共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 203 毫秒
1.
长白山天池火山喷发序列研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
长白山天池火山周边的11个钻孔资料揭示了长白山天池火山的喷发序列和岩浆演化过程.天池火山的喷发序列分为3个旋回:早期旋回喷发于上新世至早更新世,对应着周边地区的造高原喷发,天池火山熔岩盾主体开始形成,岩浆演化顺序是粗面玄武岩到粗面岩;中期旋回是早更新世的玄武岩浆演化到粗面岩和粗安岩(相当于小白山组);晚期旋回是从更新世到全新世,老房子小山组的玄武岩演化到白头山组粗面岩及碱流岩.在粗面质岩浆喷发过程中,有寄生火山的玄武质岩浆伴随喷发.全新世内天池火山千年大喷发主体由碱流质火山碎屑堆积物构成,松散堆积物的钻孔堆积层序表明,天池火山在全新世至少发生过两期巨型造伊格尼姆岩喷发. 相似文献
2.
在对腾冲火山区进行野外考察的基础上,重点对区内3座全新世火山(黑空山、打莺山和马鞍山)的岩石学及地球化学特征、岩浆源区性质及其演化进行研究。对主量元素和微量元素研究表明,这套岩石属于高钾钙碱性系列,包括粗面玄武岩、玄武粗安岩、粗面安山岩和英安岩,从基性岩到酸性岩都有分布。这套火山岩富集大离子亲石元素和轻稀土元素,亏损Nb-Ta-Ti不相容元素,具有岛弧火山岩特征。通过微量数据模拟认为,腾冲全新世火山岩为石榴石相地幔橄榄岩在低压条件下大比例部分熔融的产物。源区富钾矿物为金云母,不含角闪石。腾冲及其邻区新生代以来的火山喷发主要受盆地内断裂控制,不受板块俯冲或者火山弧作用的控制。其活动产物为板内火山岩,表现出的岛弧火山岩特征是由于地幔源区受到古洋壳的俯冲板片的富集作用,富集作用发生在部分熔融作用之前。富集地幔部分熔融形成的富钾岩浆沿断裂上升进入地壳形成岩浆房,在岩浆房阶段经历了分离结晶作用和地壳混染作用,有钛铁氧化物、磷灰石、橄榄石、单斜辉石和斜长石的结晶分离。 相似文献
3.
4.
《地球物理学进展》2016,(5)
长白山火山是一座具有潜在喷发危险的大型近代活动火山,因此通过对该火山活动的监测,加强对长白山天池火山岩浆系统的研究并了解天池火山的活动性质是很有意义的.除了开展长白山火山活动历史、火山地层学、火山岩岩石学、年代学以及火山地质等研究之外,我国从20世纪80年代开始在该火山区域进行了一系列的地球物理探测活动.为深入了解长白山火山区岩浆的分布与活动特征,本文对前人工作进行总结,得到了关于长白山火山活动的以下几个方面的认识:1)通过火山区地震活动性监测得到了火山区的岩浆活动状态;2)利用大地电磁测深对火山区地下是否存在可能再次活动的岩浆囊及其分布形态进行监测,为火山喷发的危险性预测和灾害评价提供依据;3)利用人工源深地震测深对长白山天池及其邻域的结晶基底及地壳精细结构进行讨论;4)利用天然地震对火山区地壳、上地幔结构进行深入研究,分析了与火山区有关的深层动力学因素;5)对国外火山区重力监测实例的调研表明,重力监测对了解岩浆活动状态是十分有效的手段.多种地球物理方法的综合应用,获得了长白山火山地区地壳至地幔转换带的详细资料. 相似文献
5.
47个腾冲火山岩样品的K-Ar年龄值域在0.09和17.84Ma之间。4条火山岩的40Ar/36Ar-40K/36Ar等时线年龄分别为2.93、0.81、0.31和0.13Ma。火山喷发的时代从中新世到更新世,喷发的高潮在晚更新世。腾冲火山目前还不是死火山,而腾冲及其邻区的热事件（侵入-热变质-喷发）又是连续发生的。20个样品的Rb和Sr含量、稳定Sr同位素初始比（0.70578-0.71437）以及其它地球化学资料还表明,这些火山岩是属于板块碰撞带生成的高钾钙碱性岩浆系列。火山岩的母岩浆来源于地幔的玄武岩浆,但在上升过程中受到过富含放射性成因Sr的地壳物质的强烈渐进混染。 相似文献
6.
