized by so-called return currents.
Both the electron beam and return current modify the electron distribution function in the solar transition region and low
corona. Thus, they influence the intensities of the spectral lines formed in these layers. Synthetic spectra for the solar
flare atmosphere are computed from model conditions and the possibilities of diagnostics of the return current from the EUV
and X-ray line spectra are discussed. 相似文献
18.
F. P. Keenan J. J. Drake K. M. Aggarwal 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2007,381(4):1727-1732
New fully relativistic calculations of radiative rates and electron impact excitation cross-sections for Fe xvi are used to determine theoretical emission-line ratios applicable to the 251–361 and 32–77 Å portions of the extreme-ultraviolet (EUV) and soft X-ray spectral regions, respectively. A comparison of the EUV results with observations from the Solar Extreme-Ultraviolet Research Telescope and Spectrograph (SERTS) reveals excellent agreement between theory and experiment. However, for emission lines in the 32–49 Å portion of the soft X-ray spectral region, there are large discrepancies between theory and measurement for both a solar flare spectrum obtained with the X-Ray Spectrometer/Spectrograph Telescope (XSST) and for observations of Capella from the Low-Energy Transmission Grating Spectrometer (LETGS) on the Chandra X-ray Observatory . These are probably due to blending in the solar flare and Capella data from both first-order lines and from shorter wavelength transitions detected in second and third order. By contrast, there is very good agreement between our theoretical results and the XSST and LETGS observations in the 50–77 Å wavelength range, contrary to previous results. In particular, there is no evidence that the Fe xvi emission from the XSST flare arises from plasma at a much higher temperature than that expected for Fe xvi in ionization equilibrium, as suggested by earlier work. 相似文献
19.
A. Dalgarno 《Astrophysics and Space Science》2003,285(3-4):687-690
Soft X-ray observations from comets are analysed on the assumption that the X-rays arise from electron captures by multiply
charged ions of the solar wind in collisions with the neutral atoms and molecules of the cometary atmospheres. The collisions
populate excited states of the ion formed in the transfer of charge which then decay in a cascade of radiative transitions
in the soft X-ray and ultraviolet regions of the spectrum. A comparison of detailed models of the resulting spectra with observations
of Comet McNaught-Hartley yield information on the solar wind ion composition. A similar process in which solar wind ions
interact with neutral atoms in the heliosphere contributes to the diffuse soft X-ray background.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
20.
Simultaneous visible, EUV, and X-ray observations of magnetic structures before and during the onset of the flare of 5 September 1973 are co-registered and interpreted. Ninety minutes before the flare, intense EUV knots fluctuate near the loops which subsequently flare. The pre-flare loop is observed in O IV 554, but not in X-rays, which show instead a parallel structure which is related either to a darkening filament or the subsequent flare kernels. As the full disk X-ray emission increases, first the EUV flare loop appears, then X-ray kernels form at the feet of two EUV loops, one of which overlies the activated filament. The flaring, at any given time, is confined to a single loop (or bundle of loops) whose long axis (barely) crosses the neutral line. As time progresses, the flaring moves to other (probably higher) loops sharing the off-band H footpoints but whose axes are rotated relative to the earlier loops by angles of about 30°. Previous interpretations of single-telescope observations are revised in this joint investigation. 相似文献