长白山天池火山大约 1 000年前的大喷发,形成了巨厚的火山碎屑流堆积层,其主要组成是浮岩与火山灰。以往的研究普遍认为其中的浮岩为灰白色,属流纹质。笔者在考察中发现了不少黑色及少量其它颜色的浮岩,系统地采集了各色样品作浮岩化学成分分析,结果表明,灰白色浮岩与黑色浮岩分别为流纹质和粗面质,灰色浮岩属于粗面质但靠近流纹质端元。它们都来源于地壳岩浆房,是岩浆房内不同分异演化阶段的产物,它们同时喷出说明岩浆房内具有分带性及不同性质岩浆的混合 相似文献
7.
长白山天池火山是中国最具有潜在灾害性喷发危险的活动火山。在开展长白山天池火山近代喷发历史的研究中,通过野外考察、粒度分析、岩石化学研究,识别出了一套新的火山喷发物。这套喷发物分布于天池水面东北侧,为一套灰色多层火山碎屑堆积,厚约9.2m。下伏公元1668年的火山空降堆积。粒度分析表明,天池火山最近一次喷发物以空降堆积为主,夹一层薄层涌浪堆积,火山喷发类型为射气岩浆型。涌浪堆积碎屑物的分数维值为2.71。空降堆积的分数维值小于涌浪堆积,综合投点求出的分数维值为2.36。显微镜下可观察到鸡骨架状玻屑,无黏土矿物,为原生火山爆发堆积。火山碎屑堆积物中的浮岩岩石化学分析结果表明岩浆成分为粗面质。根据历史记录、地层层序关系、堆积物特征的综合分析,推测堆积物的形成时间为公元1903年 相似文献
8.
震前温度异常升高表明了地球内部热能在震区集聚的事实,这是理解判断地震成因和发震机制的关键所在.
根据地壳中存在局部热能集聚和岩层突然大幅升温的事实,推断火山喷发与地震发生过程的机制原理:①火山喷发过程:地幔物质岩浆上涌,在靠近地表的岩层中形成岩浆包或岩浆房并持续扩大体积融化周围岩层,最终从某一点或几点冲出地表,形成火山喷发. 相似文献
9.
文章较系统地梳理了针对长白山火山区开展的地球物理观测和探测研究情况,概述了地壳和上地幔结构探测研究的主要进展,即长白山火山下方地壳和上地幔中存在与火山岩浆系统相关的低速低阻体,长白山火山在成因机制上与西太平洋板块俯冲活动密切相关.在此基础上,指出了深入探测研究方面待解决的科学问题,包括中国和朝鲜半岛开展联合探测研究,火山岩浆囊三维分布和流变性的多学科精细探测研究,以及长白山火山潜在喷发危险的科学评估和动态监测系统建设等. 相似文献
10.
地震、形变、火山气体地球化学等观测结果表明2002~2005年长白山天池火山经历了1次扰动事件。长白山站地震台（CBS台）记录到了扰动事件前后连续稳定的宽频带地震观测资料。前人的观测研究结果认为长白山天池火山扰动期间的火山地震类型主要为构造型火山地震，伴随少量的谐频型地震。本文通过匹配滤波技术，对1999~2007年扰动事件前后CBS台单台三分量地震观测数据进行模板扫描，获得3763个清晰的火山地震事件，其中谐频（HS）事件125个，构造（VT）事件3618个，并发现长周期（LP）事件20个。进而将火山扰动期间火山地震事件分为3种类型：构造型事件、长周期事件和谐频型事件，并提出2002~2005年长白山天池火山扰动机制模型：深源地震-火山能量传递模型，即汪清深源地震能量释放和传递，引发长白山火山区岩石圈应力状态波动。地幔岩浆房受应力干扰后，岩浆通道打开，少量岩浆侵入地壳岩浆房。岩浆混合脱气导致地壳岩浆房升压，引起顶部岩石微破裂，产生构造型火山地震，气体和流体填充这些裂隙，从而产生LP和HS型火山地震事件。 相似文献
11.
长白山天池火山是目前最具潜在喷发危险的活火山。依据长白山天池火山的最新监测研究成果,结合地形地貌、水文流域特点及天池火山历史喷发类型,重点分析了长白山天池火山未来喷发时发生溃湖洪水的危险性。利用相关的水动力学公式,建立了溃口规模和洪水湿周、流量和流速的内在关系。详细分析溃湖洪峰在下游二道白河镇、白山水电站、红石水电站等关键位置的最大流量及流速。结果表明,若天池火山湖水溃泄一半即10亿m3时,距火山口50km处的二道白河镇瞬时洪水流速达84 904m3/s,该镇将全部被淹没。下游的白山水库、丰满水库将分别受到流量23 560m3/s和1 505m3/s洪水的冲击,水库安全受到严重威胁。 相似文献
12.
A Preliminary Study of the Types of Volcanic Earthquakes and Volcanic Activity at the Changbaishan Tianchi Volcano 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Ming Yuehong 《中国地震研究》2006,20(3):286-294
INTRODUCTIONThe Changbaishan volcano is located in Jilin Province , along the border of China and NorthKorea .It isthelargest nature reservein China .Changbaishan belongstothe northeastern Asian activebelt in the eastern margin of the Euro-Asia plate . The Changbaishan volcano is a gigantic ,polygenetic ,central volcano,and has been active since Holocene .The early eruption started in thePliocene andformedthe basaltic shield. Duringthe middle and late Pleistocene ,the volcanic cone … 相似文献
13.
The magma evolution of Tianchi volcano, Changbaishan 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
The Changbaishan Tianchi volcano is composed of the basaltic rocks at the shield-forming stage, the trachyte and pantellerite
at the cone-forming stage and modern eruption. Studies on their REE, incompatible elements and Sr, Nd, Pb isotopes suggest
that rocks at different stages have a common magma genesis and close evolution relationship with differentiation crystallization
playing the key role. The co-eruption of basaltic trachyandesite magma and pantellerite magma indicates that there exist both
crustal magma chamber and mantle magma reservoir beneath the Tianchi volcano.
Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 49672109). 相似文献
14.
长白山天池火山地震类型及火山活动性的初步研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
2002年以来，长白山天池火山区出现了地震活动增强、地形变加剧和多种地球化学异常等现象，火山口附近发生的多次有感地震在社会上产生了较大影响。本文利用2002年以来的流动地震观测资料，采用频谱分析、时频分析和多台站资料对比的方法，对火山区地震事件的类型进行了分析；对火山活动的危险性进行了初步研究。结果表明，目前天池火山区出现的大量地震活动仍然属于火山构造地震，少量台站地震记录中表现出的低频特征主要是由于局部介质影响造成的，排除了长周期地震引起的可能。尽管长白山天池火山地震活动明最增强，震群活动较为频繁，但仍属于岩浆活动的早期阶段，短期内发生火山喷发的危险性较小。 相似文献
15.
Magma plumbing system beneath Ontake Volcano, central Japan 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Ontake Volcano in central Japan was last active from ~ 100–35 Ka. The eruptions contained rhyodacite pumice and lavas in the first stage (stage O1, > 33 km3 ), followed by eruptions of andesite lavas and pyroclastics (stages O2 and O3, > 16 km3 ). Modeling of major and incompatible elements with Sr isotope ratios suggests that the primary magma was a high-alumina basalt. One andesite magma type appears to have evolved from the basalt in a closed system magma chamber, in part by fractional crystallization, and its generation included crustal assimilation. The other andesite magma type is considered to have evolved in an open system magma chamber in which repeated input of primary magma occurred together with wall-rock assimilation and fractional crystallization. The rhyodacite is inferred to have evolved in a closed system magma chamber by fractional crystallization of the second type of andesite. These genetic relationships require that the magma chamber functioned alternately as an open and a closed system. Geobarometry indicates that there may have been multiple magma chambers, located in the upper crust for the rhyodacite, near the upper–lower crust interface for the andesite and in the mid-lower crust for the basalt. These chambers were stacked to form the magma plumbing system of Ontake. Incompatible element compositions of the basalt are considered to have changed during the eruptions, suggesting that two different plumbing systems for stage O1 magma and for stages O2, O3 magmas existed during the 65 Ka of activity. Evolutionary history of the systems implies that the primary magma was introduced into the magma plumbing system each for ~ 17 500 years and that the life span of a magma plumbing system was shorter than 40 Ka. 相似文献
16.
17.
Review of eruptive activity at Tianchi volcano, Changbaishan, northeast China: implications for possible future eruptions 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
One of the largest explosive eruptions in the past several thousand years occurred at Tianchi volcano, also known as Changbaishan, on the China–North Korea border. This historically active polygenetic central volcano consists of three parts: a lower basaltic shield, an upper trachytic composite cone, and young comendite ash flows. The Millennium Eruption occurred between 938 and 946?ad, and was preceded by two smaller and chemically different rhyolitic pumice deposits. There has been at least one additional, small eruption in the last three centuries. From 2002 to 2005, seismicity, deformation, and the helium and hydrogen gas contents of spring waters all increased markedly, causing regional concern. We attribute this event to magma recharge or volatile exhalation or both at depth, followed by two episodes of addition of magmatic fluids into the overlying aquifer without a phreatic eruption. The estimated present magma accumulation rate is too low by itself to account for the 2002–2005 unrest. The most serious volcanic hazards are ash eruption and flows, and lahars. The available geological information and volcano monitoring data provide a baseline for comprehensive assessment of future episodes of unrest and possible eruptive activity. 相似文献
18.
The historical document record is of vital significance to determine the volcanic eruption history age in the volcanology research and it cannot be replaced by 14C dating and other methods. The volcanoes are widely distributed in the northeast area of China, but there is lack of relevant historical records. However, there are the records of the volcanic eruption in the historical documents of Goryeo Dynasty(AD918-1392)and Joseon Dynasty(AD1391-1910)in the Korean Peninsula which is separated by a river with China only. Some of the records have been widely used as important information to the research of Changbaishan Tianchi volcano eruption history by researchers both at home and abroad, but they have different opinions. On the basis of the historical documents in the Korean Peninsula, that is, the History of Goryeo Dynasty and the Annals of the Joseon Dynasty so on, the phenomena of volcanic eruptions, including the intuitive eruptive events and the doubtful volcanic eruption phenomenon such as "the ash fall", "the white hair fall", "the sky fire", "the dust fall" are investigated and put in order systematically in this paper. The results are as follows:1)The intuitive eruptive events are the 1002AD eruption of Mt. Halla volcano on Jeju Island, Korea Peninsula, and the 1007AD volcanic eruption offshore to the west of Jeju Island, Korea Peninsula, as well as the 1597AD eruption of Mt. Wangtian'e volcano in Changbai County, Jilin Province, China; 2)"The ash fall" is airborne volcanic ash, and those "ash falls" happening in 1265, 1401-1405, 1668, 1673 and 1702AD are possibly the tephra of Changbaishan Tianchi volcano; 3)"The white hair fall" is Pele's hair and it is speculated that the "white hair fall "happening in 1737AD is related to Changbaishan Tianchi volcanic eruption; 4)If regarding "the sky fire" as the volcanic eruption phenomenon, "the sky fire" happening in 1533AD is possibly the Changbaishan volcanic eruption event, and "the sky fire" in 1601-1609AD may be the eruptive event of the Longgang volcano in Jilin Province, China or Changbaishan Tianchi volcano; 5)"The dust fall" is recorded in many historical documents. However, "the dust fall" is not the volcanic ash fall but the phenomenon of loess fall. So, it is improper to determine the eruptive events of Changbaishan Tianchi volcano on the basis of "the dust fall". 相似文献
19.
长白山天池火山的地质构造背景 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
用地质学、地球物理学和地震学相结合的途径分析表明,长白山天池火山处于活动构造背景中,西太平洋板块自日本海沟向我国大陆的持续俯冲作用是长白山天池火山喷溢的主要诱发机制,天池火山的未来喷发可能受北西西向走滑机制的控制。 相似文献